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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4659 | 347 | 255 | 36 | 10 | 2 | 36 | Raw berries eaten as a laxative. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10 |
33793 | 3403 | 193 | 11 | 100 | 2 | 36 | Beans eaten for constipation. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 100 |
25625 | 2767 | 193 | 11 | 104 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of plant or dried plant taken as a laxative. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 104 |
9198 | 873 | 90 | 68 | 11 | 2 | 36 | Buds or leaves chewed by nursing mothers as a laxative. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11 |
28417 | 3001 | 50 | 16 | 11 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of roots taken for constipation. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 11 |
10470 | 1047 | 175 | 32 | 111 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaves and stalks taken for constipation and to 'clean out your system.' | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
10471 | 1047 | 175 | 32 | 111 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
17926 | 1996 | 175 | 32 | 111 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaves and stalks taken for constipation and to 'clean out your system.' | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
17927 | 1996 | 175 | 32 | 111 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
33386 | 3361 | 166 | 101 | 113 | 2 | 36 | Berries eaten in quantity as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 113 |
15111 | 1648 | 166 | 101 | 115 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of spring or early summer bark taken as a mild but effective laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115 |
15115 | 1648 | 175 | 32 | 120 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark taken as a mild laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
37 | 2 | 7 | 67 | 124 | 2 | 36 | Needles used to make a laxative tea. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
31055 | 3187 | 183 | 12 | 125126 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of plant taken for constipation. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126 |
31068 | 3187 | 232 | 12 | 125126 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of plant taken for constipation. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126 |
26885 | 2934 | 7 | 67 | 126 | 2 | 36 | Gum chewed as a laxative. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
31710 | 3231 | 185 | 50 | 126 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of sun dried leaves taken to vomit and move the bowels for stomachaches and constipation. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 126 |
19486 | 2099 | 8 | 113 | 129 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of young branches used as a laxative. | Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
25960 | 2827 | 90 | 68 | 13 | 2 | 36 | Buds chewed by the mother and given to the newborn infant as a laxative. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 13 |
15072 | 1645 | 24 | 31 | 131 | 2 | 36 | Dried, ground bark used for constipation. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
15073 | 1645 | 24 | 31 | 131 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of berries taken as a laxative. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
34496 | 3453 | 175 | 32 | 131 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of roots taken for constipation. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
43000 | 4127 | 138 | 176 | 131 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of root taken as a mild laxative. | Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131 |
36259 | 3551 | 183 | 12 | 133-136 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of young twigs with salt taken as a laxative. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
8590 | 807 | 38 | 15 | 136 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken for constipation with bloating and shortness of breath. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
36631 | 3566 | 24 | 31 | 138 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of roots used for constipation. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
7798 | 685 | 75 | 177 | 14 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaves taken for constipation. | Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 14 |
15067 | 1644 | 200 | 80 | 14 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of bark taken for constipation. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
12496 | 1298 | 38 | 15 | 141 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark taken for constipation. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 141 |
2387 | 169 | 7 | 67 | 153 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of inner bark taken as a laxative. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 153 |
28494 | 3004 | 157 | 141 | 154 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of seeds given to babies when they 'spoil' (colic or constipation). | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154 |
22923 | 2458 | 15 | 45 | 158 | 2 | 36 | Powdered roots used for constipation. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
44136 | 4230 | 157 | 141 | 164 | 2 | 36 | Plant used as a laxative. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 164 |
2682 | 178 | 90 | 68 | 17 | 2 | 36 | Plant, other plants & water taken as a laxative & an appetizer for acute pain in stomach or bowels. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17 |
41066 | 4043 | 210 | 25 | 17 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of plants taken as a laxative. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
27186 | 2938 | 88 | 14 | 175 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of dried bough tips taken for constipation. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
2875 | 201 | 33 | 57 | 18 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken for constipation. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 18 |
14560 | 1582 | 131 | 5 | 18 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 18 |
24802 | 2670 | 14 | 87 | 180 | 2 | 36 | Boiled roots used as laxative for babies and small children. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 180 |
14779 | 1620 | 71 | 64 | 187 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of plant taken as a laxative. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 187 |
21872 | 2370 | 259 | 10 | 187 | 2 | 36 | Fruit considered an 'excellent laxative.' | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
21931 | 2374 | 259 | 10 | 187 | 2 | 36 | Fruit considered an 'excellent laxative.' | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
14328 | 1558 | 228 | 88 | 188 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of roots or berries used for horse sickness: nausea, constipation and blocked urination. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 188 |
37297 | 3589 | 228 | 88 | 188 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of bark used for horse sickness: nausea, constipation and blocked urination. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 188 |
8845 | 832 | 228 | 88 | 189 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of roots or berries used for horse sickness: nausea, constipation and blocked urination. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 189 |
43215 | 4143 | 50 | 16 | 19 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of roots used as a laxative. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 19 |
26128 | 2837 | 228 | 88 | 198 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198 |
27156 | 2938 | 21 | 53 | 198 | 2 | 36 | Cambium eaten as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
42929 | 4118 | 228 | 88 | 198 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaf taken for bear sickness: fever, headache, thirst, constipation & blocked urination. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 198 |
256 | 6 | 60 | 30 | 2 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of crushed needles used for constipation. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
39106 | 3849 | 259 | 10 | 200 | 2 | 36 | Sap from young shoots used as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 200 |
42674 | 4105 | 86 | 14 | 201 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of cleaned, sliced, dried and boiled roots used as a laxative. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 201 |
12591 | 1317 | 7 | 67 | 202 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of inner bark taken as a laxative tea. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 202 |
15083 | 1648 | 21 | 53 | 208 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark taken as a strong laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208 |
37912 | 3658 | 259 | 10 | 209 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of twigs and sticks used as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
12082 | 1238 | 89 | 2 | 210 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of blades taken as a laxative. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 210 |
5754 | 407 | 225 | 44 | 217 | 2 | 36 | Various infusions of leaves, stems and seed pods taken as laxatives. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 217 |
24470 | 2640 | 87 | 14 | 217 | 2 | 36 | Decoction or infusion taken as a laxative. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 217 |
31712 | 3231 | 225 | 44 | 217 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of crushed berries used for constipation. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 217 |
21971 | 2376 | 89 | 2 | 219 | 2 | 36 | Cooled decoction of roots taken as a laxative for colds and stomach ailments. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219 |
15047 | 1644 | 50 | 16 | 22 | 2 | 36 | Dried, ground inner bark used as a laxative. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 22 |
31624 | 3229 | 89 | 2 | 223 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of green branches, sagebrush and juniper used as a laxative for colds. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223 |
8298 | 763 | 139 | 21 | 224 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark taken 'to make the bowels loose.' | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224 |
39752 | 3930 | 89 | 2 | 229 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of leaves taken one to three times a day to act as a laxative. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229 |
5532 | 404 | 101 | 76 | 23 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of leaves thickened with sugar and used for constipation. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
25692 | 2780 | 139 | 21 | 230 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of root used for chronic constipation. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 230 |
22097 | 2381 | 139 | 21 | 230231 | 2 | 36 | Compound containing root used to loosen the bowels. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 230231 |
13471 | 1425 | 173 | 8 | 231 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
23318 | 2508 | 173 | 8 | 231 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
37043 | 3572 | 173 | 8 | 231 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
15256 | 1659 | 139 | 21 | 233 | 2 | 36 | Compound infusion of wood used to loosen the bowels. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
36627 | 3566 | 7 | 67 | 236 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark scraped downward and used as a laxative. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 236 |
11755 | 1166 | 33 | 57 | 24 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of rind taken as a laxative. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 24 |
32777 | 3325 | 139 | 21 | 241 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of bark taken for constipation. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241 |
71 | 2 | 134 | 93 | 244 | 2 | 36 | Juice used as a laxative. | Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244 |
35886 | 3532 | 139 | 21 | 245 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of root used for flux and giving enemas. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 245 |
43004 | 4127 | 139 | 21 | 247 | 2 | 36 | Root used for constipation and fits. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 247 |
26801 | 2931 | 32 | 161 | 251 | 2 | 36 | Plant used in a side dish with laxative properties. | Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 251 |
2000 | 128 | 58 | 47 | 26 | 2 | 36 | Stem base taken for constipation. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
12631 | 1319 | 106 | 60 | 26 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of plant taken as a laxative. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26 |
37948 | 3664 | 90 | 68 | 26 | 2 | 36 | Chewed flowers given to infants and children as a laxative. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 26 |
35192 | 3482 | 86 | 14 | 260 | 2 | 36 | Plant used as a laxative. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 260 |
15089 | 1648 | 87 | 14 | 262 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark used as a laxative. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262 |
24219 | 2610 | 133 | 3 | 264 | 2 | 36 | Bark used as a mild laxative. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 264 |
30860 | 3181 | 259 | 10 | 264 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of branches, sometimes with red willow branches & wild rose roots, taken as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264 |
30377 | 3166 | 133 | 3 | 266 | 2 | 36 | Bark used as a laxative. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266 |
28111 | 2974 | 100 | 7 | 267 | 2 | 36 | Pitch taken as a laxative. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 267 |
161 | 5 | 121 | 63 | 268 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of pitch taken as a tonic and laxative. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
162 | 5 | 121 | 63 | 268 | 2 | 36 | Pitch and catfish oil taken for constipation. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
22242 | 2391 | 133 | 3 | 268 | 2 | 36 | Bark of larger trees used as a laxative. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 268 |
2339 | 168 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
2396 | 169 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
2423 | 170 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
6336 | 447 | 32 | 1 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Seeds or root used as gentle laxative. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27 |
11504 | 1146 | 101 | 76 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaves taken or fresh leaves eaten as a laxative. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
35584 | 3510 | 100 | 7 | 273 | 2 | 36 | Compound decoction taken for constipation. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 273 |
42711 | 4105 | 121 | 63 | 273 | 2 | 36 | Large, fleshy roots held in the mouth as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 273 |
3777 | 297 | 23 | 42 | 276 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of root taken as a laxative. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
20998 | 2246 | 121 | 63 | 276 | 2 | 36 | Seeds eaten for constipation. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276 |
24490 | 2640 | 121 | 63 | 278 | 2 | 36 | Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for constipation. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
11641 | 1162 | 90 | 68 | 28 | 2 | 36 | Fruits mixed with water and used for internal cleaning of the bowels. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 28 |