uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
459 rows where use_subcategory = 2 sorted by species descending
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id | species ▲ | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44641 | Zizania aquatica L. 4254 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 246 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make gem cakes, duck stuffing and fowl stuffing. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246 |
44377 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Delaware 62 | t72 97 | 55 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dry, unparched corn made into flour and used to make bread. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 55 |
44385 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, added to boiling water, kneaded, rolled in corn husks, boiled and eaten as tamales. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
44386 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, kneaded into a thick paste, rolled into little balls, boiled and eaten as marbles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
44387 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
44388 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, mixed with salt water into thin gruel & cooked in thin layer into piki. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
44389 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
44390 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | spier28 164 | 103 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make wafer bread. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 103 |
44396 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into meal and used to make wafer bread. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 67 |
44412 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into a meal or flour and used to make boiled bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71 |
44413 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with hot water, molded, dropped into boiling water and eaten as dumplings. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71 |
44427 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Corn meal used to make various breads. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
44462 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 27 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Corn and juniper ash used to make bread and dumplings. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
44463 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 30 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Sweet corn meal and herb roots made into cakes and baked in a pit. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 30 |
44500 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 72 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground, baked in large cakes and used for food. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 72 |
44519 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 78 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Corn ground on a metate, formed into cakes, rolled and baked. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
44529 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 73 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Toasted or untoasted corn ground into a flour and used to make bread. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73 |
44273 | Yucca whipplei Torr. 4238 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 150 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roasted stalks dried, ground and mixed with water to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150 |
44267 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
44270 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pulp ground, made into large cakes and stored indefinitely. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39 |
44271 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, split, seeds removed and pulp ground into large cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39 |
44113 | Yucca glauca Nutt. 4230 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 76 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Boiled, dried fruit made into cakes. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76 |
43774 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits baked, boiled, dried, rolled into loaves and stored for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
43783 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
43792 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pulp ground, made into large cakes and stored indefinitely. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39 |
43793 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, split, seeds removed and pulp ground into large cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 39 |
43859 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits baked, boiled, dried, rolled into loaves and stored for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
43867 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 32 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Baked or dried fruits ground, made into small cakes and roasted again. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32 |
43868 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo 157 | bc41 58 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp made into cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20 |
43869 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ripe fruits dried, ground, kneaded into small cakes and slightly roasted. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
43902 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 21 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit molded into foot long rolls. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |
43926 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Pima 193 | bc41 58 | 16 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried fruit made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16 |
43942 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 11 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp mixed with chokecherries and made into cake. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 11 |
43943 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 15 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp patted into cakes and dried thoroughly. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
43650 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
43678 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground with corn meal, made into cakes or balls, steamed and used for food. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71 |
43679 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Zuni 291 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, made into pats and steamed. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
43495 | Vitis vulpina L. 4184 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
43444 | Vitis rotundifolia Michx. 4178 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit used to make juice and dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43434 | Vitis labrusca L. 4176 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit used to make juice and dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43412 | Vitis cinerea var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux 4174 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit used to make juice and dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43348 | Vitis aestivalis Michx. 4169 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 60 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit used to make juice and dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
43159 | Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. 4135 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
43101 | Viburnum lentago L. 4132 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
42398 | Vaccinium uliginosum L. 4088 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42422 | Vaccinium uliginosum L. 4088 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 335 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335 |
42383 | Vaccinium sp. 4087 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 96 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits dried, soaked in water and used in breads. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
42390 | Vaccinium sp. 4087 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 310 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried into cakes. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 310 |
42306 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 205 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
42354 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 221 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries used in pancakes and muffins. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221 |
42274 | Vaccinium oxycoccos L. 4084 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
42225 | Vaccinium ovatum Pursh 4083 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 306 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit dried into cakes and stored for future use. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 306 |
42139 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42140 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42151 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 205 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
42167 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 334 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 334 |
42168 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 335 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335 |
42176 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 305 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit dried into cakes and stored for future use. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 305 |
42177 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 304 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit formed into cakes, dried and stored for future use. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 304 |
42208 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 220 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries scattered thinly on a mat and dried over a fire or mashed up and dried into a thin cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 220 |
42042 | Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr. 4077 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42056 | Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr. 4077 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 244 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42060 | Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr. 4077 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 63 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries used to make pancakes and muffins. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 63 |
42035 | Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. 4076 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
42017 | Vaccinium corymbosum L. 4074 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
42007 | Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n 4073 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 244 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42008 | Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n 4073 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 335 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335 |
42002 | Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum 4072 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 244 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42003 | Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum 4072 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 335 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335 |
41977 | Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. 4071 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
41978 | Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. 4071 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 107 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
41964 | Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. 4070 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
41615 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 249 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Kernels roasted or ground into flour for cakes. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
41639 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 349 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts roasted, shelled, pounded into a small mass and molded into 'bread.' | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 349 |
41420 | Typha sp. 4050 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots peeled, dried, ground into a flour and used to make bread. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 18 |
41327 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f90 117 | 69 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried rhizomes ground into flour, made into mush and the mush used to make cakes. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69 |
41328 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f90 117 | 69 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen mixed with water, kneaded, formed into cakes and baked. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69 |
41329 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds gathered into a dough, kneaded, made into flat cakes and roasted under hot coals. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41330 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds roasted, winnowed, ground into fine flour, boiled, made into round cakes and sun dried. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41409 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 207 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen shaped into flat cakes and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 207 |
41143 | Typha domingensis Pers. 4048 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f90 117 | 69 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried rhizomes ground into flour, made into mush and the mush used to make cakes. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69 |
41144 | Typha domingensis Pers. 4048 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f90 117 | 69 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen mixed with water, kneaded, formed into cakes and baked. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69 |
41145 | Typha domingensis Pers. 4048 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds gathered into a dough, kneaded, made into flat cakes and roasted under hot coals. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41146 | Typha domingensis Pers. 4048 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds roasted, winnowed, ground into fine flour, boiled, made into round cakes and sun dried. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41123 | Typha angustifolia L. 4047 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 64 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen baked into brownish biscuits and used for food. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 64 |
40931 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 146 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Inner bark roasted in a pit oven, sometimes mixed with dried berries and pressed into cakes. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 146 |
40975 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Cambium formed into cakes, cooked, dried, powdered, mixed with water, grease and fruit and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
41034 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 25 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Cambium made into a coarse bread. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
40814 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
40817 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 208 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Grains used to make bread. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 208 |
40823 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Used for making native breads. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 38 |
40825 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 76 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground into flour and used to make bread. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76 |
40826 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 73 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into meal, water and salt added and dough used to make tortillas and cakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 73 |
40831 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Wheat made into flour and used to make doughnuts. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71 |
38866 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
38778 | Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray 3806 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
38780 | Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray 3806 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 364 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Plant used to make bread. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 364 |
38786 | Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray 3806 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground to make dumplings, rolls, griddle cakes and tortillas. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
38772 | Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc. 3805 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
38775 | Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc. 3805 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );