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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2030 | 132 | 217 | 23 | 74 | 1 | Strongly flavored bulbs eaten with other foods. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74 | |
2032 | 132 | 259 | 10 | 117 | 1 | Bulbs dug in the spring and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117 | |
2033 | 132 | 259 | 33 | 482 | 1 | Thick coated, spherical bulbs eaten. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 482 | |
2034 | 132 | 272 | 142 | 32 | 1 | Bulbs and leaves used for food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 | |
2036 | 133 | 185 | 50 | 44 | 1 | Bulbs roasted in the sand and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 | |
2037 | 134 | 15 | 45 | 155 | 1 | Bulbs eaten raw and cooked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 | |
2038 | 134 | 79 | 38 | 360 | 1 | Bulbs eaten in spring and early summer. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360 | |
2041 | 134 | 183 | 153 | 102 | 1 | Bulbs roasted and used for food. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 | |
2042 | 134 | 183 | 153 | 102 | 1 | Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 | |
2043 | 134 | 272 | 142 | 32 | 1 | Bulbs and leaves used for food. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 | |
2045 | 136 | 105 | 71 | 380 | 1 | Bulbs relished by only old men and old women. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 380 | |
2046 | 136 | 137 | 89 | 322 | 1 | Corms used for food. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 322 | |
2065 | 138 | 138 | 51 | 69 | 1 | Small, wild onion used for food. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69 | |
2071 | 139 | 61 | 17 | 71 | 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2074 | 139 | 177 | 17 | 71 | 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2077 | 139 | 190 | 17 | 71 | 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2080 | 139 | 205 | 17 | 71 | 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2083 | 139 | 280 | 17 | 71 | 1 | Fried bulbs used for food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 | |
2085 | 140 | 89 | 2 | 212 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 | |
2089 | 140 | 157 | 74 | 31 | 1 | Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 | |
2091 | 140 | 159 | 18 | 20 | 1 | Species used for food. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 | |
2092 | 140 | 160 | 81 | 377 | 1 | Eaten raw, roasted or boiled. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 377 | |
2093 | 140 | 181 | 14 | 77 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 77 | |
2094 | 140 | 228 | 88 | 505 | 1 | Plant used for food. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505 | |
2102 | 141 | 21 | 53 | 199 | 1 | Bulbs eaten fresh. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 199 | |
2117 | 141 | 32 | 1 | 47 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47 | |
2118 | 141 | 41 | 99 | 196 | 1 | Bulbs eaten raw, cooked in pits or fried with meat. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 196 | |
2123 | 141 | 94 | 77 | 59 | 1 | Bulbs pit baked and used for food. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 | |
2125 | 141 | 95 | 184 | 20 | 1 | Eaten raw with cornmeal dumplings or fresh piki bread. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 | |
2131 | 141 | 114 | 25 | 24 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 | |
2135 | 141 | 122 | 63 | 272 | 1 | Bulbs cooked and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272 | |
2138 | 141 | 133 | 25 | 24 | 1 | Bulbs eaten sparingly. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 | |
2139 | 141 | 133 | 3 | 338 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338 | |
2143 | 141 | 157 | 74 | 31 | 1 | Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 | |
2148 | 141 | 159 | 18 | 20 | 1 | Bulbs, never the tops, eaten raw, with fried or boiled meat. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 | |
2149 | 141 | 166 | 3 | 338 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338 | |
2154 | 141 | 176 | 55 | 37 | 1 | Bulbs and leaves used for food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37 | |
2155 | 141 | 181 | 14 | 76 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76 | |
2156 | 141 | 209 | 77 | 59 | 1 | Bulbs pit baked and used for food. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 | |
2159 | 141 | 210 | 25 | 24 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 | |
2160 | 141 | 217 | 23 | 74 | 1 | Strongly flavored bulbs eaten with other foods. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74 | |
2167 | 141 | 259 | 55 | 37 | 1 | Bulbs and leaves used for food. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37 | |
2168 | 141 | 259 | 33 | 481 | 1 | Thick bulbs cooked and eaten. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481 | |
2169 | 142 | 2 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 | |
2172 | 142 | 95 | 61 | 53 | 1 | Bulbs washed and eaten raw with broken waferbread dipped in water. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 53 | |
2173 | 142 | 95 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Dipped in water with broken wafer bread and eaten raw. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 | |
2174 | 142 | 101 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Bulbs eaten raw or boiled. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 | |
2175 | 142 | 124 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 | |
2176 | 142 | 257 | 61 | 53 | 1 | Bulbs washed and eaten raw with broken waferbread dipped in water. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 53 | |
2177 | 142 | 257 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Dipped in water with broken wafer bread and eaten raw. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 | |
2182 | 145 | 33 | 57 | 12 | 1 | Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12 | |
2183 | 145 | 33 | 57 | 45 | 1 | Species used for food. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 45 | |
2184 | 145 | 125 | 108 | 27 | 1 | Species used for food. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 27 | |
2185 | 145 | 159 | 18 | 20 | 1 | Bulbs boiled with meat. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 | |
2187 | 147 | 10 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 | |
2191 | 147 | 95 | 184 | 20 | 1 | Eaten raw with cornmeal dumplings or fresh piki bread. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 | |
2196 | 149 | 269 | 137 | 12 | 1 | Leaves, stalks and heads used for food. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12 | |
2197 | 150 | 269 | 137 | 12 | 1 | Leaves, stalks and heads used for food. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12 | |
2199 | 151 | 157 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Bulbs rubbed in hot ashes and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 | |
2200 | 151 | 157 | 74 | 31 | 1 | Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 | |
2203 | 152 | 185 | 50 | 44 | 1 | Whole plant eaten raw. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 | |
2206 | 154 | 269 | 137 | 12 | 1 | Leaves, stalks and heads used for food. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12 | |
2208 | 155 | 183 | 153 | 102 | 1 | Bulbs roasted and used for food. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 | |
2209 | 155 | 183 | 153 | 102 | 1 | Seeded heads placed in hot ashes for a few minutes, seeds extracted and eaten. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 102 | |
2223 | 158 | 4 | 132 | 113 | 1 | Bulbs used sparingly. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 113 | |
2225 | 158 | 58 | 47 | 26 | 1 | Fresh leaves used for food. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 | |
2231 | 158 | 118 | 158 | 56 | 1 | Plant eaten raw, alone or with fish. | Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 56 | |
2233 | 158 | 255 | 36 | 15 | 1 | Stems and bulbs eaten raw, fried or boiled. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15 | |
2236 | 159 | 33 | 57 | 12 | 1 | Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12 | |
2237 | 159 | 33 | 57 | 45 | 1 | Species used for food. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 45 | |
2239 | 159 | 80 | 139 | 46 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 | |
2261 | 160 | 48 | 147 | 520 | 1 | Roasted bulbs used for food. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 520 | |
2268 | 160 | 134 | 78 | 6 | 1 | Species used for food. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 | |
2271 | 160 | 177 | 154 | 325 | 1 | Bulbs and tops eaten both raw and cooked. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325 | |
2272 | 160 | 185 | 50 | 44 | 1 | Stems rolled into a ball and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 | |
2275 | 160 | 226 | 44 | 100 | 1 | Bulbous roots cooked in pits and used for food. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100 | |
2276 | 160 | 250 | 144 | 343 | 1 | Roots used for food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343 | |
2281 | 162 | 125 | 156 | 50 | 1 | Bulbs eaten fresh or stored for future use. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 50 | |
2286 | 163 | 32 | 1 | 52 | 1 | Species used for food. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 | |
2287 | 163 | 32 | 161 | 251 | 1 | Young plants boiled, fried and eaten. | Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 251 | |
2299 | 164 | 137 | 89 | 323 | 1 | Bulbs and leaf bases fried and eaten. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 323 | |
2300 | 164 | 188 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Bulbs used for food. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 | |
2303 | 164 | 200 | 96 | 89 | 1 | Bulbs eaten raw or baked. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 89 | |
2304 | 164 | 287 | 69 | 86 | 1 | Bulbs eaten raw or fried. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 86 | |
2318 | 166 | 95 | 126 | 159 | 1 | Bulb used for food. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 159 | |
2326 | 168 | 21 | 53 | 202 | 2 | Cones used for medicine. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202 | |
2343 | 168 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 5 | Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 | |
2344 | 168 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 5 | Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 | |
2382 | 168 | 233 | 92 | 59 | 2 | Decoction of bark taken for the body. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59 | |
2383 | 168 | 233 | 92 | 59 | 5 | Used for buckskin dye. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59 | |
2400 | 169 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 5 | Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 | |
2401 | 169 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 5 | Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 | |
2416 | 170 | 21 | 9 | 55 | 2 | Cones used for an 'unspecified complaint.' | Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 | |
2427 | 170 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 5 | Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 | |
2428 | 170 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 5 | Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 | |
2434 | 170 | 78 | 166 | 152 | 2 | Bark and other plants used to make a salve. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 | |
2457 | 171 | 50 | 16 | 248 | 5 | Juice used as a dye. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 | |
2458 | 171 | 50 | 16 | 248 | 1 | Inner bark used for food. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 | |
2459 | 171 | 105 | 71 | 382 | 5 | Inner bark dried, ground, mixed with flour and water and used as a dye. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382 | |
2462 | 171 | 106 | 60 | 10 | 2 | Plant used as medicine. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 | |
2473 | 171 | 137 | 89 | 332 | 5 | Fresh bark used as a dye to color basket material and deerskins. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332 |