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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2335 | 168 | 38 | 15 | 128 | 5 | 136 | Bark boiled to make a bright red dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128 |
2336 | 168 | 38 | 4 | 371 | 5 | 136 | Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make a red dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
2349 | 168 | 76 | 30 | 5 | 5 | 136 | Bark used to make a flaming red hair dye. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
2367 | 168 | 157 | 74 | 39 | 5 | 136 | Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants. The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany. Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material. To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen. This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight. This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
2379 | 168 | 206 | 43 | 116 | 5 | 136 | Bark used to obtain a red dye. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116 |
2436 | 170 | 101 | 76 | 21 | 5 | 136 | Root bark, mountain mahogany root bark and wild plum root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21 |
2437 | 170 | 102 | 28 | 20 | 5 | 136 | Bark, mountain mahogany bark and birch bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
2439 | 170 | 107 | 79 | 25 | 5 | 136 | Soaked bark rubbed on buckskin as a red dye. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
2445 | 170 | 157 | 74 | 39 | 5 | 136 | Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants. The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany. Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material. To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen. This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight. This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
2453 | 170 | 257 | 61 | 38 | 5 | 136 | Bark dried, finely ground, boiled, cooled and used as a red dye for deerskin. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 38 |
2480 | 171 | 273 | 89 | 332 | 5 | 136 | Fresh bark formerly chewed and used as a red dye to color fishermen's bodies for successful fishing. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 332 |
2482 | 172 | 21 | 53 | 202 | 5 | 136 | Bark used to make a red dye for cedar bark. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202 |
2508 | 172 | 92 | 41 | 62 | 5 | 136 | Boiled, steeped bark used as a red dye for cedar bark and other items. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
2529 | 172 | 122 | 63 | 296 | 5 | 136 | Bark used to make a red dye. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
2549 | 172 | 166 | 101 | 79 | 5 | 136 | Formerly used to make red basket dyes. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79 |
2550 | 172 | 166 | 101 | 98 | 5 | 136 | Infusion of crushed bark used to make different shades of red dye. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
2558 | 172 | 181 | 14 | 86 | 5 | 136 | Bark used to make a red dye. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86 |
2589 | 172 | 259 | 10 | 188 | 5 | 136 | Bark boiled in water to make a red dye and used for mountain goat wool, cloth and other items. The dye was used to color mountain goat wool and other cloth and to deepen the color of basket materials such as bitter cherry bark. Skins were tanned and dyed simultaneously by soaking them in a cooled solution of the bark. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
2590 | 172 | 259 | 33 | 501 | 5 | 136 | Bark used as a red dye. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501 |
2594 | 172 | 281 | 109 | 264 | 5 | 136 | Inner bark chewed and used as a dull red dye. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
2737 | 188 | 95 | 126 | 162 | 5 | 136 | Flowers used to color bread red for certain dances. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
2738 | 188 | 95 | 126 | 162 | 5 | 136 | Flowers used to color bread red for certain dances. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
6401 | 452 | 90 | 68 | 14 | 5 | 136 | Juice used as a red dye. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 14 |
6643 | 503 | 159 | 18 | 24 | 5 | 136 | Leaf and twig ash used to intensify red color of buckskin dye. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
7133 | 579 | 102 | 28 | 21 | 5 | 136 | Bark, mountain mahogany bark and alder bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 21 |
7162 | 580 | 38 | 4 | 370 | 5 | 136 | Inner bark boiled, cedar ashes added and used to make a red dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 370 |
7231 | 580 | 173 | 20 | 425 | 5 | 136 | Innermost bark boiled to extract a reddish dye. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
8897 | 841 | 89 | 2 | 222 | 5 | 136 | Inner bark used as a red dye for buckskin. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222 |
8940 | 842 | 101 | 76 | 25 | 5 | 136 | Root bark, alder root bark and wild plum root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
8941 | 842 | 102 | 28 | 20 | 5 | 136 | Bark, alder bark and birch bark boiled together and used as red dye to paint moccasins. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
8943 | 842 | 107 | 79 | 35 | 5 | 136 | Roots used as a red dye for buckskin. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
8961 | 842 | 159 | 18 | 30 | 5 | 136 | Used as a red dye for baskets. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
8986 | 844 | 108 | 90 | 562 | 5 | 136 | Used to make a red dye for staining moccasins. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 562 |
9483 | 898 | 206 | 43 | 117 | 5 | 136 | Fruit heads used as rouge to paint on clan marks or to heighten the color of cheeks and lips. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 117 |
9485 | 898 | 259 | 33 | 502 | 5 | 136 | Calyx crushed and red stain used on the face, body, clothes, wood and skins. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502 |
10723 | 1081 | 32 | 105 | 74 | 5 | 136 | Whole plant used to give a red coloring. | Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
10725 | 1082 | 32 | 1 | 59 | 5 | 136 | Used to make a red dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
10727 | 1083 | 15 | 45 | 156 | 5 | 136 | Used as a dark, rich red dye. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
10733 | 1083 | 291 | 6 | 80 | 5 | 136 | Blossoms used with other flowers as a mahogany red dye for yarn. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 80 |
11024 | 1102 | 38 | 4 | 370 | 5 | 136 | Inner bark boiled, cedar ashes added and used to make a red dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 370 |
11025 | 1102 | 38 | 4 | 370 | 5 | 136 | Outer bark boiled, cedar ashes added and used to make a red dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 370 |
11802 | 1178 | 95 | 37 | 74 | 5 | 136 | Seeds used to produce a pink dye. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
12084 | 1239 | 50 | 16 | 250 | 5 | 136 | Roots used as a red dye. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250 |
12648 | 1323 | 175 | 32 | 117 | 5 | 136 | Flowers mashed and smeared on arrows to color them pink. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
13290 | 1421 | 23 | 26 | 112 | 5 | 136 | Crushed stems used as a light pink dye for porcupine quills. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112 |
15489 | 1684 | 54 | 146 | 53 | 5 | 136 | Decoction of roots used as a red dye for porcupine quills. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53 |
15491 | 1684 | 80 | 139 | 50 | 5 | 136 | Root used as a red dye and set with alum. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
15514 | 1689 | 141 | 182 | 254 | 5 | 136 | Roots used to make a red dye for porcupine quills. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 254 |
16596 | 1821 | 157 | 74 | 87 | 5 | 136 | Outer seed coatings boiled and used as a dull, dark red dye. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
18773 | 2059 | 157 | 74 | 19 | 5 | 136 | Wood ash, mountain mahogany and black alder used as a red dye for buckskin. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19 |
19312 | 2078 | 188 | 27 | 69 | 5 | 136 | Roots peeled, cut, split, boiled and used as a red dye for buckskins. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
19313 | 2078 | 188 | 27 | 48 | 5 | 136 | Roots used as a red dye for garments. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 48 |
19314 | 2078 | 188 | 27 | 60 | 5 | 136 | Used to dye cotton red. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60 |
20555 | 2215 | 38 | 4 | 371 | 5 | 136 | Dried or pulverized roots boiled and used to make a red dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
23084 | 2493 | 157 | 74 | 46 | 5 | 136 | Petals boiled for about fifteen minutes and used as a light red dye. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46 |
24179 | 2602 | 39 | 118 | 14 | 5 | 136 | Burned bark and red oak ash added to water and used as a red dye. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14 |
24761 | 2667 | 157 | 74 | 65 | 5 | 136 | Dead, ripe fruits used to make a cardinal dye. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65 |
24762 | 2667 | 157 | 74 | 65 | 5 | 136 | Fruit used to dye wool pink. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 65 |
24920 | 2688 | 23 | 146 | 53 | 5 | 136 | Leaves crushed and pressed firmly into skins, horsehair and feathers as a red dye. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 53 |
24921 | 2688 | 23 | 42 | 276 | 5 | 136 | Plant pounded and pressed firmly into the gopher skin as a red dye. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
27592 | 2959 | 102 | 28 | 26 | 5 | 136 | Gum from old and new trees used as a red paint for jars and bowls. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
28337 | 2990 | 65 | 85 | 30 | 5 | 136 | Red coating on outside leaves and lower stems used as a red pigment to paint the body and face. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 30 |
28339 | 2991 | 137 | 89 | 382 | 5 | 136 | Matter at the base of young leaves used by women and children to stain their cheeks crimson. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 382 |
29358 | 3098 | 33 | 57 | 36 | 5 | 136 | Brown, gummy leaf buds scratched and used to make a red dye. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36 |
30239 | 3160 | 38 | 4 | 371 | 5 | 136 | Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make a red dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
30260 | 3160 | 101 | 76 | 40 | 5 | 136 | Root bark, alder root bark and mountain mahogany root bark used to make a red dye for buckskin. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40 |
30275 | 3160 | 157 | 74 | 54 | 5 | 136 | Roots used as a red dye for wool. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 54 |
30985 | 3183 | 80 | 139 | 48 | 5 | 136 | Fruit used to make a dark red dye. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
32427 | 3289 | 38 | 4 | 370 | 5 | 136 | Inner bark boiled, cedar ashes added and used to make a red dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 370 |
32519 | 3291 | 39 | 118 | 14 | 5 | 136 | Burned bark and black gum ash added to water and used as a red dye. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 14 |
32560 | 3294 | 96 | 49 | 56 | 5 | 136 | Roots and bark boiled to make a red basket dye. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56 |
32565 | 3294 | 131 | 5 | 55 | 5 | 136 | Bark blended with other oak barks and roots and used to make a red dye for buckskins. | Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 55 |
32702 | 3314 | 173 | 20 | 426 | 5 | 136 | Entire plant boiled to yield a red coloring dye and bur oak added to set the color. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
32713 | 3315 | 138 | 51 | 79 | 5 | 136 | Boiled root used for red coloring. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 79 |
32886 | 3345 | 32 | 1 | 57 | 5 | 136 | Berries used to make red dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
32913 | 3347 | 32 | 1 | 57 | 5 | 136 | Berries used to make red dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
32923 | 3347 | 38 | 15 | 135 | 5 | 136 | Fruit used to make a dull, red dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135 |
33106 | 3352 | 61 | 91 | 367 | 5 | 136 | Ripe, red fruits boiled with another plant to make a red dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
33265 | 3355 | 32 | 1 | 57 | 5 | 136 | Berries used to make red dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
35381 | 3487 | 157 | 74 | 43 | 5 | 136 | Dried, ground roots used as a red dye. The roots were sometimes dried and stored indefinitely. When ready for use, the dried roots were ground. By this aging process, various shades were obtained, from a greyed yellow to a dull red. Several handfuls of the fresh roots boiled in water yield a lemon yellow, and when more of the root was used and boiled longer, a soft orange or orange brown was obtained. If the mixture was boiled in an iron vessel, the reaction formed a red brown or mahogany dye. When mixed with indigo, a green dye was produced. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 43 |
35491 | 3496 | 33 | 39 | 172 | 5 | 136 | Roots and dried leaves boiled and used as a red dye. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 172 |
35763 | 3525 | 23 | 146 | 32 | 5 | 136 | Spring buds used to make a red dye. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32 |
35914 | 3534 | 206 | 43 | 123 | 5 | 136 | Willow and some other species of willow used for a scarlet dye. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123 |
36940 | 3572 | 32 | 105 | 74 | 5 | 136 | Roots used as a red dye in basket making. | Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
36941 | 3572 | 32 | 1 | 26 | 5 | 136 | Used to make a red dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
36945 | 3572 | 38 | 4 | 371 | 5 | 136 | Roots boiled with the inner barks of other trees and used to make a red dye. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
36946 | 3572 | 38 | 15 | 131 | 5 | 136 | Roots dug in the fall and used to make a red dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131 |
37019 | 3572 | 138 | 51 | 78 | 5 | 136 | Boiled root used to dye mats red. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
37023 | 3572 | 139 | 21 | 271 | 5 | 136 | Root cooked to make a red face paint and to dye baskets and mats red. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 271 |
37049 | 3572 | 173 | 170 | 114 | 5 | 136 | Roots boiled to obtain a red dye. | Jenness, Diamond, 1935, The Ojibwa Indians of Parry Island, Their Social and Religious Life, National Museums of Canada Bulletin #78, Anthropological Series #17, page 114 |
37051 | 3572 | 177 | 17 | 83 | 5 | 136 | Root boiled with objects as a red dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
37056 | 3572 | 205 | 17 | 83 | 5 | 136 | Root boiled with objects as a red dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
37061 | 3572 | 280 | 17 | 83 | 5 | 136 | Root boiled with objects as a red dye. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 83 |
37768 | 3657 | 23 | 146 | 48 | 5 | 136 | Berries used to make a red dye. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 48 |
37942 | 3661 | 32 | 1 | 44 | 5 | 136 | Used to make a red or rose dye. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 44 |
40897 | 4041 | 138 | 51 | 78 | 5 | 136 | Boiled bark used for dark red coloring. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
44012 | 4227 | 232 | 111 | 8 | 5 | 136 | Roots used as red dye in basketry. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 8 |
44147 | 4230 | 159 | 18 | 21 | 5 | 136 | Juice boiled alone for a red dye. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |