naeb
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
41296 | 4049 | 173 | 135 | 2226 | 1 | 75 | Pollen used for flour. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 |
20507 | 2212 | 105 | 70 | 35 | 1 | 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20508 | 2212 | 105 | 70 | 35 | 1 | 75 | Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20537 | 2212 | 266 | 70 | 35 | 1 | 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20544 | 2212 | 289 | 70 | 35 | 1 | 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20545 | 2212 | 289 | 70 | 35 | 1 | 75 | Acorns leached and ground into flour. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
32259 | 3272 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 75 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
21766 | 2360 | 144 | 100 | 154 | 1 | 75 | Pulverized seeds eaten as a dry meal. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 154 |
21780 | 2363 | 144 | 100 | 154 | 1 | 75 | Parched, pulverized seeds made into oily meal and readily picked up in lumps. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 154 |
17685 | 1969 | 144 | 100 | 158 | 1 | 75 | Eaten fresh, dried or ground into flour and used like acorn meal. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 158 |
13269 | 1415 | 200 | 96 | 86 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
16733 | 1843 | 200 | 96 | 86 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
16735 | 1844 | 200 | 96 | 86 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
26059 | 2833 | 200 | 96 | 86 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
6762 | 528 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21767 | 2360 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21770 | 2361 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21781 | 2363 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21785 | 2364 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21786 | 2364 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
32694 | 3312 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
32695 | 3312 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
36404 | 3557 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
43595 | 4199 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
43612 | 4203 | 200 | 96 | 87 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
26045 | 2832 | 200 | 96 | 89 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 89 |
26046 | 2832 | 200 | 96 | 89 | 1 | 75 | Tubers eaten raw, cooked or used for pinole. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 89 |
29947 | 3153 | 12 | 52 | 37 | 1 | 75 | Beans ground into flour, mixed with other plant foods and eaten. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 37 |
44026 | 4228 | 12 | 52 | 40 | 1 | 75 | Trunks pit cooked, pounded and made into flour. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 40 |
30018 | 3155 | 24 | 31 | 107 | 1 | 75 | Pods dried and ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
30062 | 3156 | 24 | 31 | 118 | 1 | 75 | Pod meal and water used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30063 | 3156 | 24 | 31 | 118 | 1 | 75 | Pods used as one of the important food staples. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30064 | 3156 | 24 | 31 | 118 | 1 | 75 | Ripe pods allowed to dry or picked after fully dried and ground into meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30878 | 3182 | 24 | 31 | 119 | 1 | 75 | Ground pit used as a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119 |
5862 | 412 | 24 | 31 | 135 | 1 | 75 | Seeds ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 135 |
36363 | 3555 | 24 | 31 | 136 | 1 | 75 | Parched seeds ground into a flour and used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
36383 | 3557 | 24 | 31 | 136 | 1 | 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour and used to make cakes or mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
36457 | 3561 | 24 | 31 | 136 | 1 | 75 | Parched seeds ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
37532 | 3614 | 24 | 31 | 139 | 1 | 75 | Roots ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
37533 | 3614 | 24 | 31 | 139 | 1 | 75 | Seeds eaten raw or ground into mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
39026 | 3847 | 24 | 31 | 141 | 1 | 75 | Seeds ground into flour and used to make mush and cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
41188 | 4049 | 24 | 31 | 142 | 1 | 75 | Dried roots ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142 |
4357 | 335 | 24 | 31 | 40 | 1 | 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4375 | 336 | 24 | 31 | 40 | 1 | 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4465 | 343 | 24 | 31 | 40 | 1 | 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
6173 | 441 | 24 | 31 | 43 | 1 | 75 | Seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43 |
12866 | 1353 | 24 | 31 | 49 | 1 | 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
14727 | 1607 | 24 | 31 | 49 | 1 | 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24567 | 2643 | 24 | 31 | 49 | 1 | 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24590 | 2647 | 24 | 31 | 49 | 1 | 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24592 | 2648 | 24 | 31 | 49 | 1 | 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24633 | 2654 | 24 | 31 | 49 | 1 | 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24649 | 2658 | 24 | 31 | 49 | 1 | 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24791 | 2669 | 24 | 31 | 49 | 1 | 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
9465 | 897 | 24 | 31 | 52 | 1 | 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
44679 | 4259 | 24 | 31 | 56 | 1 | 75 | Leached nutlet of the drupe ground into a flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56 |
14208 | 1544 | 24 | 31 | 72 | 1 | 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 72 |
16561 | 1821 | 24 | 31 | 76 | 1 | 75 | Dried seeds ground and mixed with flour from other seeds. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 76 |
24349 | 2633 | 24 | 31 | 94 | 1 | 75 | Roasted pods and seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
43953 | 4225 | 248 | 58 | 15 | 1 | 75 | Seeds dried, stored in baskets and ground into meal when needed. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
16569 | 1821 | 82 | 73 | 12 | 1 | 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16588 | 1821 | 135 | 73 | 12 | 1 | 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16628 | 1821 | 212 | 73 | 12 | 1 | 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
20719 | 2230 | 151 | 73 | 15 | 1 | 75 | Spring roots reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
20759 | 2234 | 151 | 73 | 15 | 1 | 75 | Spring roots eaten or reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
20760 | 2234 | 151 | 73 | 15 | 1 | 75 | Spring roots reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
21051 | 2252 | 151 | 73 | 15 | 1 | 75 | Spring roots reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
21064 | 2254 | 151 | 73 | 15 | 1 | 75 | Spring roots reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
573 | 29 | 238 | 73 | 16 | 1 | 75 | Sap boiled down in the spring and made into sugar. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16 |
28923 | 3064 | 151 | 73 | 18 | 1 | 75 | Parched seeds made into meal. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
30918 | 3182 | 151 | 73 | 19 | 1 | 75 | Fruit used as an important ingredient in the preparation of 'pemmican.' Pemmican was made by the Sioux and other tribes by mixing certain berries, such as the buffalo berry, the choke cherry and the sarvice berry with the fat of the buffalo, pounding up the whole which was then packed away in skins. Sometimes jerked buffalo was put into an oven to render it brittle, beaten up on a skin with these berries, some marrow fat being added to give consistency, and finally packed in skin bags. This was a regular article of commerce and highly prized by the old trappers and hunters for its portability as a condensed food and for its keeping qualities. Later the flesh and tallow of the ox was substituted for that of the buffalo and is still used to some extent. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
37387 | 3603 | 151 | 73 | 23 | 1 | 75 | Roots made into flour and used to make bread. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23 |
6891 | 549 | 151 | 73 | 8 | 1 | 75 | Roasted seeds ground into a flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8 |
9405 | 894 | 151 | 73 | 9 | 1 | 75 | Seeds ground into flour and made into bread. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9 |
35253 | 3485 | 50 | 16 | 249 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
21369 | 2306 | 50 | 16 | 250 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250 |
7646 | 661 | 50 | 16 | 251 | 1 | 75 | Seeds, in great quantities, used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251 |
36386 | 3557 | 50 | 16 | 253 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 253 |
16736 | 1845 | 50 | 16 | 254 | 1 | 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
19743 | 2119 | 50 | 16 | 254 | 1 | 75 | Seeds eaten in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
13043 | 1386 | 50 | 16 | 255 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
14753 | 1614 | 50 | 16 | 255 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
17404 | 1911 | 50 | 16 | 255 | 1 | 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
43591 | 4199 | 50 | 16 | 255 | 1 | 75 | Seeds eaten in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
43651 | 4211 | 50 | 16 | 255 | 1 | 75 | Seeds eaten in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
32309 | 3276 | 39 | 118 | 8 | 1 | 75 | Pounded acorns boiled and made into a meal. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8 |
32310 | 3276 | 39 | 118 | 8 | 1 | 75 | Pounded acorns used as cornmeal. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8 |
29970 | 3154 | 14 | 87 | 176 | 1 | 75 | Fresh pods pounded into a flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
27539 | 2959 | 14 | 87 | 185 | 1 | 75 | Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27540 | 2959 | 14 | 87 | 185 | 1 | 75 | Used as a staple food. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27787 | 2965 | 14 | 87 | 185 | 1 | 75 | Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27788 | 2965 | 14 | 87 | 185 | 1 | 75 | Used as a staple food. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
29950 | 3153 | 48 | 147 | 523 | 1 | 75 | Pods made into a meal and used for food. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 523 |
24605 | 2652 | 188 | 27 | 15 | 1 | 75 | Buds and joints used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
2887 | 202 | 188 | 27 | 17 | 1 | 75 | Roots used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17 |
26491 | 2892 | 188 | 27 | 17 | 1 | 75 | Used as a staple root crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17 |
8171 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 20 | 1 | 75 | Seeds made into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
38874 | 3823 | 188 | 27 | 22 | 1 | 75 | Seeds made into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
43915 | 4225 | 188 | 27 | 23 | 1 | 75 | Fruits used as an important staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23 |
30110 | 3158 | 188 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 75 | Beans ground into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25 |
26295 | 2868 | 188 | 27 | 32 | 1 | 75 | Used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32 |