naeb
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20051 | 2159 | 226 | 44 | 100 | 1 | 44 | Roots mixed with service berries, grease or fat added and boiled into a congealed mass. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100 |
32394 | 3285 | 206 | 43 | 100 | 1 | 44 | Dried, ground acorns used as a flour to make gruel. Hardwood ashes and water furnished the lye for soaking the acorns, to swell them and remove the tannic acid. A bark bag or reticule served to hold the acorns while they were washed through a series of hot and cold water to remove the lye. Then they were dried in the sun and became perfectly sweet and palatable. They were ground on depressions of rocks which served as a mortar with a stone pestle, to a flour, which was cooked as a gruel, sometimes called samp. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 100 |
27361 | 2949 | 259 | 10 | 101 | 1 | 44 | Parched seeds pounded in a mortar to make a flour and mixed with water to form a mush. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 101 |
20748 | 2233 | 115 | 66 | 102 | 1 | 44 | Mashed and boiled roots made into mush. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102 |
27797 | 2965 | 24 | 31 | 102 | 1 | 44 | Roasted, shelled nuts eaten whole or ground and made into mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
28087 | 2972 | 24 | 31 | 102 | 1 | 44 | Roasted, shelled nuts eaten whole or ground and made into mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
28054 | 2968 | 259 | 10 | 104 | 1 | 44 | Seeds and whitebark pine seeds placed in a bag, pounded into a powder, mixed with water and eaten. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
30017 | 3155 | 24 | 31 | 107 | 1 | 44 | Pod meal and water used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
22549 | 2431 | 200 | 80 | 11 | 1 | 44 | Raw roots pounded like pinole. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
6921 | 549 | 183 | 98 | 117 | 1 | 44 | Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and used to make mush. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117 |
16612 | 1821 | 183 | 98 | 117 | 1 | 44 | Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and used to make mush. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117 |
20520 | 2212 | 200 | 80 | 12 | 1 | 44 | Leached acorns used for mush. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
20521 | 2212 | 200 | 80 | 12 | 1 | 44 | Moldy acorns mixed with whitened dried acorns and made into a mush. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
31837 | 3251 | 24 | 31 | 121 | 1 | 44 | Cooked acorns used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31932 | 3255 | 24 | 31 | 121 | 1 | 44 | Cooked acorns used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31994 | 3257 | 24 | 31 | 121 | 1 | 44 | Cooked acorns used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32182 | 3270 | 24 | 31 | 121 | 1 | 44 | Cooked acorns used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
43236 | 4148 | 46 | 125 | 129 | 1 | 44 | Ripe seeds parched, ground into flour and boiled with corn to make mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 129 |
33023 | 3350 | 24 | 31 | 131 | 1 | 44 | Berries ground into a flour for mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
8223 | 757 | 229 | 29 | 134 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground to a powder and made into a meal or paste. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134 |
25277 | 2724 | 229 | 29 | 134 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground to a powder and made into a meal or paste. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134 |
38889 | 3823 | 229 | 29 | 134 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground to a powder and made into a meal or paste. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134 |
395 | 15 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 1 | 44 | Beans ground into a meal, mixed with water or sea lion oil and eaten. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
24372 | 2633 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 1 | 44 | Beans ground into a meal, mixed with water or sea lion oil and eaten. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
29999 | 3154 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 1 | 44 | Beans ground into a meal, mixed with water or sea lion oil and eaten. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
36375 | 3556 | 24 | 31 | 136 | 1 | 44 | Parched seeds ground into flour, mixed with other seeds and used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
2900 | 204 | 19 | 129 | 139 | 1 | 44 | Ripe, mashed fruit added to water to form a paste and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
30870 | 3182 | 19 | 129 | 139 | 1 | 44 | Ripe, mashed fruit added to water to form a paste and eaten without cooking. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
27895 | 2965 | 276 | 198 | 14 | 1 | 44 | Nuts used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A., 1917, The Washoe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(1):1-52, page 14 |
40640 | 4013 | 24 | 31 | 141 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground into a mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
31982 | 3256 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 44 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32213 | 3270 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 44 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32592 | 3295 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 44 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
40815 | 4037 | 24 | 31 | 142 | 1 | 44 | Parched seeds ground into flour and used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142 |
41187 | 4049 | 24 | 31 | 142 | 1 | 44 | Pollen used to make cakes and mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142 |
43417 | 4175 | 24 | 31 | 144 | 1 | 44 | Fruit used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 144 |
43551 | 4190 | 24 | 31 | 145 | 1 | 44 | Fruit and seed ground into a flour and used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145 |
1115 | 46 | 15 | 45 | 149 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, mixed with meal and water and eaten as mush. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
7432 | 608 | 15 | 45 | 149 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, mixed with meal and water and eaten as mush. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
23528 | 2543 | 15 | 45 | 149 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, mixed with meal and water and eaten as mush. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
38773 | 3805 | 15 | 45 | 149 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, mixed with meal and water and eaten as mush. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
6758 | 528 | 65 | 85 | 15 | 1 | 44 | Moistened, hulled kernels boiled and eaten as hot cereal. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 15 |
21784 | 2364 | 200 | 80 | 15 | 1 | 44 | Parched, pulverized seeds eaten as pinole & meal moistened to keep people from choking on dry meal. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 15 |
6755 | 527 | 144 | 100 | 152 | 1 | 44 | Parched, stone-boiled seeds pulverized and eaten as a mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 152 |
44361 | 4244 | 24 | 31 | 153 | 1 | 44 | Ground into a meal, boiled and eaten. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 153 |
1143 | 46 | 159 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 44 | Seeds finely ground and cooked into a mush with milk or water. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16 |
8114 | 752 | 158 | 106 | 16 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, cooked into a mush and eaten. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 16 |
11891 | 1201 | 183 | 111 | 16 | 1 | 44 | Tubers made into meal and cooked as cereal. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 16 |
43928 | 4225 | 193 | 58 | 16 | 1 | 44 | Dried fruit made into cakes, ground and cooked with cornmeal to make gruel. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16 |
9388 | 894 | 95 | 126 | 160 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 160 |
9491 | 899 | 95 | 126 | 161 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161 |
9521 | 903 | 95 | 126 | 161 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161 |
11803 | 1178 | 95 | 126 | 161 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161 |
11804 | 1178 | 95 | 126 | 161 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161 |
23405 | 2519 | 95 | 126 | 161 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161 |
23406 | 2519 | 95 | 126 | 161 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161 |
23407 | 2519 | 95 | 126 | 161 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 161 |
2709 | 186 | 95 | 126 | 162 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds used to make mush. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
38790 | 3806 | 159 | 18 | 17 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds alone or with corn made into mush or bread. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17 |
38801 | 3810 | 159 | 18 | 17 | 1 | 44 | Ground seeds alone or with corn made into mush or bread. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17 |
20513 | 2212 | 199 | 109 | 170 | 1 | 44 | Acorns used to make mush. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 170 |
7716 | 673 | 33 | 39 | 172 | 1 | 44 | Dried bulbs pounded fine and meal boiled into a sweet porridge or mush. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 172 |
20514 | 2212 | 199 | 109 | 172 | 1 | 44 | Acorns used to make mush. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 172 |
29969 | 3154 | 14 | 87 | 176 | 1 | 44 | Dried beans pounded into flour and mixed into a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
8146 | 757 | 14 | 87 | 178 | 1 | 44 | Seeds roasted, ground and mixed with water to make a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178 |
24804 | 2670 | 14 | 87 | 180 | 1 | 44 | Seeds roasted, mixed with corn and meal moistened with water and salt before eating. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 180 |
26032 | 2832 | 33 | 39 | 182 | 1 | 44 | Dried roots cooked and used as a mush by pouring soup over them. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 182 |
16676 | 1833 | 14 | 87 | 184 | 1 | 44 | Seeds made into meal, mixed with corn meal and boiled with salt into a cereal. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
27538 | 2959 | 14 | 87 | 185 | 1 | 44 | Pinon and corn flour mixed and cooked into a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27786 | 2965 | 14 | 87 | 185 | 1 | 44 | Pinon and corn flour mixed and cooked into a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
6691 | 508 | 288 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds boiled to make a mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
9345 | 886 | 44 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds dried, ground and made into mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
12917 | 1365 | 44 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds parched, ground and the flour cooked into a mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
12923 | 1366 | 288 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds pounded, winnowed, ground, made into mush and used to cook with fish. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
13545 | 1433 | 44 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds parched, ground and the flour cooked into a mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
13827 | 1486 | 44 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds parched, ground and the flour cooked into a mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
20497 | 2212 | 83 | 109 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Acorns used to make mush. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187 |
24352 | 2633 | 44 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds roasted, ground and made into mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
25490 | 2746 | 44 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds roasted, ground and made into mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
25497 | 2747 | 44 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Seeds roasted, ground and made into mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
32526 | 3292 | 147 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 44 | Acorns used to make mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
1112 | 46 | 14 | 87 | 189 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and water and made into a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189 |
7429 | 608 | 14 | 87 | 189 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and water and made into a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189 |
23525 | 2543 | 14 | 87 | 189 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and water and made into a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189 |
38771 | 3805 | 14 | 87 | 189 | 1 | 44 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and water and made into a mush. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 189 |
13979 | 1499 | 158 | 106 | 19 | 1 | 44 | Seeds made into a mush and used for food. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 19 |
30444 | 3170 | 128 | 24 | 194 | 1 | 44 | Sun dried fruit kernels made into a flour and cooked in an earthen vessel. The sun dried fruit kernels were extracted from the shells, made into a flour and then leached to remove the bitterness. The flour was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to remove the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
31847 | 3251 | 128 | 24 | 194 | 1 | 44 | Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
31951 | 3255 | 128 | 24 | 194 | 1 | 44 | Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32014 | 3257 | 128 | 24 | 194 | 1 | 44 | Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32033 | 3261 | 128 | 24 | 194 | 1 | 44 | Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32200 | 3270 | 128 | 24 | 194 | 1 | 44 | Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32584 | 3295 | 128 | 24 | 194 | 1 | 44 | Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
33170 | 3352 | 128 | 24 | 195 | 1 | 44 | Berries ground into a meal and used for food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 195 |
35421 | 3488 | 158 | 106 | 20 | 1 | 44 | Seeds made into a mush and used for food. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 20 |
38792 | 3808 | 95 | 184 | 20 | 1 | 44 | Seeds threshed, ground with corn into fine meal and used to make a mush. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 |
20500 | 2212 | 98 | 109 | 200 | 1 | 44 | Acorns used to make mush. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200 |
21410 | 2314 | 288 | 125 | 204 | 1 | 44 | Berries washed, boiled, strained, mashed and wheat added to make mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
21423 | 2315 | 288 | 125 | 204 | 1 | 44 | Berries washed, boiled, strained, mashed and wheat added to make mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
26496 | 2894 | 136 | 125 | 204 | 1 | 44 | Berries boiled to produce liquid and combined with wheat mush. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
41412 | 4049 | 288 | 125 | 207 | 1 | 44 | Pollen boiled in water into a thin gruel. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 207 |