naeb
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6226 | 442 | 151 | 73 | 7 | 3 | 17 | 'Milk' from the broken stems used in cases of emergency for branding stock temporarily. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
35668 | 3520 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35772 | 3525 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35906 | 3534 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
39488 | 3902 | 105 | 71 | 379 | 3 | 17 | Bark used as the handle for stone knives. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
5646 | 407 | 106 | 60 | 13 | 3 | 17 | Bitter wood used as a head scratcher by menstruating women. Any other kind of wood would cause the hair to fall out and the face to wrinkle. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
39058 | 3849 | 122 | 63 | 280 | 3 | 17 | Branch tips ignited and used for cauterizing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280 |
44664 | 4258 | 89 | 164 | 102 | 3 | 17 | Branch used to make a planting stick. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 102 |
36235 | 3551 | 157 | 74 | 38 | 3 | 17 | Branches made into heddle sticks and used in weaving. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
36236 | 3551 | 157 | 74 | 38 | 3 | 17 | Branches made into hoops and used inside the buckskin sack of a bellows. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
32413 | 3289 | 11 | 95 | 35 | 3 | 17 | Branches used to dig out crowns of the mescal plants. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 35 |
11037 | 1102 | 60 | 30 | 21 | 3 | 17 | Branches used to make forks for sweatlodge rocks. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 21 |
33145 | 3352 | 102 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 17 | Branches used to make hoe handles. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
10933 | 1097 | 100 | 59 | 54 | 3 | 17 | Branches used to stretch rat skins while drying. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 54 |
41087 | 4043 | 259 | 10 | 111 | 3 | 17 | Broken boughs used by the handful like a bath brush. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
23726 | 2576 | 166 | 101 | 52 | 3 | 17 | Bulbs used for curving and molding halibut hooks. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 52 |
16160 | 1770 | 255 | 36 | 8 | 3 | 17 | Bunches placed on trees as trail markers. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8 |
5059 | 394 | 50 | 16 | 254 | 3 | 17 | Burned branches used to smoke bees from nests. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
44484 | 4244 | 159 | 18 | 18 | 3 | 17 | Cobs used by pottery makers to smooth the pottery. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18 |
44476 | 4244 | 157 | 74 | 27 | 3 | 17 | Cobs used to beat leather while dyeing. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
44526 | 4244 | 257 | 61 | 78 | 3 | 17 | Cobs used to make handles and holders. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
32467 | 3289 | 157 | 74 | 40 | 3 | 17 | Concave hole in wood used as a die to make metallic hemispheres for beads and sunflower blossoms. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40 |
16136 | 1768 | 89 | 2 | 231 | 3 | 17 | Cotton twisted into thread, braided into a thick cord and used in the strike-a-light. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 231 |
385 | 15 | 188 | 27 | 69 | 3 | 17 | Curved rods used for fleshing and dehairing animal skins. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
5657 | 407 | 115 | 66 | 105 | 3 | 17 | Dead stems used as twirling sticks. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
5662 | 407 | 151 | 73 | 7 | 3 | 17 | Dead twigs used for a twirling stick in fire making. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
26915 | 2934 | 58 | 47 | 48 | 3 | 17 | Dead, standing trees used to make a moose hide stretcher. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
23195 | 2504 | 23 | 26 | 115 | 3 | 17 | Dried flowerheads used to apply water to a green hide to make it easier to scrape the hide. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115 |
8224 | 757 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
25278 | 2724 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
38890 | 3823 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
29351 | 3097 | 259 | 10 | 276 | 3 | 17 | Dried root used as a drill in making friction fires. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276 |
8948 | 842 | 107 | 79 | 35 | 3 | 17 | Dried sticks used as spindles for fire by friction. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
23727 | 2576 | 166 | 3 | 206 | 3 | 17 | Enlarged upper portion of the stipes used as steam boxes for making halibut hooks. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206 |
39472 | 3902 | 92 | 41 | 48 | 3 | 17 | Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength, such as needles. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
39473 | 3902 | 92 | 41 | 48 | 3 | 17 | Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength; wedges & mat pressers. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
39474 | 3902 | 92 | 41 | 48 | 3 | 17 | Extremely strong and resilient wood used to make sticks for prying open mussels and chitons. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
44122 | 4230 | 107 | 79 | 76 | 3 | 17 | Flower stalks used as spindles to start fire by friction. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76 |
24368 | 2633 | 193 | 11 | 93 | 3 | 17 | Formerly used to make shovels. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
24361 | 2633 | 188 | 27 | 31 | 3 | 17 | Four foot sticks with sharp points used as digging sticks. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 31 |
8180 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 51 | 3 | 17 | Four needles tied in a row and used as piercing instruments for tattooing. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51 |
8181 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 15 | 3 | 17 | Giant ribs split in two and used as wooden tongs for gathering cholla joints and buds. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
37523 | 3611 | 259 | 10 | 116 | 3 | 17 | Grass formerly used to cut a newborn baby's umbilical cord. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 116 |
19594 | 2101 | 106 | 60 | 36 | 3 | 17 | Gumlike substance gathered into a ball, softened in fire and shaped into awl and knife handles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 36 |
26414 | 2875 | 259 | 10 | 230 | 3 | 17 | Hard wood used for making knitting needles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 230 |
8973 | 843 | 105 | 71 | 384 | 3 | 17 | Hard wood used to make digging sticks. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384 |
8906 | 841 | 151 | 73 | 9 | 3 | 17 | Hard, enduring wood used for making 'camas sticks.' | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9 |
44094 | 4230 | 61 | 17 | 71 | 3 | 17 | Hard, sharp-pointed blades bound with sinew and used in place of wood to make the fire drill. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
3504 | 262 | 21 | 53 | 200 | 3 | 17 | Hollow stems used to make breathing tubes for hiding under water when in danger. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200 |
29889 | 3142 | 24 | 31 | 107 | 3 | 17 | Hooked thorns used as a tool in mending baskets and broken pottery. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
13360 | 1422 | 89 | 2 | 204 | 3 | 17 | Joints pulled apart and used by children to produce a whistling sound. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 204 |
19654 | 2102 | 187 | 163 | 84 | 3 | 17 | Lac used to make awl handles. | Kirk, R.E., 1952, Panamint Basketry, Masterkey 26(76-86):, page 84 |
13538 | 1431 | 202 | 40 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Leafless, fertile stems used as sandpaper in smoothing arrow shafts and drill shafts. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 58 |
43557 | 4190 | 24 | 31 | 145 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used for flailing and hulling dried seeds. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145 |
43727 | 4217 | 166 | 101 | 87 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used for trimming the edges of mats. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87 |
43994 | 4225 | 291 | 6 | 78 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used to make cincture pads for supporting water vases upon the head. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78 |
4199 | 322 | 105 | 70 | 17 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used to test the temperature of pitch used in canoe construction. The pitch was ready to use when the leaf turned black. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 17 |
6903 | 549 | 175 | 32 | 80 | 3 | 17 | Leaves wrapped around young boy's feet to practice walking silently and carefully in the woods. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 80 |
27287 | 2939 | 67 | 152 | 34 | 3 | 17 | Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, tool handles and other utilitarian objects. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
29645 | 3106 | 175 | 32 | 134 | 3 | 17 | Logs used to scrape deer hides. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 134 |
30066 | 3156 | 24 | 31 | 118 | 3 | 17 | Long branch made into a mescal cutter to sever agave leaves. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
9574 | 912 | 24 | 31 | 53 | 3 | 17 | Long limbs used as sticks to reach fruits and nuts too high to grasp by hand. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
40022 | 3951 | 92 | 41 | 35 | 3 | 17 | Long, dried kindling tied with cedar bark & used as torch to burn out excess wood in making a canoe. There is a story about Deer and the Chickadees in which Deer was using such a bundle of cedar pieces while making a canoe. He became so absorbed in watching the dancing of the Chickadees that he burned right through the bottom of the canoe. Turner's informant Alice Paul pointed out that a deer is still like that--when he sees anything moving, he stares at it. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
4907 | 375 | 281 | 109 | 264 | 3 | 17 | Nuts used by children in play for blowing. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
15230 | 1658 | 106 | 60 | 32 | 3 | 17 | Peeled pole, ten or more feet in length, used to knock down pinyon cones. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
9813 | 935 | 183 | 98 | 115 | 3 | 17 | Peeled stems used for piercing ears in preparation for wearing earrings. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
13668 | 1454 | 183 | 98 | 115 | 3 | 17 | Peeled stems used for piercing ears in preparation for wearing earrings. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
8182 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 70 | 3 | 17 | Perforations bored in sticks and used to smooth rough cords. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70 |
29353 | 3097 | 289 | 70 | 47 | 3 | 17 | Pitch used to apply soot in the tattooing process. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 47 |
33391 | 3361 | 209 | 25 | 32 | 3 | 17 | Pithless stems used as tubes to inflate seal paunches made into oil containers. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 32 |
5246 | 397 | 23 | 26 | 109 | 3 | 17 | Plant made into balls and used as molds to make rattles. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109 |
9064 | 857 | 228 | 88 | 496 | 3 | 17 | Plant used as a bed for ripening persimmons. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 496 |
5931 | 417 | 228 | 88 | 495 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make blowing tubes used for working melted silver. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 495 |
37757 | 3655 | 228 | 88 | 504 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make fire fans. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 504 |
39430 | 3899 | 228 | 88 | 471 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make heddles, mortars and pestles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 471 |
10105 | 987 | 228 | 88 | 498 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make medicine blowing tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 498 |
26619 | 2901 | 228 | 88 | 495 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make medicine blowing tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 495 |
36767 | 3566 | 228 | 88 | 505 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make medicine blowing tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505 |
17337 | 1904 | 167 | 41 | 72 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make needles and harpoons. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72 |
17313 | 1904 | 92 | 41 | 72 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make needles for sewing tule and basket sedge. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72 |
23562 | 2556 | 228 | 88 | 468 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make pestles and axe handles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 468 |
32583 | 3294 | 228 | 88 | 493 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make pestles and cane mills. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 493 |
37960 | 3667 | 228 | 88 | 494 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make pestles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 494 |
8773 | 823 | 228 | 88 | 489 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make squirting tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 489 |
6519 | 484 | 175 | 32 | 28 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to wipe the juice from the lodgepole pine bark before the cambium was scraped off. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
15393 | 1672 | 87 | 14 | 125 | 3 | 17 | Plant used with an open fire to steam heat kerfed boards to bend into red cedar bentwood boxes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 125 |
8183 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 62 | 3 | 17 | Ribs used as the larger of the two pieces of twisters used to make rope. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 62 |
8184 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 69 | 3 | 17 | Ribs used for the handles of skin scrapers. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
8185 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 53 | 3 | 17 | Ribs used to make several kinds of light tools. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53 |
40414 | 3966 | 200 | 89 | 305 | 3 | 17 | Rigid, sharp-pointed leaves formerly used as needles to prick pitch soot into the skin in tattooing. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305 |
8634 | 808 | 140 | 109 | 328 | 3 | 17 | Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
8662 | 813 | 140 | 109 | 328 | 3 | 17 | Rods used to make burden baskets, broad shallow scoops and deep spoon shaped scoops with handles. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
36097 | 3550 | 105 | 71 | 381 | 3 | 17 | Roots used as a fire drill. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
36059 | 3547 | 105 | 71 | 381 | 3 | 17 | Roots used to make the fire drill. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
429 | 22 | 241 | 25 | 40 | 3 | 17 | Saplings used to make salmon tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
8083 | 746 | 92 | 41 | 50 | 3 | 17 | Sharp edged leaves used by men for shaving. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 50 |
1862 | 96 | 157 | 195 | 94 | 3 | 17 | Sharp pointed leaf tips used to make basketry awls. | Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94 |
11441 | 1131 | 173 | 20 | 422 | 3 | 17 | Sharp thorns used for sewing awls on finer work such as buckskin sewing with sinew. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
39080 | 3849 | 183 | 98 | 112 | 3 | 17 | Sharpened stem used as a root digging stick. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 112 |
8637 | 808 | 269 | 137 | 17 | 3 | 17 | Sharpened twigs used to pierce roasted pinons. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 17 |
32211 | 3270 | 140 | 109 | 328 | 3 | 17 | Shoots split into strands and used for twining the rods of baskets and scoops. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |