uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
459 rows where use_subcategory = 2 sorted by use_subcategory
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory ▼ | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
380 | Acacia greggii Gray 15 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 225 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
620 | Acer rubrum L. 32 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 119 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
652 | Acer saccharinum L. 34 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 119 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
687 | Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 119 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
1113 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
1119 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
1122 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | n43 184 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground with corn into fine meal and used to make tortilla bread. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 |
1135 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds made into cakes. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
1136 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
1607 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 10 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds pounded, leached, boiled into a mush, made into a cake and eaten with meat. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 |
1806 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 30 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Leaf bases pit cooked, made into cakes, dried and used for food. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 30 |
2013 | Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze 130 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 36 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seed flour dampened, shaped, dried and eaten as a cookie. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 36 |
2035 | Allium anceps Kellogg 133 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Bulbs cooked on hot rocks, squeezed into cakes and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 |
2696 | Amaranthus albus L. 184 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
2728 | Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 186 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 65 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds originally eaten raw, but later ground with black corn meal, made into balls and eaten. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65 |
2757 | Amaranthus hybridus L. 190 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
2797 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
2816 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 222 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, boiled, mixed with corn flour and made into dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
2824 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
2991 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 9 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits sun dried, pounded, formed into patties and stored for winter use. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
3015 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries pressed into cakes and used for food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
3039 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 253 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
3040 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries pressed into cakes and used for food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
3070 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 75 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries used to make muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 75 |
3081 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 101 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried whole or mashed, formed into cakes and dried. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101 |
3112 | Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. 210 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
3206 | Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. 227 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 45 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Underground fruit used to make bean bread. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 45 |
3226 | Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm. 229 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
3382 | Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn. 255 | Kamia 103 | g31 180 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulverized seeds used for bread. | Gifford, E. W., 1931, The Kamia of Imperial Valley, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, page 24 |
3690 | Apios americana Medik. 289 | Delaware 62 | t72 97 | 59 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots dried, ground into flour and made into bread. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 59 |
4408 | Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry 337 | Numlaki 170 | c02 89 | 375 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits made into bread and eaten. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375 |
4432 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4439 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 138 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries made into flour, molded into cakes and stored for later use. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 138 |
4690 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4704 | Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida] 330 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
5037 | Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth. 393 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
5050 | Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth. 393 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 65 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds mixed with water, made into balls, steamed and used for food. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65 |
6386 | Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal 450 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 129 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
6693 | Atriplex nuttallii S. Wats. 509 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 77 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Stems used as stuffing for roast rabbit. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 77 |
6703 | Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats. 511 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into bread and used for food. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 67 |
6831 | Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. 545 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
6836 | Balsamorhiza hookeri (Hook.) Nutt. 546 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
6850 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
6939 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 491 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds mixed with deer fat or grease, boiled, cooled and made into small cakes. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491 |
7383 | Blennosperma nanum (Hook.) Blake 593 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 377 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
7431 | Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths 608 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
7579 | Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. 634 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 377 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
7847 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots pit roasted and made into loaves. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24 |
7868 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 14 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Oven baked bulbs squeezed into little cakes or pulverized, formed into round loaves and stored. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
7909 | Camassia sp. 702 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Raw or roasted bulbs pulverized, formed into small cakes or balls and dried for storage. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 99 |
7910 | Camassia sp. 702 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | r32 44 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Raw or roasted root pulverized, formed into small cakes or balls and dried for storage. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 99 |
7914 | Camelina microcarpa DC. 703 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
7953 | Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. 723 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, dried, stored, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
8139 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Apache, San Carlos 13 | h08 174 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits sun dried, made into large cakes and used for food. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
8142 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 178 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Squeezed pulp dried and made into cakes. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178 |
8159 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
8195 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 71 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, put into water, meal combined with other meal and baked to make bread. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71 |
8229 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 260 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried, parched, seeds ground to consistency of peanut butter and squeezed into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260 |
8287 | Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch 763 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with bread. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
8288 | Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch 763 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts crushed, mixed with cornmeal and beans or berries and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8342 | Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch 767 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with bread. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
8343 | Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch 767 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts crushed, mixed with cornmeal and beans or berries and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8417 | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 774 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts ground into a meal and used to make bread. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39 |
8427 | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 774 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with bread. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
8428 | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 774 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts crushed, mixed with cornmeal and beans or berries and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8777 | Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson 822 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit ground, caked and dried for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
9413 | Chenopodium album L. 894 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
9490 | Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. 899 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
9497 | Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. 899 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make tortillas and bread. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44 |
9500 | Chenopodium graveolens Willd. 900 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and made into small dumplings wrapped in corn husks. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18 |
9513 | Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller 902 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 25 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25 |
9525 | Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Wats. 903 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds mixed with corn meal and salt, made into a stiff batter, formed into balls and steamed. The Zuni say that upon reaching this world, the seeds were prepared without the meal because there was no corn. Now the young plants are boiled, either alone or with meat, and are greatly relished. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 66 |
9547 | Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. 908 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
9549 | Chenopodium sp. 910 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, kneaded into a thick paste, rolled into little balls, boiled and eaten as marbles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
9550 | Chenopodium sp. 910 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground fine, boiled, thickened, made into balls and eaten as dumplings. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
9556 | Chenopodium sp. 910 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44 |
9985 | Cirsium pallidum Woot. & Standl. 965 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
10074 | Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 979 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
10134 | Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh 1001 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 239 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Corms made into cakes and dried for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239 |
10302 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Large seeds formerly used to make a flour for bread. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
10303 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
10305 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Green parts boiled, fibrous material removed, molded into cakes and fried in grease, a delicacy. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
10313 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 50 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried leaves and meat or tallow used to make dumplings. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 50 |
10440 | Coix lacryma-jobi L. 1042 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 41 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 41 |
11204 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with bread. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
11205 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts crushed, mixed with cornmeal and beans or berries and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
11362 | Crataegus douglasii Lindl. 1123 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 124 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed and dried into thin, hard cakes. Sometimes the cakes were decorated. The dried cakes were eaten as a snack on winter evenings and were used as crackers to dip into deer marrow soup to soak up the fat. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124 |
11395 | Crataegus douglasii var. douglasii 1124 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed and formed into cakes, dried and eaten like cookies. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123 |
11405 | Crataegus erythropoda Ashe 1125 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
11412 | Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch 1128 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
11413 | Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch 1128 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 82 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Used to make bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 82 |
11429 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 321 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits squeezed, made into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
11431 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Coeur d'Alene 47 | teit28 144 | 93 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, made into cakes, dried and used for food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 93 |
11432 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Coeur d'Alene 47 | teit28 144 | 93 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh berries boiled, spread on layers of grass, juice poured on them, dried and made into cakes. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 93 |
11449 | Crataegus submollis Sarg. 1133 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
11450 | Crataegus submollis Sarg. 1133 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 82 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Used to make bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 82 |
11557 | Cucumis melo L. 1157 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11570 | Cucumis sativus L. 1158 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11578 | Cucumis sp. 1159 | Cocopa 44 | giff33 178 | 266 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Stored flesh washed in water, pounded, made into cakes and sun dried. | Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 266 |
11644 | Cucurbita maxima Duchesne 1162 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );