uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
459 rows where use_subcategory = 2 sorted by pageno
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▼ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1113 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
7431 | Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths 608 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
23526 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
38772 | Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc. 3805 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
43943 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 15 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp patted into cakes and dried thoroughly. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
44273 | Yucca whipplei Torr. 4238 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 150 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roasted stalks dried, ground and mixed with water to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150 |
11694 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 156 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Blossoms baked as parts of certain kinds of cakes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
23533 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seed meal used to make bread. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
23534 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seed meal used to make bread. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
25451 | Panicum capillare L. 2738 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 159 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seed meal used to make bread. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 159 |
43926 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Pima 193 | bc41 58 | 16 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried fruit made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16 |
40814 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
43650 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 161 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
25468 | Panicum sonorum Beal 2741 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 170 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with water and dried to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 170 |
20512 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Poliklah 199 | m66 109 | 172 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 172 |
25459 | Panicum hirticaule J. Presl 2739 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 175 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 175 |
29966 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 176 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried seeds pounded into flour, moistened, allowed to harden into cakes and stored. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
8142 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 178 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Squeezed pulp dried and made into cakes. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178 |
4432 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4690 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4704 | Arctostaphylos ?cinerea T.J. Howell (pro sp.) [canescens ? viscida] 330 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
9500 | Chenopodium graveolens Willd. 900 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and made into small dumplings wrapped in corn husks. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18 |
41420 | Typha sp. 4050 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots peeled, dried, ground into a flour and used to make bread. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 18 |
43783 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
44267 | Yucca torreyi Shafer 4237 | Apache 10 | bc41 58 | 18 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
40975 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Cambium formed into cakes, cooked, dried, powdered, mixed with water, grease and fruit and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
30004 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 181 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Meal molded into cakes for storage. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181 |
16674 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 184 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, put into hot water and eaten as a pasty bread. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
20496 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hahwunkwut 83 | m66 109 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187 |
24353 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
24375 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
38054 | Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid. 3688 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 188 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Kernels molded into oily cake, boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 188 |
1122 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | n43 184 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground with corn into fine meal and used to make tortilla bread. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 |
8159 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
43868 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo 157 | bc41 58 | 20 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp made into cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20 |
15626 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 200 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried in cakes, soaked, dipped in oil and eaten. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200 |
20499 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hupa 98 | m66 109 | 200 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread, biscuits, pancakes and cake. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200 |
15625 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 204 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
42151 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 205 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
42306 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 205 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
41409 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 207 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pollen shaped into flat cakes and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 207 |
40817 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 208 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Grains used to make bread. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 208 |
34589 | Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 3457 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
34950 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries cooked, dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
37921 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 209 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Soapberries dried on mats and formed into cakes. The berries were gathered in the summer, but were not hand picked because they were too soft. A clean mat was placed underneath the bush, then a branch laden with fruit was held and hit with a stick until the fruit fell off. The ripe berries were then placed in a basket, heated with hot rocks and spread out on mats or on a layer of 'timbergrass' set on a scaffolding and allowed to dry. A small fire was lit beneath so that the smoke would drive away the flies. The dried soapberry cakes were then broken off, placed in a birch bark basket with water and 'swished' with a whisk of maple bark tied to a stick. The mixture was originally sweetened with the 'white' variety of saskatoon berries that were dried and soaked in water to reconstitute them. More recently, sugar was added to the whip to sweeten it. The sweetened froth was served in small containers, first to the men and then to the women, as a sort of dessert or confection. It was said that the soapberries must never come into contact with grease or oil or the berries would not whip. One informant said that special containers were used for the preparation of soapberries, not for cooking or any other purpose, so that the berries could be kept free of grease. It was said that pregnant women should never eat the soapberry whip. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
13987 | Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. 1501 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 21 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Leaves boiled, mixed with water and cornmeal and baked into a bread. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 21 |
27611 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 21 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground nuts formed into cakes. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 21 |
43902 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 21 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit molded into foot long rolls. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |
24373 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Yavapai 284 | g32 201 | 211 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
15697 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 213 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed, dried and made into cakes for later use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213 |
10303 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
11778 | Cupressus sp. 1171 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries ground into a meal and mixed with bread dough. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 22 |
11779 | Cupressus sp. 1171 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Leaf ash mixed with breads. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 22 |
19304 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
24019 | Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. 2590 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
38866 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
42208 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 220 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries scattered thinly on a mat and dried over a fire or mashed up and dried into a thin cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 220 |
42354 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 221 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries used in pancakes and muffins. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221 |
2816 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 222 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, boiled, mixed with corn flour and made into dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
33187 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 222 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries used to make cakes. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
1136 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
5037 | Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth. 393 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
16597 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
38775 | Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc. 3805 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
380 | Acacia greggii Gray 15 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 225 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
24719 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 233 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried fruit pounded into cakes for storage or pieces of cake eaten without further preparation. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233 |
10134 | Claytonia lanceolata Pall. ex Pursh 1001 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 239 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Corms made into cakes and dried for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239 |
3382 | Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn. 255 | Kamia 103 | g31 180 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulverized seeds used for bread. | Gifford, E. W., 1931, The Kamia of Imperial Valley, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, page 24 |
7847 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots pit roasted and made into loaves. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24 |
9413 | Chenopodium album L. 894 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
26309 | Phaseolus lunatus L. 2871 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Beans used to make bean bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
26334 | Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2873 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 24 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Beans used to make bean bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
20054 | Lewisia rediviva Pursh 2159 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 243 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots used as an ingredient in fruit cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243 |
42002 | Vaccinium caespitosum var. caespitosum 4072 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 244 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42007 | Vaccinium caespitosum var. paludicola (Camp) Hult‚n 4073 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 244 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42056 | Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr. 4077 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 244 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
44641 | Zizania aquatica L. 4254 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 246 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make gem cakes, duck stuffing and fowl stuffing. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246 |
31987 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Yana 282 | ss43 181 | 249 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorn flour used to make bread. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
41615 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 249 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Kernels roasted or ground into flour for cakes. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
9513 | Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller 902 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 25 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25 |
41034 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 25 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Cambium made into a coarse bread. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
3039 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 253 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried into cakes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
8139 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Apache, San Carlos 13 | h08 174 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits sun dried, made into large cakes and used for food. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
18580 | Juniperus deppeana Steud. 2056 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
18928 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
24862 | Opuntia sp. 2670 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground fruit made into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
1135 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds made into cakes. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
2824 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
10302 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Large seeds formerly used to make a flour for bread. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
10305 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Green parts boiled, fibrous material removed, molded into cakes and fried in grease, a delicacy. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
12897 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp macerated and cooked with sugar to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
12910 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus 1364 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp macerated and cooked with sugar to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
20755 | Lomatium cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2234 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots pulverized, moistened, partially baked and made into different sized cakes. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26 |
38786 | Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray 3806 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground to make dumplings, rolls, griddle cakes and tortillas. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
8229 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 260 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried, parched, seeds ground to consistency of peanut butter and squeezed into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260 |
24233 | Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon 2610 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 262 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Smashed fruit made into bread. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262 |
29724 | Porphyra sp. 3112 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 262 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Plants allowed to rot, shaped into cakes, sun dried and eaten with dried salmon at feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 262 |
11578 | Cucumis sp. 1159 | Cocopa 44 | giff33 178 | 266 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Stored flesh washed in water, pounded, made into cakes and sun dried. | Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 266 |
34509 | Rubus idaeus L. 3453 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 269 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit steamed, dried and made into a cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
12896 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 27 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp baked with sugar and used to make cakes. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );