naeb
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1113 | 46 | 15 | 45 | 149 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
7431 | 608 | 15 | 45 | 149 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
23526 | 2543 | 15 | 45 | 149 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
38772 | 3805 | 15 | 45 | 149 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread and pones. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 149 |
43943 | 4225 | 248 | 58 | 15 | 1 | 2 | Pulp patted into cakes and dried thoroughly. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
44273 | 4238 | 24 | 31 | 150 | 1 | 2 | Roasted stalks dried, ground and mixed with water to make cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 150 |
11694 | 1164 | 15 | 45 | 156 | 1 | 2 | Blossoms baked as parts of certain kinds of cakes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
23533 | 2543 | 95 | 126 | 158 | 1 | 2 | Ground seed meal used to make bread. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
23534 | 2543 | 95 | 126 | 158 | 1 | 2 | Ground seed meal used to make bread. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
25451 | 2738 | 95 | 126 | 159 | 1 | 2 | Ground seed meal used to make bread. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 159 |
43926 | 4225 | 193 | 58 | 16 | 1 | 2 | Dried fruit made into cakes. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16 |
40814 | 4037 | 15 | 45 | 161 | 1 | 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
43650 | 4211 | 15 | 45 | 161 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground and used to make bread. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 161 |
25468 | 2741 | 44 | 125 | 170 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with water and dried to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 170 |
20512 | 2212 | 199 | 109 | 172 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 172 |
25459 | 2739 | 44 | 125 | 175 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 175 |
29966 | 3154 | 14 | 87 | 176 | 1 | 2 | Dried seeds pounded into flour, moistened, allowed to harden into cakes and stored. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
8142 | 757 | 14 | 87 | 178 | 1 | 2 | Squeezed pulp dried and made into cakes. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178 |
4432 | 338 | 266 | 70 | 18 | 1 | 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4690 | 347 | 266 | 70 | 18 | 1 | 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
4704 | 330 | 266 | 70 | 18 | 1 | 2 | Berries mixed with salmon roe and sugar, formed into patties and baked in rocks. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 18 |
9500 | 900 | 95 | 72 | 18 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and made into small dumplings wrapped in corn husks. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 18 |
41420 | 4050 | 97 | 127 | 18 | 1 | 2 | Roots peeled, dried, ground into a flour and used to make bread. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 18 |
43783 | 4225 | 10 | 58 | 18 | 1 | 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
44267 | 4237 | 10 | 58 | 18 | 1 | 2 | Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
40975 | 4043 | 88 | 14 | 180 | 1 | 2 | Cambium formed into cakes, cooked, dried, powdered, mixed with water, grease and fruit and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
30004 | 3154 | 288 | 125 | 181 | 1 | 2 | Meal molded into cakes for storage. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181 |
16674 | 1833 | 14 | 87 | 184 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground, mixed with corn meal, put into hot water and eaten as a pasty bread. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
20496 | 2212 | 83 | 109 | 187 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187 |
24353 | 2633 | 147 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
24375 | 2633 | 288 | 125 | 187 | 1 | 2 | Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
38054 | 3688 | 44 | 125 | 188 | 1 | 2 | Kernels molded into oily cake, boiled and eaten. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 188 |
1122 | 46 | 95 | 184 | 20 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground with corn into fine meal and used to make tortilla bread. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 |
8159 | 757 | 188 | 27 | 20 | 1 | 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
43868 | 4225 | 157 | 58 | 20 | 1 | 2 | Pulp made into cakes, dried and stored for winter use. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 20 |
15626 | 1703 | 41 | 99 | 200 | 1 | 2 | Berries mashed, dried in cakes, soaked, dipped in oil and eaten. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200 |
20499 | 2212 | 98 | 109 | 200 | 1 | 2 | Acorns used to make bread, biscuits, pancakes and cake. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200 |
15625 | 1703 | 21 | 53 | 204 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried in cakes and used as a winter food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
42151 | 4082 | 21 | 53 | 205 | 1 | 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
42306 | 4085 | 21 | 53 | 205 | 1 | 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
41409 | 4049 | 288 | 125 | 207 | 1 | 2 | Pollen shaped into flat cakes and baked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 207 |
40817 | 4037 | 87 | 14 | 208 | 1 | 2 | Grains used to make bread. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 208 |
34589 | 3457 | 21 | 53 | 209 | 1 | 2 | Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
34950 | 3470 | 21 | 53 | 209 | 1 | 2 | Berries cooked, dried in cakes and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
37921 | 3658 | 259 | 10 | 209 | 1 | 2 | Soapberries dried on mats and formed into cakes. The berries were gathered in the summer, but were not hand picked because they were too soft. A clean mat was placed underneath the bush, then a branch laden with fruit was held and hit with a stick until the fruit fell off. The ripe berries were then placed in a basket, heated with hot rocks and spread out on mats or on a layer of 'timbergrass' set on a scaffolding and allowed to dry. A small fire was lit beneath so that the smoke would drive away the flies. The dried soapberry cakes were then broken off, placed in a birch bark basket with water and 'swished' with a whisk of maple bark tied to a stick. The mixture was originally sweetened with the 'white' variety of saskatoon berries that were dried and soaked in water to reconstitute them. More recently, sugar was added to the whip to sweeten it. The sweetened froth was served in small containers, first to the men and then to the women, as a sort of dessert or confection. It was said that the soapberries must never come into contact with grease or oil or the berries would not whip. One informant said that special containers were used for the preparation of soapberries, not for cooking or any other purpose, so that the berries could be kept free of grease. It was said that pregnant women should never eat the soapberry whip. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
13987 | 1501 | 95 | 72 | 21 | 1 | 2 | Leaves boiled, mixed with water and cornmeal and baked into a bread. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 21 |
27611 | 2959 | 157 | 121 | 21 | 1 | 2 | Ground nuts formed into cakes. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 21 |
43902 | 4225 | 159 | 18 | 21 | 1 | 2 | Fruit molded into foot long rolls. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 21 |
24373 | 2633 | 284 | 201 | 211 | 1 | 2 | Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
15697 | 1703 | 259 | 10 | 213 | 1 | 2 | Berries picked with the stems attached, washed, destemmed, dried and made into cakes for later use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 213 |
10303 | 1026 | 101 | 19 | 22 | 1 | 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
11778 | 1171 | 157 | 121 | 22 | 1 | 2 | Berries ground into a meal and mixed with bread dough. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 22 |
11779 | 1171 | 157 | 121 | 22 | 1 | 2 | Leaf ash mixed with breads. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 22 |
19304 | 2077 | 101 | 19 | 22 | 1 | 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
24019 | 2590 | 101 | 19 | 22 | 1 | 2 | Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
38866 | 3823 | 188 | 27 | 22 | 1 | 2 | Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
42208 | 4082 | 259 | 10 | 220 | 1 | 2 | Berries scattered thinly on a mat and dried over a fire or mashed up and dried into a thin cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 220 |
42354 | 4085 | 259 | 10 | 221 | 1 | 2 | Berries used in pancakes and muffins. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221 |
2816 | 193 | 157 | 119 | 222 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground, boiled, mixed with corn flour and made into dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
33187 | 3352 | 157 | 119 | 222 | 1 | 2 | Berries used to make cakes. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
1136 | 46 | 157 | 119 | 223 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
5037 | 393 | 157 | 119 | 223 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
16597 | 1821 | 157 | 119 | 223 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
38775 | 3805 | 157 | 119 | 223 | 1 | 2 | Seeds used to make bread. | Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
380 | 15 | 89 | 2 | 225 | 1 | 2 | Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
24719 | 2665 | 89 | 2 | 233 | 1 | 2 | Dried fruit pounded into cakes for storage or pieces of cake eaten without further preparation. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 233 |
10134 | 1001 | 259 | 10 | 239 | 1 | 2 | Corms made into cakes and dried for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239 |
3382 | 255 | 103 | 180 | 24 | 1 | 2 | Pulverized seeds used for bread. | Gifford, E. W., 1931, The Kamia of Imperial Valley, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, page 24 |
7847 | 700 | 23 | 146 | 24 | 1 | 2 | Roots pit roasted and made into loaves. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 24 |
9413 | 894 | 159 | 18 | 24 | 1 | 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
26309 | 2871 | 32 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 2 | Beans used to make bean bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
26334 | 2873 | 32 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 2 | Beans used to make bean bread. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
20054 | 2159 | 259 | 10 | 243 | 1 | 2 | Roots used as an ingredient in fruit cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243 |
42002 | 4072 | 88 | 14 | 244 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42007 | 4073 | 88 | 14 | 244 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
42056 | 4077 | 88 | 14 | 244 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried in the form of cakes and reconstituted during the winter. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 244 |
44641 | 4254 | 173 | 8 | 246 | 1 | 2 | Seeds used to make gem cakes, duck stuffing and fowl stuffing. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246 |
31987 | 3256 | 282 | 181 | 249 | 1 | 2 | Acorn flour used to make bread. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
41615 | 4056 | 50 | 16 | 249 | 1 | 2 | Kernels roasted or ground into flour for cakes. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
9513 | 902 | 159 | 18 | 25 | 1 | 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25 |
41034 | 4043 | 151 | 73 | 25 | 1 | 2 | Cambium made into a coarse bread. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
3039 | 204 | 259 | 10 | 253 | 1 | 2 | Berries dried into cakes. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
8139 | 757 | 13 | 174 | 257 | 1 | 2 | Fruits sun dried, made into large cakes and used for food. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
18580 | 2056 | 284 | 48 | 257 | 1 | 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
18928 | 2060 | 284 | 48 | 257 | 1 | 2 | Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
24862 | 2670 | 284 | 48 | 257 | 1 | 2 | Ground fruit made into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
1135 | 46 | 157 | 74 | 26 | 1 | 2 | Ground seeds made into cakes. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
2824 | 193 | 159 | 18 | 26 | 1 | 2 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
10302 | 1026 | 101 | 76 | 26 | 1 | 2 | Large seeds formerly used to make a flour for bread. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
10305 | 1026 | 102 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 2 | Green parts boiled, fibrous material removed, molded into cakes and fried in grease, a delicacy. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
12897 | 1363 | 101 | 19 | 26 | 1 | 2 | Pulp macerated and cooked with sugar to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
12910 | 1364 | 101 | 19 | 26 | 1 | 2 | Pulp macerated and cooked with sugar to make cakes. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
20755 | 2234 | 151 | 30 | 26 | 1 | 2 | Roots pulverized, moistened, partially baked and made into different sized cakes. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26 |
38786 | 3806 | 157 | 74 | 26 | 1 | 2 | Seeds ground to make dumplings, rolls, griddle cakes and tortillas. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
8229 | 757 | 284 | 48 | 260 | 1 | 2 | Dried, parched, seeds ground to consistency of peanut butter and squeezed into cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260 |
24233 | 2610 | 259 | 10 | 262 | 1 | 2 | Smashed fruit made into bread. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 262 |
29724 | 3112 | 122 | 63 | 262 | 1 | 2 | Plants allowed to rot, shaped into cakes, sun dried and eaten with dried salmon at feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 262 |
11578 | 1159 | 44 | 178 | 266 | 1 | 2 | Stored flesh washed in water, pounded, made into cakes and sun dried. | Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 266 |
34509 | 3453 | 259 | 10 | 269 | 1 | 2 | Fruit steamed, dried and made into a cake. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
12896 | 1363 | 101 | 76 | 27 | 1 | 2 | Pulp baked with sugar and used to make cakes. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
44462 | 4244 | 157 | 74 | 27 | 1 | 2 | Corn and juniper ash used to make bread and dumplings. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |