uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
474 rows where use_subcategory = 59
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12274 | Daucus pusillus Michx. 1246 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 67 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots dried for winter use. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 67 |
12335 | Descurainia incana ssp. incana 1268 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 47 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for winter use. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47 |
12353 | Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. 1271 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 26 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Pounded or raw seeds stored for future use. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26 |
12359 | Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. 1271 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 47 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for winter use. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47 |
12388 | Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl 1274 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 26 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Pounded or raw seeds stored for future use. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26 |
12402 | Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl 1274 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 47 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for winter use. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47 |
12920 | Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. 1366 | Cocopa 44 | giff33 178 | 267 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for later use. | Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 267 |
12958 | Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug 1372 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 44 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Plant and herring eggs salted and stored for future use. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 44 |
13074 | Empetrum nigrum L. 1393 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 92 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries mixed with salmonberries and stored for winter use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 92 |
13075 | Empetrum nigrum L. 1393 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 92 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries stored in seal oil, a seal skin poke or plastic bag for future use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 92 |
13090 | Empetrum nigrum L. 1393 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 12 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
13094 | Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) B”cher 1394 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 37 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries preserved in seal oil for use in fall and winter. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37 |
13473 | Equisetum pratense Ehrh. 1426 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 121 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored in oil for future use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 121 |
14194 | Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny 1537 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 119 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored in seal oil for future use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 119 |
14350 | Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh 1561 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 54 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots dried for winter use. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54 |
14687 | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1603 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Beechnuts stored for winter use. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
14766 | Ficus carica L. 1617 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 216 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fallen fruit ground, mixed with water into a thick paste, dried in sheets & eaten during the winter. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216 |
14876 | Fragaria sp. 1635 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries dried and stored for winter use. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
14898 | Fragaria vesca L. 1636 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 125 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries canned for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125 |
14903 | Fragaria vesca L. 1636 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 107 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries sometimes dried and at other times preserved for winter use. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107 |
15007 | Fragaria virginiana Duchesne 1640 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2220 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries used fresh or preserved. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220 |
15013 | Fragaria virginiana Duchesne 1640 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 125 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries canned for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 125 |
16504 | Hedysarum alpinum L. 1809 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 115 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored in buried sacks for winter use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115 |
16505 | Hedysarum alpinum L. 1809 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 115 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored in seal oil, fish oil or bear fat for winter use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115 |
16509 | Hedysarum alpinum L. 1809 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 14 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored, with or without grease, in a birchbark basket in an underground cache. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14 |
16510 | Hedysarum alpinum L. 1809 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 14 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Used in the winter during times of food shortage. A large fire was set over an area where the Indians knew the roots to be abundant. By thawing the ground this way, they were able to dig them out. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14 |
16518 | Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh 1811 | Tanana, Upper 255 | mckenn59 185 | 36 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fresh roots stored underground in brush lined caches for future use. | McKennan, Robert A., 1959, The Upper Tanana Indians, Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 55, page 36 |
16591 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored in gourds or ollas. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
16614 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 117 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and stored for winter use. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117 |
16633 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 104 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds parched until brown, pulverized and stored in salmon skins. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104 |
16687 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 2 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for winter use. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 2 |
16952 | Heracleum maximum Bartr. 1851 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 152 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Plant canned for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 152 |
17279 | Hippuris vulgaris L. 1898 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 135 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Leaves piled on high ground and stored for winter use. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 135 |
17286 | Hirschfeldia incana (L.) LagrŠze-Fossat 1899 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 47 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Leaves and seeds used as an important winter food. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 47 |
17391 | Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh. 1906 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 42 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Leaves and shoots boiled many times and stored in a large wooden barrel for winter use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 42 |
18221 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 259 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Nuts stored for winter use. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 259 |
18227 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 103 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Butternuts gathered for their edible quality and furnished a winter supply of food. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 103 |
18232 | Juglans major (Torr.) Heller 2033 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 42 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Nut meats mixed with mesquite gravy or ground with roasted mescal and stored. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42 |
18244 | Juglans major (Torr.) Heller 2033 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 256 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Nuts stored for later use. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256 |
18261 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 531 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Nuts stored for winter use. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 531 |
18576 | Juniperus deppeana Steud. 2056 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fruit stored for winter use. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
18814 | Juniperus occidentalis Hook. 2059 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 47 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries stored without drying in a grass-lined hole in the ground for winter use. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 47 |
19303 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 209 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored in blankets or bags of skin in caves. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 209 |
20007 | Lewisia columbiana (T.J. Howell ex Gray) B.L. Robins. 2157 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 36 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Steamed or boiled and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36 |
20010 | Lewisia columbiana (T.J. Howell ex Gray) B.L. Robins. 2157 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 36 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Steamed or boiled and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36 |
20042 | Lewisia rediviva Pursh 2159 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 36 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Steamed or boiled and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36 |
20048 | Lewisia rediviva Pursh 2159 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 70 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots peeled and dried for winter use and boiled and eaten with salmon. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 70 |
20062 | Lewisia rediviva Pursh 2159 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 36 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Steamed or boiled and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 36 |
20200 | Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt. 2176 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 58 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Leaves and stalks blanched, boiled in a can and stored for future use. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 58 |
20231 | Ligusticum grayi Coult. & Rose 2179 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Tender leaves soaked in water, cooked and stored for later use. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
20248 | Ligusticum scoticum ssp. hultenii (Fern.) Calder & Taylor 2182 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 37 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Leaves and stalks stored in seal oil for winter use. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 37 |
20250 | Ligusticum scoticum ssp. hultenii (Fern.) Calder & Taylor 2182 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | a39 167 | 715 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Cut, mixed with fish and boiled for winter use. | Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
20509 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Acorn flour stored in large storage baskets. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20510 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 382 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Acorns stored for winter use. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382 |
21034 | Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose 2246 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 156 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Leaves frozen or canned for future use or dried and used to flavor stews and other dishes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 156 |
21081 | Lomatium watsonii (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose 2256 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 94 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Peeled roots dried for winter use, ground and boiled into a mush or used to flavor dried crickets. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 94 |
21186 | Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng. 2265 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 15 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fruit dried and stored for winter use. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
21322 | Lupinus latifolius Lindl. ex J.G. Agardh 2292 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 159 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Steamed leaves and flowers dried and stored for winter use. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159 |
21450 | Lycium pallidum Miers 2316 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 222 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fresh berries soaked, boiled until tender, ground with clay and stored for winter use. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
21759 | Macrocystis integrifolia Bory 2357 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 45 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Plant and herring eggs preserved in brine for future use. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 45 |
21787 | Madia sativa Molina 2364 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 15 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Raw seeds stored for later use, parched and pounded when used for food. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 15 |
22217 | Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. 2391 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 265 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fruit boiled and stored in the cooking water or oil for winter use. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
22228 | Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. 2391 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 342 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fruit stored in water and topped with mammal or fish grease or oil. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342 |
22295 | Malus ioensis var. ioensis 2393 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 263 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fruit dried for winter use. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263 |
22447 | Martynia sp. 2419 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 189 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored in pottery, gourd or water-basket receptacles. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189 |
22865 | Mentzelia affinis Greene 2446 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 41 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for future use. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41 |
22876 | Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 2447 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 41 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for future use. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41 |
22887 | Mentzelia congesta Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2448 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 41 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for future use. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41 |
22889 | Mentzelia dispersa S. Wats. 2449 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 41 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for future use. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41 |
22937 | Mentzelia veatchiana Kellogg 2460 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 41 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored for future use. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 41 |
23470 | Morus microphylla Buckl. 2530 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
23491 | Morus rubra L. 2532 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 48 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Berries canned for future use. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 48 |
23605 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 262 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Terminal shoots cut crosswise, strung on string and dried for winter use. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 262 |
23619 | Nelumbo lutea Willd. 2570 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 105 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots gathered, cut and strung for winter use. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 105 |
23729 | Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr. 2576 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 46 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Plant and herring eggs salted for storage. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 46 |
23735 | Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr. 2576 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 124 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Stalks cut into lengthwise strips and dried for winter use. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 124 |
24614 | Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck 2653 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 56 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Ground, dried tunas mixed in equal proportions with corn meal and made into a mush for winter food. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 56 |
24664 | Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. 2659 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 194 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Stems mixed with berry juice and canned for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194 |
24697 | Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata 2662 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 55 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Young, dried joints stored for winter food. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
24717 | Opuntia macrorhiza var. macrorhiza 2664 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 37 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fruit harvested for winter use. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
24745 | Opuntia polyacantha Haw. 2667 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 180 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Fruit dried for winter use. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180 |
24752 | Opuntia polyacantha Haw. 2667 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 57 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Joints singed in hot coals, boiled with dried sweetcorn and used as a winter food. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 57 |
24773 | Opuntia polyacantha Haw. 2667 | San Felipe 222 | c35 19 | 36 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Joints singed in hot coals, boiled and dried with sweet corn to make a winter use food. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 36 |
24783 | Opuntia polyacantha Haw. 2667 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 194 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Stems mixed with berry juice and canned for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 194 |
25248 | Oxytropis maydelliana Trautv. 2719 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 122 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored in buried sacks for winter use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 122 |
25249 | Oxytropis maydelliana Trautv. 2719 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 122 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored in seal oil, fish oil or bear fat for winter use. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 122 |
25461 | Panicum hirticaule J. Presl 2739 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 175 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds stored in ollas for future use. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 175 |
25469 | Panicum sonorum Beal 2741 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 170 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Seeds harvested, winnowed and stored for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 170 |
25518 | Parrya nudicaulis (L.) Boiss. 2752 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 123 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Leaves stored raw in seal oil for winter use. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 123 |
25740 | Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb. 2783 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 20 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Peeled, sliced roots dried for winter use. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 20 |
25751 | Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb. 2783 | Sioux 238 | m90 111 | 13 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Plant gathered and hung up for winter use. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 13 |
25758 | Pediomelum hypogaeum var. hypogaeum 2784 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 178 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Root dried for winter use. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 178 |
26018 | Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias 2831 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 71 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored in pits for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
26021 | Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias 2831 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 97 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots mixed with dirt and buried for winter use. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 97 |
26034 | Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri 2832 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 182 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots dried for winter use. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182 |
26036 | Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri 2832 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 365 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots preserved in quantity for winter use. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 365 |
26044 | Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri 2832 | Nevada Indian 161 | m90 111 | 16 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Roots stored for winter use. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 16 |
26286 | Phaseolus acutifolius Gray 2867 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 227 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Beans stored in granaries or in frame houses for later use. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227 |
26292 | Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius Freeman 2868 | Cocopa 44 | giff33 178 | 264 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Beans stored in pots for later use. | Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 264 |
26314 | Phaseolus lunatus L. 2871 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 227 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Beans stored in granaries or in frame houses for later use. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );