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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44664 | 4258 | 89 | 164 | 102 | 3 | 17 | Branch used to make a planting stick. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 102 |
30724 | 3181 | 23 | 26 | 104 | 3 | 17 | Sticks used to dig roots. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
5657 | 407 | 115 | 66 | 105 | 3 | 17 | Dead stems used as twirling sticks. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
6520 | 484 | 175 | 32 | 105 | 3 | 17 | Used to wipe off the turpentine like juice from the inside of stripped pine bark. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105 |
29889 | 3142 | 24 | 31 | 107 | 3 | 17 | Hooked thorns used as a tool in mending baskets and broken pottery. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
30030 | 3155 | 24 | 31 | 107 | 3 | 17 | Thorns used to puncture the skin for tattooing. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
26393 | 2875 | 175 | 32 | 108 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108 |
5246 | 397 | 23 | 26 | 109 | 3 | 17 | Plant made into balls and used as molds to make rattles. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109 |
1593 | 71 | 200 | 80 | 11 | 3 | 17 | Stem inserted in a pierced ear lobe to keep the wound from closing. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
11394 | 1124 | 151 | 73 | 11 | 3 | 17 | Wood used for making 'camas sticks' for digging these and other roots. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11 |
39565 | 3902 | 259 | 10 | 111 | 3 | 17 | Wood 'hardened' in the fire and used to make wedges, axe handles and digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
41087 | 4043 | 259 | 10 | 111 | 3 | 17 | Broken boughs used by the handful like a bath brush. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
39080 | 3849 | 183 | 98 | 112 | 3 | 17 | Sharpened stem used as a root digging stick. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 112 |
9813 | 935 | 183 | 98 | 115 | 3 | 17 | Peeled stems used for piercing ears in preparation for wearing earrings. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
13668 | 1454 | 183 | 98 | 115 | 3 | 17 | Peeled stems used for piercing ears in preparation for wearing earrings. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
15112 | 1648 | 166 | 101 | 115 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make D-adze handles. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115 |
23195 | 2504 | 23 | 26 | 115 | 3 | 17 | Dried flowerheads used to apply water to a green hide to make it easier to scrape the hide. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115 |
37523 | 3611 | 259 | 10 | 116 | 3 | 17 | Grass formerly used to cut a newborn baby's umbilical cord. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 116 |
30066 | 3156 | 24 | 31 | 118 | 3 | 17 | Long branch made into a mescal cutter to sever agave leaves. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
39516 | 3902 | 166 | 101 | 118 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks for harvesting pacific cinquefoil roots. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118 |
5734 | 407 | 183 | 98 | 119 | 3 | 17 | Wood used for drills, hearths and tinder in the creation of fire by friction. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119 |
18342 | 2038 | 200 | 80 | 12 | 3 | 17 | Used to hold drilled clamshell beads in place when rolled on a stone slab to smooth them. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
27669 | 2959 | 159 | 18 | 12 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make sharp sticks for perforating buckskin and various other tools. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
3014 | 204 | 175 | 32 | 120 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks and seed beaters. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
22263 | 2391 | 166 | 101 | 121 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 121 |
39533 | 3902 | 202 | 40 | 121 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121 |
15393 | 1672 | 87 | 14 | 125 | 3 | 17 | Plant used with an open fire to steam heat kerfed boards to bend into red cedar bentwood boxes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 125 |
17343 | 1904 | 175 | 32 | 126 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 126 |
10512 | 1055 | 38 | 15 | 127 | 3 | 17 | Sprigs used to sprinkle water on the hot stones of the vapor bath. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127 |
5646 | 407 | 106 | 60 | 13 | 3 | 17 | Bitter wood used as a head scratcher by menstruating women. Any other kind of wood would cause the hair to fall out and the face to wrinkle. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
5647 | 407 | 106 | 60 | 13 | 3 | 17 | Tarlike lac gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
5648 | 407 | 106 | 60 | 13 | 3 | 17 | Used as preferred material for foreshaft of composite drill for the fire making. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
29320 | 3097 | 175 | 32 | 134 | 3 | 17 | Thin board of wood placed at the top of a cradle to flatten a child's head. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 134 |
29645 | 3106 | 175 | 32 | 134 | 3 | 17 | Logs used to scrape deer hides. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 134 |
8224 | 757 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
25278 | 2724 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
38890 | 3823 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
40341 | 3959 | 38 | 15 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make spiles for drawing out maple sap from trees into buckets during sugar making time. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
24192 | 2604 | 38 | 15 | 138 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make awl handles, mauls and war clubs because it would not split or check. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 138 |
8190 | 757 | 189 | 151 | 14 | 3 | 17 | Trunks used to make cactus fruit picking poles. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 14 |
436 | 22 | 259 | 10 | 145 | 3 | 17 | Wood used in making implement handles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145 |
43557 | 4190 | 24 | 31 | 145 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used for flailing and hulling dried seeds. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145 |
8181 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 15 | 3 | 17 | Giant ribs split in two and used as wooden tongs for gathering cholla joints and buds. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
2515 | 172 | 105 | 70 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Water soaked stems used for lashing in the sweat house. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 16 |
9317 | 882 | 255 | 36 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Stem used to draw the pus out of a boil or cut. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
19874 | 2126 | 255 | 36 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used as a switch in the sweathouse. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
39459 | 3902 | 53 | 25 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used to make wedges for splitting logs and digging sticks for roots and clams. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39544 | 3902 | 210 | 25 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used to make digging sticks for roots and clams. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39553 | 3902 | 221 | 25 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used to make wedges for splitting logs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39559 | 3902 | 253 | 25 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used to make wedges for splitting logs and digging sticks for roots and clams. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
37149 | 3586 | 95 | 126 | 162 | 3 | 17 | Used to make planting sticks and poorer boomerangs. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
37150 | 3586 | 95 | 126 | 162 | 3 | 17 | Used to make planting sticks and poorer boomerangs. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
1796 | 93 | 14 | 87 | 169 | 3 | 17 | Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1829 | 94 | 14 | 87 | 169 | 3 | 17 | Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1830 | 94 | 14 | 87 | 169 | 3 | 17 | Stalk fashioned into hoe handles. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
15549 | 1696 | 290 | 109 | 169 | 3 | 17 | Wood hardened by fire and used for mussel bars to pry the mussels off the rocks. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 169 |
4199 | 322 | 105 | 70 | 17 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used to test the temperature of pitch used in canoe construction. The pitch was ready to use when the leaf turned black. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
5603 | 406 | 255 | 36 | 17 | 3 | 17 | Used as a steambath switch. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17 |
8637 | 808 | 269 | 137 | 17 | 3 | 17 | Sharpened twigs used to pierce roasted pinons. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 17 |
10106 | 987 | 228 | 88 | 172 | 3 | 17 | Stems used to make medicine tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
26620 | 2901 | 228 | 88 | 172 | 3 | 17 | Stems used to make medicine tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
36768 | 3566 | 228 | 88 | 172 | 3 | 17 | Stems used to make medicine tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
27184 | 2938 | 87 | 14 | 175 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make a bark peeling tool. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
27185 | 2938 | 87 | 14 | 175 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
27488 | 2954 | 86 | 14 | 178 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make maul heads. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178 |
27491 | 2954 | 87 | 14 | 178 | 3 | 17 | Smoldering twigs used to singe and trim hair. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 178 |
6367 | 448 | 95 | 72 | 18 | 3 | 17 | Used as a planting stick. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18 |
27931 | 2968 | 23 | 146 | 18 | 3 | 17 | Twigs used as twirling sticks in fire making. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18 |
27981 | 2968 | 151 | 73 | 18 | 3 | 17 | Twigs used for twirling sticks in fire production. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
44484 | 4244 | 159 | 18 | 18 | 3 | 17 | Cobs used by pottery makers to smooth the pottery. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18 |
40982 | 4043 | 88 | 14 | 180 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40983 | 4043 | 88 | 14 | 180 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make mallets. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
39470 | 3902 | 88 | 14 | 187 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187 |
40206 | 3951 | 209 | 25 | 19 | 3 | 17 | Used to make the spindle for spinning mountain-goat wool. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
39454 | 3902 | 41 | 99 | 195 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
39446 | 3902 | 21 | 53 | 198 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make adze handles, bark scrapers and wedges. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
27039 | 2934 | 255 | 36 | 2 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make boats, boat paddles, shovels, skin stretchers and wedges for chopping wood. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
386 | 15 | 188 | 27 | 20 | 3 | 17 | Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
19683 | 2102 | 188 | 27 | 20 | 3 | 17 | Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
438 | 23 | 21 | 53 | 200 | 3 | 17 | Straight sticks tied around a tree base, ignited and burned until the tree fell. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200 |
3504 | 262 | 21 | 53 | 200 | 3 | 17 | Hollow stems used to make breathing tubes for hiding under water when in danger. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200 |
13360 | 1422 | 89 | 2 | 204 | 3 | 17 | Joints pulled apart and used by children to produce a whistling sound. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 204 |
27558 | 2959 | 89 | 2 | 205 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make the knife for trimming mescal heads. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
27816 | 2965 | 89 | 2 | 205 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make the knife for trimming mescal heads. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
23727 | 2576 | 166 | 3 | 206 | 3 | 17 | Enlarged upper portion of the stipes used as steam boxes for making halibut hooks. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206 |
471 | 24 | 87 | 14 | 209 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make axe handles. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209 |
6779 | 531 | 128 | 24 | 209 | 3 | 17 | Wood used for drilling fires. A small hole was made in a flat, extremely dry stick. The drill, a short piece of wood, was inserted into the hole and twirled to form the dust which would ignite if conditions were dry and favorable. No tinder was used. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 209 |
11037 | 1102 | 60 | 30 | 21 | 3 | 17 | Branches used to make forks for sweatlodge rocks. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21 |
11068 | 1102 | 120 | 30 | 21 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make pelt stretchers. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21 |
27301 | 2939 | 157 | 74 | 21 | 3 | 17 | Twigs used as beaters to make a high, stiff, lasting lather of yucca roots and water. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27638 | 2959 | 157 | 74 | 21 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make loom poles, beams and uprights used in the construction of looms. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
43818 | 4225 | 89 | 2 | 212 | 3 | 17 | Terminal spines used as needles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 |
32070 | 3263 | 89 | 2 | 215 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make handles for implements, such as hoes and axes. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
32522 | 3292 | 89 | 2 | 215 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make the hoe and axe handles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
35793 | 3527 | 89 | 2 | 215 | 3 | 17 | Used to make tongs for removing cactus fruit. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
29687 | 3090 | 159 | 18 | 22 | 3 | 17 | Used to make fire drills. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
32092 | 3263 | 159 | 18 | 22 | 3 | 17 | Wood sticks notched by sheepherders to keep track of the days they have worked. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
32093 | 3263 | 159 | 18 | 22 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make axe handles, hoe handles, digging sticks and weaving tools. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
35974 | 3539 | 159 | 18 | 22 | 3 | 17 | Stem used to make loom frames. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
3160 | 216 | 89 | 2 | 222 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make the spindle of the fire drill. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222 |
8635 | 808 | 145 | 109 | 223 | 3 | 17 | Wood made into the slender needle used in piercing the ear lobe of young girls. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |