uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
44,691 rows sorted by notes
This data as json, CSV (advanced)
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1410 | Actaea pachypoda Ell. 59 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 55 | Drug 2 | Toothache Remedy 71 | 'Will kill teeth of young people if not careful with it.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
41882 | Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne 4060 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 68 | Drug 2 | Pediatric Aid 42 | 'Younger people walk through nettles to procure dreams.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68 |
41883 | Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne 4060 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 68 | Drug 2 | Psychological Aid 60 | 'Younger people walk through nettles to procure dreams.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68 |
5005 | Artemisia campestris L. 388 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 58 | Drug 2 | Cold Remedy 21 | 6Decoction of plants taken for colds. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58 |
26364 | Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2873 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 104 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | A great number of varieties of beans were used. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 104 |
13379 | Equisetum hyemale L. 1422 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 58 | Fiber 4 | Scouring Material 124 | Abrasive stems used to polish pipes, bows and arrows and formerly used to scrub tins and floors. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58 |
23431 | Monotropa uniflora L. 2521 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 215 | Other 3 | Plant Indicator 224 | Abundance of plant in woods indicated many mushrooms in the coming season. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 215 |
35177 | Rumex acetosella L. 3480 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 85 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Acid-tasting leaves eaten like lettuce. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 85 |
25234 | Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill 2715 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 17 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Acid-tasting leaves used as a salad. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17 |
31941 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 33 | Dye 5 | Black 108 | Acorn cups soaked in water containing iron and used as a black dye to color basket materials. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
31950 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31977 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32012 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32153 | Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson 3266 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32199 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32252 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32606 | Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm. 3296 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Toys & Games 24 | Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
20509 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Acorn flour stored in large storage baskets. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
31987 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Yana 282 | ss43 181 | 249 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorn flour used to make bread. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
31989 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Yana 282 | ss43 181 | 249 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorn flour used to make mush. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
20504 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorn flour used to make paste and gruel and flavored with venison and herbs. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
31839 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31934 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31996 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32184 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31840 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31935 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31997 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32185 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Other 3 | Cash Crop 132 | Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31949 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31974 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32011 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32152 | Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson 3266 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32198 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32251 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32605 | Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm. 3296 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Other 3 | Fasteners 57 | Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31838 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31933 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31995 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32183 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
20541 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Drug 2 | Strengthener 128 | Acorn mush taken by old people on their death bed to survive the day. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20503 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Bread & Cake 2 | Acorn paste made into patties and baked in hot coals. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
32465 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 40 | Other 3 | Containers 32 | Acorn shells used to hold medicine and a humming bird was made to sip from each shell. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40 |
32453 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Malecite 134 | sd52 78 | 6 | Food 1 | Acorns baked and used for food. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 | |
32057 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 | |
32064 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Cochiti 43 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 | |
32080 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 | |
32098 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | San Felipe 222 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 | |
32102 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 | |
32104 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Cochiti 43 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 | |
32110 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 64 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64 | |
32112 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 | |
32116 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | San Felipe 222 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 | |
32021 | Quercus dunnii Kellogg 3258 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 246 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorns boiled into mush. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 246 |
32219 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 246 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorns boiled into mush. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 246 |
32460 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 40 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled like beans and roasted over coals. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40 | |
32416 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 41 | Food 1 | Acorns boiled, pounded and mixed with mescal. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 | |
32449 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Soup 56 | Acorns boiled, roasted, pounded, mixed with meal or meat and eaten as soup. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
31899 | Quercus alba L. 3253 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorns boiled, simmered to remove lye, ground, sifted and made into mush with bear oil seasoning. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
31898 | Quercus alba L. 3253 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Pie & Pudding 88 | Acorns boiled, simmered to remove lye, ground, sifted and made into pie. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
31900 | Quercus alba L. 3253 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns boiled, simmered to remove lye, ground, sifted, cooked in soup stock to flavor and eaten. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
32281 | Quercus macrocarpa Michx. 3273 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 320 | Food 1 | Vegetable 31 | Acorns boiled, split open and eaten like a vegetable. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320 |
32125 | Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. 3265 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 27 | Food 1 | Acorns buried in the mud for leaching and used for food. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 | |
32026 | Quercus emoryi Torr. 3260 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 47 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Acorns chewed as a confection. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47 |
32287 | Quercus macrocarpa Michx. 3273 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 31 | Food 1 | Soup 56 | Acorns chopped and cooked in soups and meats. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
32288 | Quercus macrocarpa Michx. 3273 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 31 | Food 1 | Acorns chopped, cooked over fire and eaten. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 31 | |
20527 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 83 | Food 1 | Forage 5 | Acorns collected by woodpeckers. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 83 |
31982 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 142 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32213 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 142 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32259 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 142 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32592 | Quercus wislizeni A. DC. 3295 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 142 | Food 1 | Porridge 44 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
20537 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20544 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20507 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
31963 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Wintoon 281 | m66 109 | 265 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Acorns dried and preserved for future use. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 265 |
31988 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Yana 282 | ss43 181 | 249 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Acorns dried for winter use. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
31947 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31971 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32009 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32150 | Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson 3266 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32196 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32249 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32603 | Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm. 3296 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31848 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 193 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns eaten as a staple food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
32201 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 193 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns eaten as a staple food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
32027 | Quercus emoryi Torr. 3260 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 19 | Food 1 | Acorns eaten fresh from the shell. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19 | |
32451 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Acorns eaten raw by children. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 | |
32090 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 22 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns eaten raw, boiled, roasted in ashes or dried, ground and cooked like corn meal. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
32417 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 41 | Food 1 | Acorns eaten raw. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 | |
32611 | Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella] 3250 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 148 | Food 1 | Acorns eaten raw. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 148 | |
32074 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 47 | Drug 2 | Reproductive Aid 142 | Acorns eaten to give greater sexual potency. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32105 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 47 | Drug 2 | Reproductive Aid 142 | Acorns eaten to give greater sexual potency. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
31919 | Quercus alba L. 3253 | Penobscot 192 | s17 103 | 309 | Drug 2 | Dietary Aid 304 | Acorns eaten to induce thirst and plenty of water thought to be beneficial. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
32025 | Quercus emoryi Torr. 3260 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 174 | Food 1 | Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174 | |
32060 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 174 | Food 1 | Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174 | |
32608 | Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella] 3250 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 174 | Food 1 | Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174 | |
20515 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Poliklah 199 | m66 109 | 168 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns form one of the principal foods. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 168 |
20546 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok, South Coast (Nererner) 290 | m66 109 | 168 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns form one of the principal foods. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 168 |
31850 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Acorns formerly gathered for storage in acorn granaries. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32203 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Winter Use Food 59 | Acorns formerly gathered for storage in acorn granaries. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
Advanced export
JSON shape: default, array, newline-delimited, object
CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );