uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
459 rows where use_subcategory = 2
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11675 | Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir. 1163 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11694 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 156 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Blossoms baked as parts of certain kinds of cakes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
11712 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried flesh pounded, sifted, soaked in cold water, sweetened, grease added and baked into cakes. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11713 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh or dried flesh boiled, mashed and mixed into the paste when making corn bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11778 | Cupressus sp. 1171 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries ground into a meal and mixed with bread dough. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 22 |
11779 | Cupressus sp. 1171 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Leaf ash mixed with breads. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 22 |
11847 | Cymopterus sp. 1190 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots pit roasted, mashed and fried into cakes. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 46 |
12057 | Dasylirion texanum Scheele 1236 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 57 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Crowns pit-baked, dried, pounded into flour and made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57 |
12059 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 38 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Crowns baked in pits, stripped, pounded to a pulp, spread out to dry and eaten like cake. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 38 |
12064 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 41 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Plants pit cooked, formed into cakes, dried and used for food. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 |
12081 | Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. 1237 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 57 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Crowns pit-baked, dried, pounded into flour and made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57 |
12336 | Descurainia incana ssp. incisa (Engelm.) Kartesz & Gandhi 1269 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 49 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
12355 | Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. 1271 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 28 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds used to make cakes. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28 |
12372 | Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata 1273 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
12393 | Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl 1274 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 28 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds used to make cakes. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28 |
12729 | Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc. 1346 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds winnowed, dried, stored, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
12896 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 27 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp baked with sugar and used to make cakes. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
12897 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp macerated and cooked with sugar to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
12910 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus 1364 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pulp macerated and cooked with sugar to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
13265 | Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven 1415 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 370 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370 |
13987 | Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. 1501 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 21 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Leaves boiled, mixed with water and cornmeal and baked into a bread. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 21 |
14675 | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1603 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with bread. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
14676 | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1603 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts crushed, mixed with cornmeal and beans or berries and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
14914 | Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt 1637 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 127 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
14988 | Fragaria virginiana Duchesne 1640 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 127 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
15606 | Gaultheria procumbens L. 1702 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
15625 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 204 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries dried in cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
15626 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 200 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried in cakes, soaked, dipped in oil and eaten. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200 |
15637 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15643 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15644 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 299 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, formed into cakes and sun or air dried for winter use. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299 |
15667 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits pressed into cakes and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
15677 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15681 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15682 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 83 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries boiled, poured into frames, sun or fire dried into cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83 |
15686 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Samish 221 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15688 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15692 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Skokomish 243 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15693 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15696 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 43 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15697 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 213 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed, dried and made into cakes for later use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213 |
15698 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits pressed into cakes and used as a winter food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
15723 | Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch 1707 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 39 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries mixed with flour or cornmeal, soda and water and made into bread. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 39 |
15732 | Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch 1707 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
15733 | Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch 1707 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 96 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruits dried, soaked in water and used in bread. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
16141 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seed flour mixed with saguaro seed flour, baked on sand and eaten as browned cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46 |
16142 | Gossypium sp. 1768 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into flour and baked on hot sands as browned cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
16557 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, sifted, made into dough and baked on hot stones. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
16592 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 30 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds dried, powdered and grease added to make cakes. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 30 |
16597 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 223 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
16598 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 87 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds mixed with corn, ground into a meal and made into cakes. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
16674 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 184 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, put into hot water and eaten as a pasty bread. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
16679 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 65 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground, made into small cakes and baked for a short time. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 65 |
17409 | Hordeum vulgare L. 1913 | Yuki 287 | c02 89 | 313 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground into flour and used to make bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 313 |
17425 | Humulus lupulus L. 1920 | Algonquin, Quebec 7 | b80 67 | 83 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Hops used to make bread. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 83 |
17566 | Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. 1942 | Hopi 95 | c35 19 | 29 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Leaves boiled, rubbed with cornmeal and baked into bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
18205 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with bread. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
18206 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts crushed, mixed with cornmeal and beans or berries and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18286 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with bread. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
18287 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts crushed, mixed with cornmeal and beans or berries and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18418 | Juniperus californica Carr. 2053 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries seeded, pounded into a meal, moistened, molded into cakes and dried. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
18580 | Juniperus deppeana Steud. 2056 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
18928 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
19300 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
19304 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
19922 | Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. 2136 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 66 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 66 |
20054 | Lewisia rediviva Pursh 2159 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 243 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots used as an ingredient in fruit cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243 |
20267 | Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker 2184 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 46 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Bulbs dried into cakes and stored for winter use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 46 |
20496 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hahwunkwut 83 | m66 109 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187 |
20499 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hupa 98 | m66 109 | 200 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread, biscuits, pancakes and cake. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200 |
20503 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorn paste made into patties and baked in hot coals. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20512 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Poliklah 199 | m66 109 | 172 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 172 |
20516 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 67 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make black bread. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 67 |
20517 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 290 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
20532 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
20538 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 88 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make pancakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
20542 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorns used to make dough. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20752 | Lomatium canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose 2233 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 94 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Peeled, mashed roots formed into cakes and allowed to dry, 'Indian bread.' | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 94 |
20755 | Lomatium cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2234 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 26 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Roots pulverized, moistened, partially baked and made into different sized cakes. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26 |
21789 | Madia sp. 2365 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 377 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 |
22196 | Malus coronaria var. coronaria 2390 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 129 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
22308 | Malus pumila P. Mill. 2394 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 129 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
22939 | Menyanthes trifoliata L. 2462 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 145 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Rootstocks dried, ground, leached, dried, ground into flour and used to make bread. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 145 |
23145 | Mitchella repens L. 2494 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
23468 | Morus microphylla Buckl. 2530 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
23487 | Morus rubra L. 2532 | Cherokee 32 | perry75 86 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Berries and poke berries crushed, strained, mixed with sugar and corn meal and made into dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 48 |
23496 | Morus rubra L. 2532 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
23526 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 149 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
23533 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seed meal used to make bread. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
23534 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seed meal used to make bread. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
23544 | Muhlenbergia sp. 2544 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 48 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds threshed, winnowed, ground and the flour used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
24019 | Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. 2590 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
24099 | Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal 2596 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 96 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground seeds used for bread. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 96 |
24233 | Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon 2610 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 262 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Smashed fruit made into bread. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262 |
24353 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
24373 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Yavapai 284 | g32 201 | 211 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
24375 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
24719 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 233 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Dried fruit pounded into cakes for storage or pieces of cake eaten without further preparation. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233 |
24725 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 14 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Pad pulp formed into cakes, dried, stored for later use and fried or roasted. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14 |
24862 | Opuntia sp. 2670 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground fruit made into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );