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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31987 | 3256 | 282 | 181 | 249 | 1 | 2 | Acorn flour used to make bread. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
20503 | 2212 | 105 | 70 | 35 | 1 | 2 | Acorn paste made into patties and baked in hot coals. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
31835 | 3251 | 24 | 31 | 121 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31930 | 3255 | 24 | 31 | 121 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31992 | 3257 | 24 | 31 | 121 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32180 | 3270 | 24 | 31 | 121 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31981 | 3256 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a meal and used to make bread and biscuits. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32212 | 3270 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a meal and used to make bread and biscuits. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32257 | 3272 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a meal and used to make bread and biscuits. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32455 | 3289 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a meal and used to make bread and biscuits. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32591 | 3295 | 144 | 100 | 142 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into a meal and used to make bread and biscuits. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
32610 | 3250 | 15 | 45 | 148 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into flour and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 148 |
32094 | 3263 | 160 | 81 | 374 | 1 | 2 | Acorns ground into flour, soaked in water and baked to make a bread. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 374 |
31946 | 3255 | 106 | 60 | 56 | 1 | 2 | Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31970 | 3256 | 106 | 60 | 56 | 1 | 2 | Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32008 | 3257 | 106 | 60 | 56 | 1 | 2 | Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32149 | 3266 | 106 | 60 | 56 | 1 | 2 | Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32195 | 3270 | 106 | 60 | 56 | 1 | 2 | Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32248 | 3272 | 106 | 60 | 56 | 1 | 2 | Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32602 | 3296 | 106 | 60 | 56 | 1 | 2 | Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32432 | 3289 | 49 | 89 | 333 | 1 | 2 | Acorns made into bread and eaten. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 333 |
20532 | 2212 | 230 | 149 | 308 | 1 | 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
31958 | 3255 | 230 | 149 | 308 | 1 | 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
32143 | 3265 | 230 | 149 | 308 | 1 | 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
32232 | 3270 | 230 | 149 | 308 | 1 | 2 | Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
20516 | 2212 | 200 | 96 | 67 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make black bread. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 67 |
20499 | 2212 | 98 | 109 | 200 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread, biscuits, pancakes and cake. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200 |
20496 | 2212 | 83 | 109 | 187 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187 |
20512 | 2212 | 199 | 109 | 172 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 172 |
20517 | 2212 | 200 | 109 | 290 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
31956 | 3255 | 200 | 109 | 290 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
32131 | 3265 | 137 | 89 | 343 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 343 |
32136 | 3265 | 200 | 109 | 290 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
32205 | 3270 | 137 | 89 | 342 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342 |
32208 | 3270 | 140 | 109 | 327 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 327 |
32222 | 3270 | 200 | 109 | 290 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
32261 | 3272 | 200 | 109 | 290 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
32523 | 3292 | 97 | 127 | 11 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 11 |
20542 | 2212 | 289 | 70 | 35 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make dough. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20538 | 2212 | 287 | 69 | 88 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make pancakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
32262 | 3272 | 200 | 96 | 67 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make white and black bread. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 67 |
32223 | 3270 | 200 | 96 | 67 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make white bread. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 67 |
43867 | 4225 | 157 | 74 | 32 | 1 | 2 | Baked or dried fruits ground, made into small cakes and roasted again. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32 |
620 | 32 | 100 | 112 | 119 | 1 | 2 | Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
652 | 34 | 100 | 112 | 119 | 1 | 2 | Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
687 | 35 | 100 | 112 | 119 | 1 | 2 | Bark dried, pounded, sifted and made into bread. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
29938 | 3153 | 11 | 95 | 41 | 1 | 2 | Bean flour made into pancakes and bread. Beans were gathered, boiled, pounded on a hide or ground on a metate, placed in a pan and worked with the hands until a thick consistency was attained. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
29986 | 3154 | 131 | 5 | 57 | 1 | 2 | Bean pods ground into flour and used to make cakes and tarts. | Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 57 |
30142 | 3158 | 193 | 11 | 93 | 1 | 2 | Beans boiled, cooled, pressed out into dumplings and eaten. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
29952 | 3153 | 101 | 76 | 39 | 1 | 2 | Beans ground into a flour and used to make bread. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
30035 | 3155 | 65 | 85 | 32 | 1 | 2 | Beans ground into a meal and used to make cakes. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 32 |
26309 | 2871 | 32 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 2 | Beans used to make bean bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
26334 | 2873 | 32 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 2 | Beans used to make bean bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
23487 | 2532 | 32 | 86 | 48 | 1 | 2 | Berries and poke berries crushed, strained, mixed with sugar and corn meal and made into dumplings. | Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 48 |
33392 | 3361 | 217 | 23 | 84 | 1 | 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33494 | 3368 | 217 | 23 | 84 | 1 | 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33518 | 3371 | 217 | 23 | 84 | 1 | 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33569 | 3375 | 217 | 23 | 84 | 1 | 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33625 | 3378 | 217 | 23 | 84 | 1 | 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33713 | 3394 | 217 | 23 | 84 | 1 | 2 | Berries boiled, dried into rectangular cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
15682 | 1703 | 217 | 23 | 83 | 1 | 2 | Berries boiled, poured into frames, sun or fire dried into cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83 |
41977 | 4071 | 4 | 132 | 107 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42042 | 4077 | 4 | 132 | 107 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42139 | 4082 | 4 | 132 | 107 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42398 | 4088 | 4 | 132 | 107 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked in muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
34950 | 3470 | 21 | 53 | 209 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked, dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
30241 | 3160 | 38 | 4 | 321 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
30594 | 3177 | 38 | 4 | 321 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
33751 | 3397 | 38 | 4 | 321 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
34424 | 3449 | 38 | 4 | 321 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
34522 | 3454 | 38 | 4 | 321 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
15625 | 1703 | 21 | 53 | 204 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried in cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
42002 | 4072 | 88 | 14 | 244 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42007 | 4073 | 88 | 14 | 244 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42056 | 4077 | 88 | 14 | 244 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42003 | 4072 | 112 | 14 | 335 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335 |
42008 | 4073 | 112 | 14 | 335 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335 |
42167 | 4082 | 112 | 14 | 334 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 334 |
42168 | 4082 | 112 | 14 | 335 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335 |
42422 | 4088 | 112 | 14 | 335 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried into cakes and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 335 |
34850 | 3463 | 217 | 23 | 87 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried into cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
3039 | 204 | 259 | 10 | 253 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried into cakes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
3081 | 207 | 226 | 44 | 101 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried whole or mashed, formed into cakes and dried. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 101 |
41978 | 4071 | 4 | 132 | 107 | 1 | 2 | Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
42140 | 4082 | 4 | 132 | 107 | 1 | 2 | Berries eaten raw or cooked in pies, puddings and muffins. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 107 |
34589 | 3457 | 21 | 53 | 209 | 1 | 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
42151 | 4082 | 21 | 53 | 205 | 1 | 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
42306 | 4085 | 21 | 53 | 205 | 1 | 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
42390 | 4087 | 133 | 3 | 310 | 1 | 2 | Berries formerly dried into cakes. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 310 |
30975 | 3183 | 10 | 61 | 47 | 1 | 2 | Berries ground and meal made into sweet, blackish cakes. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47 |
11778 | 1171 | 157 | 121 | 22 | 1 | 2 | Berries ground into a meal and mixed with bread dough. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 22 |
30674 | 3178 | 12 | 52 | 48 | 1 | 2 | Berries ground, formed into cakes and dried. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 48 |
4439 | 340 | 19 | 129 | 138 | 1 | 2 | Berries made into flour, molded into cakes and stored for later use. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 138 |
11362 | 1123 | 175 | 32 | 124 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed and dried into thin, hard cakes. Sometimes the cakes were decorated. The dried cakes were eaten as a snack on winter evenings and were used as crackers to dip into deer marrow soup to soak up the fat. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 124 |
11395 | 1124 | 175 | 32 | 123 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed and formed into cakes, dried and eaten like cookies. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 123 |
35080 | 3472 | 217 | 23 | 88 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed, dried in cakes, placed in hot water and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 88 |
15626 | 1703 | 41 | 99 | 200 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed, dried in cakes, soaked, dipped in oil and eaten. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200 |
34640 | 3457 | 217 | 23 | 87 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed, dried in rectangular frames and cakes used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
15637 | 1703 | 114 | 25 | 43 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15643 | 1703 | 133 | 25 | 43 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15677 | 1703 | 209 | 25 | 43 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed, dried, made into cakes, dipped in whale or seal oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |