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Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44664 | 4258 | 89 | 164 | 102 | 3 | 17 | Branch used to make a planting stick. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 102 |
44526 | 4244 | 257 | 61 | 78 | 3 | 17 | Cobs used to make handles and holders. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
44484 | 4244 | 159 | 18 | 18 | 3 | 17 | Cobs used by pottery makers to smooth the pottery. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18 |
44476 | 4244 | 157 | 74 | 27 | 3 | 17 | Cobs used to beat leather while dyeing. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
44258 | 4236 | 157 | 74 | 34 | 3 | 17 | Used to make a brush to apply colored clays to pottery. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34 |
44184 | 4230 | 248 | 58 | 52 | 3 | 17 | Stalk used as a spindle in making fire by friction. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 52 |
44122 | 4230 | 107 | 79 | 76 | 3 | 17 | Flower stalks used as spindles to start fire by friction. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76 |
44094 | 4230 | 61 | 17 | 71 | 3 | 17 | Hard, sharp-pointed blades bound with sinew and used in place of wood to make the fire drill. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
43994 | 4225 | 291 | 6 | 78 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used to make cincture pads for supporting water vases upon the head. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 78 |
43818 | 4225 | 89 | 2 | 212 | 3 | 17 | Terminal spines used as needles. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 |
43791 | 4225 | 10 | 58 | 51 | 3 | 17 | Stalk used to make fire drills. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51 |
43727 | 4217 | 166 | 101 | 87 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used for trimming the edges of mats. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87 |
43557 | 4190 | 24 | 31 | 145 | 3 | 17 | Leaves used for flailing and hulling dried seeds. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145 |
43381 | 4172 | 105 | 70 | 62 | 3 | 17 | Stems used for lashings. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
41611 | 4054 | 205 | 17 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41606 | 4054 | 177 | 17 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41602 | 4054 | 61 | 17 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41595 | 4052 | 280 | 17 | 76 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41581 | 4052 | 205 | 17 | 76 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41573 | 4052 | 190 | 17 | 76 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41565 | 4052 | 177 | 17 | 76 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41513 | 4052 | 61 | 17 | 76 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41482 | 4051 | 205 | 17 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41474 | 4051 | 190 | 17 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41468 | 4051 | 177 | 17 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41436 | 4051 | 61 | 17 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41087 | 4043 | 259 | 10 | 111 | 3 | 17 | Broken boughs used by the handful like a bath brush. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
40983 | 4043 | 88 | 14 | 180 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make mallets. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40982 | 4043 | 88 | 14 | 180 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40414 | 3966 | 200 | 89 | 305 | 3 | 17 | Rigid, sharp-pointed leaves formerly used as needles to prick pitch soot into the skin in tattooing. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 305 |
40341 | 3959 | 38 | 15 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make spiles for drawing out maple sap from trees into buckets during sugar making time. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
40288 | 3951 | 267 | 14 | 315 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make woodworking tools. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315 |
40239 | 3951 | 217 | 23 | 71 | 3 | 17 | Wood used for the drill to make friction fires. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
40206 | 3951 | 209 | 25 | 19 | 3 | 17 | Used to make the spindle for spinning mountain-goat wool. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
40187 | 3951 | 181 | 14 | 63 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make implements. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
40051 | 3951 | 121 | 148 | 8 | 3 | 17 | Wood used for making implements. | Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8 |
40022 | 3951 | 92 | 41 | 35 | 3 | 17 | Long, dried kindling tied with cedar bark & used as torch to burn out excess wood in making a canoe. There is a story about Deer and the Chickadees in which Deer was using such a bundle of cedar pieces while making a canoe. He became so absorbed in watching the dancing of the Chickadees that he burned right through the bottom of the canoe. Turner's informant Alice Paul pointed out that a deer is still like that--when he sees anything moving, he stares at it. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
39671 | 3916 | 106 | 60 | 66 | 3 | 17 | Spines used as tattooing needles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66 |
39639 | 3913 | 106 | 60 | 66 | 3 | 17 | Spines used as tattooing needles. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66 |
39565 | 3902 | 259 | 10 | 111 | 3 | 17 | Wood 'hardened' in the fire and used to make wedges, axe handles and digging sticks. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 111 |
39559 | 3902 | 253 | 25 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used to make wedges for splitting logs and digging sticks for roots and clams. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39553 | 3902 | 221 | 25 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used to make wedges for splitting logs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39544 | 3902 | 210 | 25 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used to make digging sticks for roots and clams. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39533 | 3902 | 202 | 40 | 121 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121 |
39523 | 3902 | 181 | 14 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75 |
39516 | 3902 | 166 | 101 | 118 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks for harvesting pacific cinquefoil roots. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118 |
39515 | 3902 | 166 | 101 | 75 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging and prying sticks, mat pressers and wedges. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75 |
39514 | 3902 | 166 | 3 | 226 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make chest high digging sticks. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 226 |
39502 | 3902 | 122 | 63 | 271 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make fire tongs. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
39501 | 3902 | 122 | 63 | 267 | 3 | 17 | Wood used as a barklifter to peel red cedar bark off the trees. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 267 |
39500 | 3902 | 122 | 63 | 285 | 3 | 17 | Used to make curved digging sticks for prying wild clover roots. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
39499 | 3902 | 122 | 63 | 271 | 3 | 17 | Trees used to measure strength. Men who could twist a yew tree from crown to butt were considered very strong. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
39489 | 3902 | 105 | 70 | 57 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make various tools. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 57 |
39488 | 3902 | 105 | 71 | 379 | 3 | 17 | Bark used as the handle for stone knives. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
39474 | 3902 | 92 | 41 | 48 | 3 | 17 | Extremely strong and resilient wood used to make sticks for prying open mussels and chitons. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
39473 | 3902 | 92 | 41 | 48 | 3 | 17 | Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength; wedges & mat pressers. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
39472 | 3902 | 92 | 41 | 48 | 3 | 17 | Extremely strong & resilient wood used for implements requiring strength, such as needles. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 48 |
39470 | 3902 | 88 | 14 | 187 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187 |
39459 | 3902 | 53 | 25 | 16 | 3 | 17 | Used to make wedges for splitting logs and digging sticks for roots and clams. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39454 | 3902 | 41 | 99 | 195 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make digging sticks. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
39446 | 3902 | 21 | 53 | 198 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make adze handles, bark scrapers and wedges. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
39430 | 3899 | 228 | 88 | 471 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make heddles, mortars and pestles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 471 |
39080 | 3849 | 183 | 98 | 112 | 3 | 17 | Sharpened stem used as a root digging stick. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 112 |
39058 | 3849 | 122 | 63 | 280 | 3 | 17 | Branch tips ignited and used for cauterizing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 280 |
38890 | 3823 | 229 | 29 | 136 | 3 | 17 | Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
37960 | 3667 | 228 | 88 | 494 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make pestles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 494 |
37757 | 3655 | 228 | 88 | 504 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make fire fans. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 504 |
37523 | 3611 | 259 | 10 | 116 | 3 | 17 | Grass formerly used to cut a newborn baby's umbilical cord. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 116 |
37170 | 3586 | 183 | 98 | 69 | 3 | 17 | Twigs used as needles in the manufacture of tule and cattail mats. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 69 |
37162 | 3586 | 157 | 74 | 44 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make planting sticks, knitting needles, heddle sticks, distaff handles used in weaving. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44 |
37151 | 3586 | 95 | 82 | 358 | 3 | 17 | Wood used for planting and lease rods. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 358 |
37150 | 3586 | 95 | 126 | 162 | 3 | 17 | Used to make planting sticks and poorer boomerangs. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
37149 | 3586 | 95 | 126 | 162 | 3 | 17 | Used to make planting sticks and poorer boomerangs. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 162 |
37148 | 3586 | 95 | 37 | 74 | 3 | 17 | Strong wood used for rabbit sticks, planting sticks, lease rods and clothes hooks. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
36923 | 3570 | 100 | 116 | 99 | 3 | 17 | Stems made into the shuttle used for weaving. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 99 |
36768 | 3566 | 228 | 88 | 172 | 3 | 17 | Stems used to make medicine tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
36767 | 3566 | 228 | 88 | 505 | 3 | 17 | Plant used to make medicine blowing tubes. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505 |
36563 | 3565 | 151 | 73 | 23 | 3 | 17 | Wood used as a twirling stick in fire making. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23 |
36236 | 3551 | 157 | 74 | 38 | 3 | 17 | Branches made into hoops and used inside the buckskin sack of a bellows. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
36235 | 3551 | 157 | 74 | 38 | 3 | 17 | Branches made into heddle sticks and used in weaving. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
36223 | 3551 | 151 | 30 | 67 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make scrapers for removing hair from hides. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
36098 | 3550 | 105 | 71 | 381 | 3 | 17 | Whole plant beaten with a stick to make the wind blow on hot days. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
36097 | 3550 | 105 | 71 | 381 | 3 | 17 | Roots used as a fire drill. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
36059 | 3547 | 105 | 71 | 381 | 3 | 17 | Roots used to make the fire drill. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
35974 | 3539 | 159 | 18 | 22 | 3 | 17 | Stem used to make loom frames. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
35967 | 3539 | 87 | 14 | 287 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make mallet heads. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 287 |
35962 | 3539 | 53 | 25 | 26 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make drills for fire drills. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
35907 | 3534 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Stems used to make a bead weaving loom. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35906 | 3534 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35804 | 3527 | 106 | 60 | 61 | 3 | 17 | Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
35793 | 3527 | 89 | 2 | 215 | 3 | 17 | Used to make tongs for removing cactus fruit. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
35773 | 3525 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Stems used to make a bead weaving loom. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35772 | 3525 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35699 | 3521 | 106 | 60 | 61 | 3 | 17 | Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
35669 | 3520 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Stems used to make a bead weaving loom. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35668 | 3520 | 58 | 47 | 58 | 3 | 17 | Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35651 | 3518 | 33 | 57 | 37 | 3 | 17 | Sticks bent and used to remove hair from hides. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37 |
34275 | 3436 | 157 | 74 | 55 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make needles for leather work. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 55 |
34029 | 3426 | 259 | 33 | 498 | 3 | 17 | Wood used to make handles. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 498 |
33626 | 3378 | 217 | 23 | 84 | 3 | 17 | Stiff, sharp thorns used as probes for boils, for removing splinters and for tattooing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
33570 | 3375 | 217 | 23 | 84 | 3 | 17 | Stiff, sharp thorns used as probes for boils, for removing splinters and for tattooing. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |