naeb
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2541 | 172 | 133 | 3 | 243 | 3 | 63 | Leaves formerly smoked. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
4546 | 347 | 33 | 57 | 25 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, mixed with red willow bark and used for pipe smoking. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
11017 | 1102 | 33 | 57 | 25 | 3 | 63 | Bark mixed with dried kinnikinnick leaves and used for pipe smoking. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
12326 | 1262 | 106 | 60 | 25 | 3 | 63 | One or two leaves put into the liquid and used in the preparation of the tobacco plug. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 25 |
23067 | 2490 | 107 | 79 | 25 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
36211 | 3551 | 141 | 182 | 258 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
23814 | 2577 | 284 | 48 | 263 | 3 | 63 | Dried stems and leaves used for smoking. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 263 |
23838 | 2579 | 65 | 85 | 27 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 27 |
23861 | 2580 | 188 | 27 | 27 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27 |
44475 | 4244 | 157 | 74 | 27 | 3 | 63 | Husks used for cigarette papers. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
10945 | 1098 | 139 | 21 | 272 | 3 | 63 | Smoked at ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272 |
40746 | 4026 | 139 | 21 | 272 | 3 | 63 | Smoked at ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272 |
4523 | 347 | 23 | 42 | 276 | 3 | 63 | Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
9597 | 915 | 23 | 42 | 277 | 3 | 63 | Dried leaves used as the favorite smoking tobacco. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
3431 | 259 | 63 | 22 | 28 | 3 | 63 | Seeds sometimes mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28 |
42848 | 4106 | 259 | 10 | 287 | 3 | 63 | Leaf used for smoking. It was cautioned that too much smoking of this plant was poisonous. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 287 |
4567 | 347 | 58 | 47 | 29 | 3 | 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked in a pipe. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
23972 | 2587 | 87 | 14 | 291 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used for chewing and smoking. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 291 |
4611 | 347 | 166 | 3 | 297 | 3 | 63 | Leaves roasted, crushed and smoked. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
23938 | 2585 | 100 | 112 | 30 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used to smoke and if the smoke blew in a streak to one side, it would rain in 24 hours. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 30 |
35954 | 3538 | 150 | 103 | 315 | 3 | 63 | Dried bark smoked as a substitute for tobacco. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
10898 | 1094 | 141 | 103 | 317 | 3 | 63 | Dried bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
23755 | 2577 | 142 | 109 | 319 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
23788 | 2577 | 183 | 65 | 319 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, ground, moistened and made into balls for preservation. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 319 |
23907 | 2584 | 142 | 109 | 319 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
32873 | 3344 | 125 | 108 | 32 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 32 |
10787 | 1088 | 138 | 51 | 32, 33 | 3 | 63 | Plant used for Indian tobacco, known as 'kinnikinnick.' | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 32, 33 |
32950 | 3347 | 125 | 108 | 33 | 3 | 63 | Red, autumn leaves used to smoke. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33 |
10810 | 1089 | 177 | 154 | 331 | 3 | 63 | Dried inner bark used either alone or with tobacco for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331 |
23874 | 2583 | 177 | 154 | 331 | 3 | 63 | Plant preferred for smoking because of the mild quality. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331 |
32984 | 3347 | 177 | 154 | 331 | 3 | 63 | Dried, deveined, red leaves broken fine and used for smoking in the absence of kinnikinnick. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331 |
35943 | 3536 | 137 | 89 | 331 | 3 | 63 | Inner bark portions dried, powdered and used as substitutes for chewing tobacco. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331 |
22874 | 2447 | 95 | 82 | 335 | 3 | 63 | Plant used as substitute for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 335 |
24261 | 2613 | 95 | 82 | 336 | 3 | 63 | Plant used for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 336 |
24295 | 2618 | 95 | 82 | 337 | 3 | 63 | Plant used as substitute for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 337 |
9641 | 915 | 151 | 30 | 34 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 34 |
35621 | 3516 | 67 | 152 | 34 | 3 | 63 | Plant gathered in late summer, burned to ashes and added to chewing tobacco. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
2649 | 176 | 67 | 152 | 35 | 3 | 63 | Wood burned to make ashes added to tobacco. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35 |
23877 | 2583 | 267 | 14 | 350 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 350 |
23996 | 2587 | 267 | 14 | 350 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used for chewing. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 350 |
23754 | 2577 | 140 | 109 | 356 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
23906 | 2584 | 140 | 109 | 356 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
11034 | 1102 | 58 | 47 | 36 | 3 | 63 | Dried inner bark pulverized, mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36 |
23862 | 2580 | 188 | 27 | 36 | 3 | 63 | Leaves half or fully dried and smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36 |
23986 | 2587 | 188 | 27 | 36 | 3 | 63 | Leaves half or fully dried and smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36 |
27297 | 2939 | 100 | 59 | 36 | 3 | 63 | Dried roots used to make cigars and smoked. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
11044 | 1102 | 79 | 38 | 366 | 3 | 63 | Inner bark smoked as a tobacco. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366 |
10794 | 1089 | 61 | 91 | 367 | 3 | 63 | Dried inner bark used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
32934 | 3347 | 61 | 91 | 367 | 3 | 63 | Scarlet leaves gathered in the fall and dried for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
20730 | 2232 | 105 | 70 | 37 | 3 | 63 | Root chewed and smoked in the pipe. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
32947 | 3347 | 111 | 140 | 37 | 3 | 63 | Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
32948 | 3347 | 111 | 140 | 37 | 3 | 63 | Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
23745 | 2577 | 79 | 38 | 375 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375 |
4554 | 347 | 38 | 4 | 377 | 3 | 63 | Used for smoking. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
9869 | 942 | 38 | 4 | 377 | 3 | 63 | Seeds mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
10950 | 1099 | 38 | 4 | 377 | 3 | 63 | Used for smoking. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
23867 | 2582 | 160 | 81 | 378 | 3 | 63 | Leaves sun dried, finely cut and smoked. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 378 |
36143 | 3551 | 38 | 4 | 378 | 3 | 63 | Used for smoking and general utility. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378 |
32938 | 3347 | 79 | 38 | 379 | 3 | 63 | Leaves formerly used to smoke. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379 |
26176 | 2840 | 67 | 152 | 38 | 3 | 63 | Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
26186 | 2841 | 67 | 152 | 38 | 3 | 63 | Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
28720 | 3035 | 101 | 76 | 38 | 3 | 63 | Dried, rubbed leaves rolled in corn husks to make ceremonial cigarettes. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
37606 | 3631 | 79 | 38 | 381 | 3 | 63 | Leaves formerly used to smoke. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
37988 | 3680 | 79 | 38 | 381 | 3 | 63 | Dried leaves powdered and formerly used to smoke as a tobacco. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
41990 | 4071 | 79 | 38 | 384 | 3 | 63 | Leaves formerly dried and used as a tobacco. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384 |
23905 | 2584 | 137 | 89 | 386 | 3 | 63 | Light green leaves used for smoking. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 386 |
23884 | 2584 | 105 | 71 | 389 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, powdered and smoked. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389 |
4636 | 347 | 176 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
4688 | 347 | 259 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
11117 | 1102 | 176 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
11139 | 1102 | 259 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
23766 | 2577 | 176 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, greased, mixed with leaves of other plants and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
23813 | 2577 | 259 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves dried, greased, mixed with leaves of other plants and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
33164 | 3352 | 111 | 140 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33165 | 3352 | 111 | 140 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33253 | 3354 | 111 | 140 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33254 | 3354 | 111 | 140 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
34010 | 3426 | 176 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
34028 | 3426 | 259 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
42190 | 4082 | 176 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
42212 | 4082 | 259 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
42540 | 4095 | 176 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
42560 | 4095 | 259 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
13795 | 1480 | 173 | 20 | 398 | 3 | 63 | Plant used in the smoking tobacco or kinnikinnick mixture. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398 |
10949 | 1098 | 173 | 20 | 399 | 3 | 63 | Peeled, toasted, shredded twig bark used in the kinnikinnick or native smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
23937 | 2585 | 100 | 112 | 4 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used for smoking purposes. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 4 |
29243 | 3095 | 255 | 36 | 4 | 3 | 63 | Wood ashes mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4 |
4360 | 335 | 24 | 31 | 40 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4378 | 336 | 24 | 31 | 40 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4468 | 343 | 24 | 31 | 40 | 3 | 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
12190 | 1244 | 107 | 79 | 41 | 3 | 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
23909 | 2584 | 266 | 70 | 41 | 3 | 63 | Leaves smoked for leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
1035 | 42 | 173 | 20 | 417 | 3 | 63 | Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
5412 | 399 | 238 | 20 | 417 | 3 | 63 | Plant used in smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
10792 | 1088 | 173 | 20 | 417 | 3 | 63 | Bark used for kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
43024 | 4129 | 173 | 20 | 417 | 3 | 63 | Bark furnished one of the ingredients of kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
10948 | 1098 | 173 | 20 | 418 | 3 | 63 | Bark used to make kinnikinnick for smoking. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
4655 | 347 | 242 | 131 | 42 | 3 | 63 | Leaves used as a tobacco substitute. | Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
4977 | 387 | 24 | 31 | 42 | 3 | 63 | Leaves chewed fresh or dried and smoked after mixing with tobacco and other leaves. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 42 |
35957 | 3538 | 173 | 20 | 422 | 3 | 63 | Peeled, toasted and flaked bark used for kinnikinnick or smoking mixture. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
11070 | 1102 | 125 | 156 | 43 | 3 | 63 | Inner bark mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |