uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
459 rows where use_subcategory = 2 sorted by notes descending
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▲ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29705 | Porphyra abbottae Krishnamurthy 3108 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 47 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Whole plant formed into flat sheets, pressed in boxes, dried and made into cakes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 47 |
40831 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Wheat made into flour and used to make doughnuts. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71 |
29718 | Porphyra perforata J. Agardh 3111 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 94 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Weeds stacked like cakes and dried until needed. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 94 |
11413 | Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch 1128 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 82 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Used to make bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 82 |
11450 | Crataegus submollis Sarg. 1133 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 82 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Used to make bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 82 |
40823 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Used for making native breads. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 38 |
3206 | Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. 227 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 45 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Underground fruit used to make bean bread. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 45 |
38167 | Smilax bona-nox L. 3707 | Choctaw 39 | speck41 49 | 58 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58 |
38171 | Smilax bona-nox L. 3707 | Houma 96 | speck41 49 | 58 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58 |
38210 | Smilax laurifolia L. 3711 | Choctaw 39 | speck41 49 | 58 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58 |
38212 | Smilax laurifolia L. 3711 | Houma 96 | speck41 49 | 58 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Tuberous roots dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 58 |
44529 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 73 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Toasted or untoasted corn ground into a flour and used to make bread. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 73 |
31978 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 342 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Thick acorns used to make bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342 |
44463 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 30 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Sweet corn meal and herb roots made into cakes and baked in a pit. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 30 |
25981 | Perideridia bolanderi (Gray) A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr. 2830 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 138 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Stored, dried roots pounded and made into bread. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 138 |
11578 | Cucumis sp. 1159 | Cocopa 44 | giff33 178 | 266 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Stored flesh washed in water, pounded, made into cakes and sun dried. | Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 266 |
6693 | Atriplex nuttallii S. Wats. 509 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 77 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Stems used as stuffing for roast rabbit. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 77 |
8142 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 178 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Squeezed pulp dried and made into cakes. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178 |
37921 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Soapberries dried on mats and formed into cakes. The berries were gathered in the summer, but were not hand picked because they were too soft. A clean mat was placed underneath the bush, then a branch laden with fruit was held and hit with a stick until the fruit fell off. The ripe berries were then placed in a basket, heated with hot rocks and spread out on mats or on a layer of 'timbergrass' set on a scaffolding and allowed to dry. A small fire was lit beneath so that the smoke would drive away the flies. The dried soapberry cakes were then broken off, placed in a birch bark basket with water and 'swished' with a whisk of maple bark tied to a stick. The mixture was originally sweetened with the 'white' variety of saskatoon berries that were dried and soaked in water to reconstitute them. More recently, sugar was added to the whip to sweeten it. The sweetened froth was served in small containers, first to the men and then to the women, as a sort of dessert or confection. It was said that the soapberries must never come into contact with grease or oil or the berries would not whip. One informant said that special containers were used for the preparation of soapberries, not for cooking or any other purpose, so that the berries could be kept free of grease. It was said that pregnant women should never eat the soapberry whip. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
24233 | Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon 2610 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 262 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Smashed fruit made into bread. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262 |
2824 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
9413 | Chenopodium album L. 894 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
9513 | Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller 902 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 25 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25 |
2696 | Amaranthus albus L. 184 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
2797 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
7953 | Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. 723 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, dried, stored, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
12729 | Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc. 1346 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, dried, stored, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
44390 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | spier28 164 | 103 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make wafer bread. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 103 |
9497 | Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. 899 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make tortillas and bread. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44 |
44641 | Zizania aquatica L. 4254 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 246 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make gem cakes, duck stuffing and fowl stuffing. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246 |
9490 | Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. 899 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
9556 | Chenopodium sp. 910 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44 |
10440 | Coix lacryma-jobi L. 1042 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 41 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41 |
13265 | Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven 1415 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 370 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370 |
19300 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
19922 | Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. 2136 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
38775 | Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc. 3805 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
40814 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
44389 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
7914 | Camelina microcarpa DC. 703 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
9985 | Cirsium pallidum Woot. & Standl. 965 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
12336 | Descurainia incana ssp. incisa (Engelm.) Kartesz & Gandhi 1269 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
23544 | Muhlenbergia sp. 2544 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
25449 | Panicum bulbosum Kunth 2737 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
38778 | Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray 3806 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
380 | Acacia greggii Gray 15 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 225 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
35327 | Rumex crispus L. 3485 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds soaked in water, ground into a doughy flour and baked in the sand. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41146 | Typha domingensis Pers. 4048 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds roasted, winnowed, ground into fine flour, boiled, made into round cakes and sun dried. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
41330 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds roasted, winnowed, ground into fine flour, boiled, made into round cakes and sun dried. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
30695 | Prunus subcordata Benth. 3179 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds removed, pulp pounded and stored for winter in small cakes. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
1607 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 10 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds pounded, leached, boiled into a mush, made into a cake and eaten with meat. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 |
30040 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds pounded and molded into a cake without cooking. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 54 |
8159 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
38866 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
24353 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
24375 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
7383 | Blennosperma nanum (Hook.) Blake 593 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 377 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
7579 | Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. 634 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 377 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
21789 | Madia sp. 2365 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 377 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
32664 | Ranunculus californicus Benth. 3303 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 377 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
44388 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, mixed with salt water into thin gruel & cooked in thin layer into piki. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
1119 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
2757 | Amaranthus hybridus L. 190 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
9550 | Chenopodium sp. 910 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
28663 | Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey 3029 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
44387 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
2728 | Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 186 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 65 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds originally eaten raw, but later ground with black corn meal, made into balls and eaten. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65 |
6939 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 491 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds mixed with deer fat or grease, boiled, cooled and made into small cakes. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491 |
16598 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 87 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds mixed with corn, ground into a meal and made into cakes. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
16142 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into flour and baked on hot sands as browned cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
6703 | Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats. 511 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into bread and used for food. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67 |
10303 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
19304 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
24019 | Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. 2590 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
16557 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, sifted, made into dough and baked on hot stones. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
8195 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, put into water, meal combined with other meal and baked to make bread. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71 |
25468 | Panicum sonorum Beal 2741 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 170 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with water and dried to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 170 |
44413 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with hot water, molded, dropped into boiling water and eaten as dumplings. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71 |
16674 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 184 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, put into hot water and eaten as a pasty bread. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
43679 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Zuni 291 | c35 19 | 54 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, made into pats and steamed. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
9500 | Chenopodium graveolens Willd. 900 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and made into small dumplings wrapped in corn husks. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18 |
16679 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 65 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, made into small cakes and baked for a short time. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 65 |
9549 | Chenopodium sp. 910 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, kneaded into a thick paste, rolled into little balls, boiled and eaten as marbles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
28662 | Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey 3029 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, kneaded into a thick paste, rolled into little balls, boiled and eaten as marbles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
44386 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, kneaded into a thick paste, rolled into little balls, boiled and eaten as marbles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
2816 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 222 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, boiled, mixed with corn flour and made into dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
44385 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, added to boiling water, kneaded, rolled in corn husks, boiled and eaten as tamales. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
43678 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground with corn meal, made into cakes or balls, steamed and used for food. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 71 |
1122 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | n43 184 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground with corn into fine meal and used to make tortilla bread. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 |
38786 | Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray 3806 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground to make dumplings, rolls, griddle cakes and tortillas. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
40826 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 73 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into meal, water and salt added and dough used to make tortillas and cakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 73 |
44396 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into meal and used to make wafer bread. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 67 |
17409 | Hordeum vulgare L. 1913 | Yuki 287 | c02 89 | 313 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into flour and used to make bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 313 |
30143 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 44 |
29935 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Apache 10 | c35 19 | 45 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into flour and used in pancakes. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
44412 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into a meal or flour and used to make boiled bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71 |
25459 | Panicum hirticaule J. Presl 2739 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 175 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 175 |
35612 | Salicornia maritima Wolff & Jefferies 3512 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 380 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make a 'sweet bread.' | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380 |
43650 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
1113 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );