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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44317 | 4241 | 63 | 22 | 80 | 2 | 69 | Bark used alone and in compound as a tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 80 |
43695 | 4213 | 32 | 1 | 62 | 2 | 69 | Taken as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
43621 | 4204 | 183 | 12 | 148149 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a blood tonic and for colds. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 148149 |
43474 | 4184 | 32 | 1 | 37 | 2 | 69 | Taken as a 'fall tonic.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
43454 | 4180 | 63 | 22 | 26 | 2 | 69 | Compound containing vine used as a tonic by frail women and increases fertility. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26 |
43430 | 4176 | 32 | 1 | 37 | 2 | 69 | Taken as a 'fall tonic.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
43353 | 4169 | 39 | 138 | 287 | 2 | 69 | Used as a tonic. | Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287 |
43344 | 4169 | 32 | 1 | 37 | 2 | 69 | Taken as a 'fall tonic.' | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
43332 | 4149 | 32 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as spring tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
43311 | 4165 | 32 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as spring tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
43300 | 4162 | 32 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as spring tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
43286 | 4160 | 32 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as spring tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
43271 | 4156 | 32 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as spring tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
43258 | 4151 | 32 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as spring tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
43174 | 4136 | 32 | 1 | 62 | 2 | 69 | Root bark taken as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
43123 | 4133 | 32 | 1 | 62 | 2 | 69 | Root bark used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
43013 | 4128 | 32 | 1 | 62 | 2 | 69 | Root bark taken as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
42977 | 4127 | 32 | 1 | 31 | 2 | 69 | Used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31 |
42866 | 4108 | 32 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Taken as a general or breast complaint tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
41854 | 4059 | 253 | 25 | 28 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28 |
41844 | 4059 | 232 | 12 | 146 | 2 | 69 | Compound decoction of root taken as a blood tonic and for general debility. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 146 |
41840 | 4059 | 221 | 25 | 28 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 28 |
41714 | 4058 | 166 | 101 | 128 | 2 | 69 | Young shoots chewed and swallowed as a tonic to prevent sickness. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128 |
40478 | 3974 | 96 | 49 | 59 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic and 'rejuvenator.' | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59 |
40313 | 3957 | 100 | 7 | 344 | 2 | 69 | Infusion of roots and leaves taken as a tonic. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 344 |
40139 | 3951 | 175 | 32 | 20 | 2 | 69 | Weak infusion of boughs taken as a sweathouse tonic. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
40138 | 3951 | 175 | 32 | 20 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of boughs and three plants taken as a sweathouse tonic. The three plants were Douglas fir boughs, rose branches and often a small quantity of stinging nettle. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
39767 | 3930 | 232 | 12 | 145146 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of stems taken as a tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 145146 |
39641 | 3914 | 95 | 37 | 98 | 2 | 69 | Plant used as a tonic. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 98 |
39393 | 3894 | 231 | 62 | 121 | 2 | 69 | Dandelion and white daisy used to make wines and taken as tonics. | Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
39388 | 3894 | 206 | 43 | 54 | 2 | 69 | Root used as a bitter tonic. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 54 |
39379 | 3894 | 149 | 62 | 121 | 2 | 69 | Dandelion and white daisy used to make wines and taken as tonics. | Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
39378 | 3894 | 149 | 97 | 75, 132 | 2 | 69 | Compound infusion of root taken as a tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
39377 | 3894 | 149 | 110 | 266 | 2 | 69 | Compound decoction or infusion of plants taken as a spring tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
39345 | 3894 | 63 | 22 | 32, 80 | 2 | 69 | Plant used to make a 'laxative-tonic.' | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 32, 80 |
39295 | 3892 | 32 | 1 | 58 | 2 | 69 | Taken as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
39167 | 3866 | 183 | 12 | 48, 49 | 2 | 69 | Infusion of dried stems taken as a general blood tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 48, 49 |
38992 | 3840 | 259 | 55 | 42 | 2 | 69 | Plant used as a tonic medicine. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
38990 | 3840 | 176 | 55 | 42 | 2 | 69 | Plant used as a tonic medicine. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
38973 | 3839 | 192 | 103 | 311 | 2 | 69 | Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311 |
38935 | 3831 | 232 | 12 | 102103 | 2 | 69 | Compound decoction of root taken as a tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 102103 |
38841 | 3818 | 183 | 12 | 142 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a tonic for general debility after an illness. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 142 |
38819 | 3814 | 215 | 23 | 84 | 2 | 69 | Infusion of pounded roots used as a spring tonic. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
38759 | 3787 | 259 | 33 | 471 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of plant taken as a tonic. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 471 |
38566 | 3761 | 278 | 166 | 152 | 2 | 69 | Bark used as a tonic. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
38530 | 3758 | 7 | 67 | 177 | 2 | 69 | Infusion of inner bark and sweet flag used as a tonic. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 177 |
38483 | 3746 | 38 | 4 | 364 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root and stalk taken as a tonic. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364 |
38457 | 3742 | 259 | 33 | 468 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of plant taken as a tonic to restore appetite. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468 |
38452 | 3740 | 32 | 1 | 36 | 2 | 69 | Used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36 |
38433 | 3738 | 56 | 83 | 303 | 2 | 69 | Plant used as a tonic. | Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303 |
38330 | 3727 | 48 | 147 | 524 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a general tonic. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524 |
38240 | 3715 | 39 | 118 | 23 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of stems taken as a general tonic. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23 |
38208 | 3711 | 32 | 1 | 24 | 2 | 69 | Root bark astringent and slightly tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
38166 | 3707 | 39 | 115 | 8 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of stems taken as a general tonic. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 8 |
38070 | 3689 | 32 | 1 | 46 | 2 | 69 | Taken as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
38012 | 3686 | 190 | 17 | 132 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken for general debility. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
37917 | 3658 | 259 | 33 | 472 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of bark taken as a tonic for the stomach. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 472 |
37916 | 3658 | 259 | 10 | 209 | 2 | 69 | Berry jam taken as a tonic. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
37877 | 3658 | 216 | 144 | 294 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294 |
37736 | 3654 | 200 | 80 | 11 | 2 | 69 | Infusion of gummy sap taken as a tonic. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
37270 | 3589 | 211 | 102 | 26 | 2 | 69 | Infusion of root taken as a spring tonic. | Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 26 |
37260 | 3589 | 149 | 97 | 75, 132 | 2 | 69 | Root, leaves and bark mixed with other herbs to make a tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
37259 | 3589 | 149 | 110 | 266 | 2 | 69 | Complex compound infusion including sassafras root taken as spring tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
37255 | 3589 | 100 | 7 | 334 | 2 | 69 | Taken as a tonic. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 334 |
37238 | 3589 | 63 | 22 | 80 | 2 | 69 | Bark used in a tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 80 |
37034 | 3572 | 149 | 97 | 132 | 2 | 69 | Leaves used to make a tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 132 |
36954 | 3572 | 63 | 22 | 80 | 2 | 69 | Root used in a tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 80 |
36934 | 3572 | 7 | 67 | 171 | 2 | 69 | Rhizomes used to make a medicinal tonic. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 171 |
36851 | 3568 | 183 | 12 | 137138 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of blossoms given to children as a spring tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 137138 |
36687 | 3566 | 96 | 49 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Wine made from berries taken as a tonic. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
36512 | 3565 | 96 | 49 | 60 | 2 | 69 | Wine made from berries taken as a tonic. | Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
36480 | 3562 | 149 | 97 | 132 | 2 | 69 | Green or dried leaves used to make a tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 132 |
36347 | 3515 | 32 | 1 | 61 | 2 | 69 | Bark used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
36266 | 3551 | 183 | 12 | 133-136 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root bark taken as a spring tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
36106 | 3550 | 241 | 25 | 26 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of peeled bark taken as a tonic. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
36099 | 3550 | 114 | 25 | 26 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of peeled bark taken as a tonic. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
36002 | 3542 | 32 | 1 | 61 | 2 | 69 | Bark used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
35883 | 3532 | 138 | 176 | 133 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of stalk taken as a general tonic. | Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 133 |
35877 | 3532 | 32 | 1 | 61 | 2 | 69 | Bark used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
35636 | 3517 | 32 | 1 | 61 | 2 | 69 | Bark used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
35517 | 3496 | 232 | 12 | 132133 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier or tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 132133 |
35510 | 3496 | 183 | 12 | 132133 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier or tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 132133 |
35433 | 3489 | 100 | 7 | 313 | 2 | 69 | Compound decoction taken as a blood medicine and tonic. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 313 |
35340 | 3485 | 232 | 12 | 131132 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a general tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 131132 |
35324 | 3485 | 183 | 65 | 317 | 2 | 69 | Roots used for the tonic properties. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 317 |
35323 | 3485 | 183 | 12 | 131132 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a general tonic. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 131132 |
35297 | 3485 | 149 | 97 | 75, 132 | 2 | 69 | Root used to make a tonic. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
35281 | 3485 | 100 | 7 | 312 | 2 | 69 | Compound decoction of roots taken by women as a tonic. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 312 |
35053 | 3471 | 32 | 1 | 26 | 2 | 69 | Used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
34923 | 3469 | 39 | 115 | 29 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of roots taken as a tonic to improve circulation. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29 |
34897 | 3467 | 259 | 33 | 466 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a tonic for the stomach. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
34896 | 3467 | 259 | 55 | 41 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of leaves taken as a stomach tonic. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
34890 | 3467 | 176 | 55 | 41 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of leaves taken as a stomach tonic. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
34803 | 3463 | 105 | 71 | 384 | 2 | 69 | Infusion of roots taken by thin people as a tonic. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384 |
34749 | 3462 | 32 | 1 | 52 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as a tonic for boils. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
34682 | 3461 | 32 | 1 | 52 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as a tonic for boils. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
34573 | 3454 | 259 | 33 | 466 | 2 | 69 | Decoction of root taken as a tonic for the stomach. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
34487 | 3453 | 100 | 7 | 355 | 2 | 69 | Plant used as a tonic. | Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355 |
34463 | 3453 | 32 | 1 | 52 | 2 | 69 | Infusion taken as a tonic for boils. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
34440 | 3452 | 211 | 102 | 32 | 2 | 69 | Fermented decoction of berries taken for dysentery and as a tonic. | Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 32 |
34417 | 3448 | 32 | 1 | 26 | 2 | 69 | Used as a tonic. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |