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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
37 | 2 | 7 | 67 | 124 | 2 | 36 | Needles used to make a laxative tea. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
71 | 2 | 134 | 93 | 244 | 2 | 36 | Juice used as a laxative. | Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244 |
89 | 2 | 141 | 35 | 53 | 2 | 36 | Buds used as a laxative. | Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
134 | 4 | 32 | 1 | 34 | 2 | 36 | Taken 'to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
161 | 5 | 121 | 63 | 268 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of pitch taken as a tonic and laxative. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
162 | 5 | 121 | 63 | 268 | 2 | 36 | Pitch and catfish oil taken for constipation. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
256 | 6 | 60 | 30 | 2 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of crushed needles used for constipation. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
337 | 8 | 78 | 9 | 51 | 2 | 36 | Juicy inner bark taken for constipation. | Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
584 | 31 | 100 | 7 | 378 | 2 | 36 | Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 378 |
915 | 38 | 175 | 32 | 74 | 2 | 36 | Decoction or roots and scarlet gilia leaves taken as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
1017 | 42 | 80 | 139 | 50 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of plant taken as a mild laxative. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
1205 | 55 | 33 | 57 | 7 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 7 |
1428 | 60 | 32 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 36 | Infusion taken for constipation. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30 |
1508 | 67 | 24 | 31 | 30 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of dried leaves taken for stomach ailments by inducing bowel movements or vomiting. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 30 |
1909 | 106 | 175 | 32 | 74 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
1990 | 127 | 90 | 68 | 56 | 2 | 36 | Nut oil used to make a very strong laxative. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 56 |
2000 | 128 | 58 | 47 | 26 | 2 | 36 | Stem base taken for constipation. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
2339 | 168 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
2387 | 169 | 7 | 67 | 153 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of inner bark taken as a laxative. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 153 |
2396 | 169 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
2423 | 170 | 58 | 47 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Bark removed by scraping downwards used as a laxative. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
2433 | 170 | 78 | 9 | 55 | 2 | 36 | Crushed pistillate catkins eaten raw as a laxative. | Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 55 |
2682 | 178 | 90 | 68 | 17 | 2 | 36 | Plant, other plants & water taken as a laxative & an appetizer for acute pain in stomach or bowels. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 17 |
2875 | 201 | 33 | 57 | 18 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken for constipation. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 18 |
2906 | 204 | 23 | 26 | 65 | 2 | 36 | Berry juice taken as a mild laxative. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
3393 | 255 | 183 | 65 | 317 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317 |
3777 | 297 | 23 | 42 | 276 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of root taken as a laxative. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
3800 | 297 | 100 | 7 | 415 | 2 | 36 | Roots used as a laxative. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 415 |
4659 | 347 | 255 | 36 | 10 | 2 | 36 | Raw berries eaten as a laxative. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10 |
5532 | 404 | 101 | 76 | 23 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of leaves thickened with sugar and used for constipation. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
5577 | 406 | 67 | 152 | 38 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of seed heads and plant tops used as a laxative. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
5672 | 407 | 158 | 106 | 45 | 2 | 36 | Plant used for constipation. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 45 |
5754 | 407 | 225 | 44 | 217 | 2 | 36 | Various infusions of leaves, stems and seed pods taken as laxatives. | Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 217 |
6047 | 422 | 175 | 32 | 74 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
6156 | 438 | 32 | 1 | 44 | 2 | 36 | Plant taken as a laxative. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
6166 | 440 | 32 | 1 | 44 | 2 | 36 | Plant taken for as a laxative. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
6279 | 446 | 32 | 1 | 44 | 2 | 36 | Plant taken as a laxative. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
6336 | 447 | 32 | 1 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Seeds or root used as gentle laxative. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 27 |
6428 | 459 | 23 | 26 | 66 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of plant used as an enema for babies with colic or intestinal troubles. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66 |
7621 | 653 | 90 | 68 | 47 | 2 | 36 | Beans ground and taken as a laxative by infants, children and adults. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 47 |
7798 | 685 | 75 | 177 | 14 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaves taken for constipation. | Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 14 |
8298 | 763 | 139 | 21 | 224 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark taken 'to make the bowels loose.' | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224 |
8590 | 807 | 38 | 15 | 136 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken for constipation with bloating and shortness of breath. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
8820 | 830 | 131 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of plants taken for constipation caused by stomach fevers. | Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 8 |
8845 | 832 | 228 | 88 | 189 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of roots or berries used for horse sickness: nausea, constipation and blocked urination. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 189 |
8964 | 842 | 257 | 61 | 45 | 2 | 36 | Cold infusion of plant or leaves taken as a laxative. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45 |
9198 | 873 | 90 | 68 | 11 | 2 | 36 | Buds or leaves chewed by nursing mothers as a laxative. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 11 |
9219 | 877 | 193 | 11 | 99 | 2 | 36 | Roots chewed to loosen bowels for stomach troubles and constipation. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 99 |
9262 | 882 | 23 | 26 | 66 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots and inner cortex given to babies as an enema for constipation. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66 |
9275 | 882 | 67 | 152 | 36 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of old, dry leaves used as a laxative. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 36 |
9361 | 892 | 32 | 1 | 59 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of blooms taken as a laxative. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
9678 | 916 | 100 | 7 | 407 | 2 | 36 | Compound decoction of roots taken as a laxative. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 407 |
9748 | 922 | 273 | 89 | 319 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of bulbs taken as a laxative. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319 |
9927 | 953 | 95 | 37 | 34, 95-96 | 2 | 36 | Plant used as a laxative. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 34, 95-96 |
10470 | 1047 | 175 | 32 | 111 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaves and stalks taken for constipation and to 'clean out your system.' | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
10471 | 1047 | 175 | 32 | 111 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
10474 | 1049 | 90 | 68 | 47 | 2 | 36 | Flesh and other plants pounded, squeezed and resulting liquid taken as a laxative. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 47 |
10800 | 1089 | 100 | 7 | 402 | 2 | 36 | Compound decoction of roots taken as a laxative. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 402 |
10911 | 1096 | 129 | 25 | 42 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of bark taken as a laxative. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 42 |
11334 | 1122 | 23 | 26 | 66 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of dried berries taken during the winter as a mild laxative. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66 |
11504 | 1146 | 101 | 76 | 27 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of leaves taken or fresh leaves eaten as a laxative. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
11636 | 1161 | 257 | 61 | 63 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of pulverized root taken as a laxative. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 63 |
11641 | 1162 | 90 | 68 | 28 | 2 | 36 | Fruits mixed with water and used for internal cleaning of the bowels. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 28 |
11755 | 1166 | 33 | 57 | 24 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of rind taken as a laxative. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 24 |
12082 | 1238 | 89 | 2 | 210 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of blades taken as a laxative. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 210 |
12231 | 1244 | 269 | 137 | 59 | 2 | 36 | Plant used for constipation. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59 |
12496 | 1298 | 38 | 15 | 141 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark taken for constipation. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 141 |
12520 | 1302 | 90 | 68 | 55 | 2 | 36 | Leaves chewed by mothers and fed to children as a laxative. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 55 |
12521 | 1302 | 90 | 68 | 55 | 2 | 36 | Shoot chewed and swallowed as a laxative. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 55 |
12591 | 1317 | 7 | 67 | 202 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of inner bark taken as a laxative tea. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 202 |
12607 | 1317 | 100 | 7 | 388 | 2 | 36 | Decoction or infusion of smashed roots or bark taken as a laxative. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 388 |
12631 | 1319 | 106 | 60 | 26 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of plant taken as a laxative. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 26 |
13181 | 1407 | 89 | 164 | 285 | 2 | 36 | Used to make a draught and taken to clear the bowels. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 285 |
13293 | 1421 | 32 | 1 | 39 | 2 | 36 | Strong infusion taken for constipation. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39 |
13346 | 1422 | 32 | 1 | 39 | 2 | 36 | Strong infusion taken for constipation. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 39 |
13471 | 1425 | 173 | 8 | 231 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
13831 | 1487 | 97 | 127 | 48 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of leaves taken as a laxative. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 48 |
14328 | 1558 | 228 | 88 | 188 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of roots or berries used for horse sickness: nausea, constipation and blocked urination. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 188 |
14501 | 1580 | 100 | 7 | 456 | 2 | 36 | Compound decoction of flowers and leaves taken as a laxative. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 456 |
14543 | 1581 | 32 | 1 | 38 | 2 | 36 | Used as a laxative. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 38 |
14560 | 1582 | 131 | 5 | 18 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. | Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 18 |
14631 | 1595 | 100 | 7 | 462 | 2 | 36 | Compound decoction of roots taken to loosen the bowels for venereal disease. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 462 |
14779 | 1620 | 71 | 64 | 187 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of plant taken as a laxative. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 187 |
15047 | 1644 | 50 | 16 | 22 | 2 | 36 | Dried, ground inner bark used as a laxative. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 22 |
15055 | 1644 | 106 | 60 | 58 | 2 | 36 | Ripe berries eaten as a laxative. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58 |
15067 | 1644 | 200 | 80 | 14 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of bark taken for constipation. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
15069 | 1644 | 202 | 40 | 39 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of bark stored for a whole year and taken for constipation. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 39 |
15070 | 1644 | 202 | 40 | 39 | 2 | 36 | Fresh berries eaten as a laxative. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 39 |
15072 | 1645 | 24 | 31 | 131 | 2 | 36 | Dried, ground bark used for constipation. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
15073 | 1645 | 24 | 31 | 131 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of berries taken as a laxative. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
15083 | 1648 | 21 | 53 | 208 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark taken as a strong laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208 |
15085 | 1648 | 53 | 25 | 40 | 2 | 36 | Bark used as a laxative. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
15088 | 1648 | 81 | 25 | 40 | 2 | 36 | Bark used as a laxative. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
15089 | 1648 | 87 | 14 | 262 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of bark used as a laxative. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262 |
15092 | 1648 | 92 | 41 | 71 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of bark, infusion of bark or chewed bark used as a laxative. It was believed that the bigger the tree, the stronger the medicine. Thick bark from the larger trees was used if a very strong dose was required; thin bark from young trees was used for a mild dose. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
15095 | 1648 | 114 | 25 | 40 | 2 | 36 | Bark used as a laxative. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
15101 | 1648 | 121 | 63 | 288 | 2 | 36 | Decoction of dried bark taken as a laxative. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288 |
15102 | 1648 | 129 | 25 | 40 | 2 | 36 | Bark used as a laxative. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
15104 | 1648 | 133 | 25 | 40 | 2 | 36 | Bark used as a laxative. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
15105 | 1648 | 133 | 3 | 286 | 2 | 36 | Used as a laxative. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 286 |
15111 | 1648 | 166 | 101 | 115 | 2 | 36 | Infusion of spring or early summer bark taken as a mild but effective laxative. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115 |