uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
171 rows where species = 2959
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
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27527 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 43 | Food 1 | Pie & Pudding 88 | Seeds mixed with yucca fruit pulp to make a pudding. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
27528 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 43 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Seeds ground, rolled into balls and eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
27529 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 45 | Food 1 | Secretion from the trunk chewed. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 | |
27530 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 35 | Drug 2 | Cold Remedy 21 | Needles burned and smoke inhaled for colds. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
27531 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 35 | Fiber 4 | Furniture 109 | Young trees used for the main hoop of infant cradleboards. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
27532 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 35 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Nuts parched, ground, mixed with datil fruit, mescal, mesquite beans or sotol and used for food. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
27533 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 35 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nuts used as an essential food during girls' puberty ceremonies. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
27534 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 35 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen used instead of cattail pollen in ceremonies. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
27535 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 35 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Resin used for waterproofing woven water jugs. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
27536 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Heated pitch applied to the face to remove facial hair. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27537 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27538 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Pinon and corn flour mixed and cooked into a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27539 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27540 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as a staple food. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27541 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Nuts stored in baskets or pottery jars. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27542 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Pitch used to waterproof baskets. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27543 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Drug 2 | Venereal Aid 46 | Leaves chewed for venereal diseases. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
27544 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Nuts eaten raw. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 | |
27545 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 150 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Pitch warmed and applied inside and out to waterproof water jugs. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 150 |
27546 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 377 | Food 1 | Nuts used for food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 377 | |
27547 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of melted gum applied to cuts. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27548 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Drug 2 | Veterinary Aid 34 | Poultice of melted gum applied to horses for cuts. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27549 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Wood used for house construction. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27550 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Fiber 4 | Caulking Material 94 | Melted gum used to plug a leaky canteen or other containers. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27551 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 67 | Food 1 | Preserves 1 | Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
27552 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 73 | Food 1 | Soup 56 | Nuts ground with the shells and used to make soup. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 73 |
27553 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Food 1 | Spice 86 | Sprigs placed in the cooking pit with porcupine, bobcat or badger to improve the taste of the meat. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27554 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Food 1 | Nuts formerly used as an important food source. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 | |
27555 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Nuts sold in considerable quantities to stores. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27556 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Other 3 | Fuel 37 | Wood used for firewood. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27557 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Gum used in the paint used on the base of arrows. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27558 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Other 3 | Tools 17 | Wood used to make the knife for trimming mescal heads. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27559 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 205 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Gum used to waterproof basketry water jugs and basketry drinking cups. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27560 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 32 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Poultice of gum used to exclude air from cuts and sores. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32 |
27561 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 63 | Drug 2 | Disinfectant 129 | Gum smoke used as disinfectant for family of dead person. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
27562 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 35, 63 | Drug 2 | Tuberculosis Remedy 49 | Plant used for 'consumption.' | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 63 |
27563 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 63 | Drug 2 | Witchcraft Medicine 89 | Gum applied to forehead as a protection from sorcery. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
27564 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 347 | Dye 5 | Gum used in the preparation of certain dyes. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 | |
27565 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 63 | Dye 5 | Gum used to prepare certain dyes. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 | |
27566 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | n43 184 | 18 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nuts roasted and eaten as an after supper luxury. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18 |
27567 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 63 | Food 1 | Nuts eaten for food. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 | |
27568 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 347 | Food 1 | Nuts used for food. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 | |
27569 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 347 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Gum put on hot coals and fumes used to smoke people and their clothes after a funeral. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
27570 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 347 | Other 3 | Ceremonial Items 30 | Pollen used for the Snake Ceremonial. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
27571 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 347 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Gum used in making turquoise mosaics. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
27572 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 63 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Gum used in making turquoise mosaics. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
27573 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 347 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Gum put on forehead when going outside of house as protection against sorcery. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
27574 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 63 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Gum used in waterproofing and repairing pottery vessels. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
27575 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 347 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Gum used to prevent absorption of moisture and warping. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
27576 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 347 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Gum used to waterproof and repair pottery vessels. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
27577 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Drug 2 | Expectorant 139 | Decoction of inner bark taken as an expectorant tea. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27578 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Drug 2 | Other 18 | Fresh, white pitch burned to purify the air. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27579 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Food 1 | Beverage 27 | Needles used to make a tea. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27580 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Nuts formed into cakes. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27581 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27582 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Nuts used to make a paste. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27583 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Food 1 | Soup 56 | Nuts used to make a soup. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27584 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Food 1 | Nuts eaten raw or roasted. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 | |
27585 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Pitch spread on the palms of the hand to make gripping rope easier. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27586 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Pitch used to glue arrows and cradleboards. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27587 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Other 3 | Waterproofing Agent 154 | Melted pitch used for waterproofing baskets. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27588 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 37 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Gum mixed with tallow and used as a salve for cuts and open sores. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
27589 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 37 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts formerly used as a staple food. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
27590 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 40 | Food 1 | Seeds formerly considered an important food. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40 | |
27591 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 37 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Nuts gathered and stored for winter use. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
27592 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 26 | Dye 5 | Red 136 | Gum from old and new trees used as a red paint for jars and bowls. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
27593 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 26 | Food 1 | Nuts gathered in large quantities to save and sell. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 | |
27594 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 26 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Nuts gathered in large quantities to save and sell. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
27595 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 60 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Pitch used on open sores. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
27596 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 60 | Drug 2 | Gastrointestinal Aid 14 | Infusion of foliage used as an emetic to clean the stomach. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
27597 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 60 | Food 1 | Raw or roasted nuts used for food. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 | |
27598 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 60 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Nuts used for trade. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
27599 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 60 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Pitch rubbed on stone to blacken and the stone used to make paper bread from black corn. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
27600 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 60 | Other 3 | Paint 26 | Pitch mixed with ground lichens or mineral colors to make a paint medium. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
27601 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 562 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Nuts gathered in large quantities, roasted and eaten during the winter. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 562 |
27602 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Drug 2 | Ceremonial Medicine 12 | Needles used in the medicine for the 'War Dance.' | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27603 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Drug 2 | Ceremonial Medicine 12 | Pitch painted all over the patient in the War Dance. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27604 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Gum with tallow and red clay and used as a salve on open cuts and sores. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27605 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 97 | Drug 2 | Dermatological Aid 8 | Plant used for cuts and sores. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 97 |
27606 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 162 | Drug 2 | Emetic 40 | Resin used as an emetic. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 162 |
27607 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Gum used to make black dye. A black dye was made from pinyon gum, the leaves and twigs of sumac and a native yellow ocher. The sumac leaves were put in water and allowed to boil until the mixture became strong. While this was boiling, the ocher was powdered and roasted. Pinyon gum was then added to the ocher and the whole roasted again. As roasting proceeded, the gum melted and finally the mixture was reduced to a black powder. This was cooled and thrown into the sumac mixture, forming a rich blue-black fluid which was essentially an ink. When this process was finished the wool was put in and allowed to boil until it was dyed the right shade. This same dye was also used to color leather and buckskin. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27608 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Boughs used to build the corral for public exhibitions at the close of a ceremony. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27609 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Fiber 4 | Building Material 91 | Logs used to make hogans for ordinary and ceremonial purposes. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27610 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Fiber 4 | Furniture 109 | Wood used to make various parts of the cradle. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27611 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 21 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Ground nuts formed into cakes. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 21 |
27612 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27613 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 21 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Nuts boiled into a gruel. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 21 |
27614 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | steg41 119 | 222 | Food 1 | Preserves 1 | Nuts roasted, cracked and shelled on a metate, ground fine, made into butter and used with bread. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
27615 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Food 1 | Preserves 1 | Roasted nuts mashed into a butter. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27616 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 21 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Ground nuts rolled into balls and eaten as a delicacy. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 21 |
27617 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts hulled, parched and ground with corn meal to make a flour. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40 |
27618 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 32 | Food 1 | Hardened resinous secretions chewed. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32 | |
27619 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 21 | Food 1 | Nuts eaten raw or roasted directly from the shell. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 21 | |
27620 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 40 | Food 1 | Nuts hulled, roasted and eaten without further preparation. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40 | |
27621 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 162 | Food 1 | Seeds used for food. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 162 | |
27622 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Nuts gathered and sold or traded. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27623 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | rhf16 61 | 41 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Nuts sold to the Hano, Jemez and the Keresan Pueblos. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 41 |
27624 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 21 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Nuts sold to the nearest trading posts. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 21 |
27625 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 40 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Seeds gathered in large quantities and sold or traded. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40 |
27626 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 162 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Seeds used as a commercial crop. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 162 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );