uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
229 rows where use_subcategory = 85 sorted by id descending
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id ▲ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44428 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Parched corn eaten as a confection. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
43932 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 6 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant dried and used as sweets. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6 |
42942 | Vernonia missurica Raf. 4120 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 62 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pressed blossoms made into small wads for a short, sweet chew. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 62 |
41115 | Typha angustifolia L. 4047 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 64 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Mature heads chewed with tallow as gum. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 64 |
40995 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch, from the outside of a crevice, chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
40542 | Tragopogon sp. 3987 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex chewed for pleasure and later swallowed. The stems were broken, the sap squeezed out, allowed to harden and then chewed for pleasure. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 185 |
40445 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 58 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant chewed like tobacco, 'just to raise heck.' | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58 |
40069 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 293 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 293 |
38917 | Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. 3828 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
38913 | Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. 3828 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 50 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used as chewing gum. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50 |
38911 | Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. 3828 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 65 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Thick liquid used as chewing gum. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 65 |
38880 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17 |
38019 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38017 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38014 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38011 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38006 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
37962 | Sideroxylon lanuginosum ssp. lanuginosum 3669 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 46 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Outer bark yields a mucilaginous substance used as chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 46 |
37961 | Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. 3668 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 46 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Outer bark yields a mucilaginous substance used as chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 46 |
37922 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 209 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Berries made into juice and used to make a frothy confection. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
37692 | Senecio spartioides var. multicapitatus (Greenm. ex Rydb.) Welsh 3648 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root bark used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
37684 | Senecio sp. 3646 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 381 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex used as a chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
35800 | Salix exigua Nutt. 3527 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 61 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sticky, sweet substance relished like candy and honey. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
35695 | Salix bonplandiana Kunth 3521 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 61 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sticky, sweet substance relished like candy and honey. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
35414 | Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. 3487 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 265 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used for chewing gum by school girls. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
32343 | Quercus pungens Liebm. 3284 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 41 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum used for chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41 |
32031 | Quercus engelmannii Greene 3261 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 33 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Bark gum pounded, washed and chewed like chewing gum. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
32026 | Quercus emoryi Torr. 3260 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 47 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Acorns chewed as a confection. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47 |
31303 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31279 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31262 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31245 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
31230 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young sprouts used to chew. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
31150 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 378 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum used for chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378 |
31145 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
31130 | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium 3194 | Rappahannock 211 | shc42 102 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed for 'fun.' | Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 29 |
30431 | Prunus gracilis Engelm. & Gray 3169 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried fruit used as an ingredient in making candy. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
30145 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 74 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | White gum used to make candy. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 74 |
30144 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 93 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum formerly eaten raw as a sweet. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
30107 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches, dried, ground, boiled in gruel, cooled and eaten like candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30106 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches and chewed. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30082 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 96 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fresh, sugary pods chewed by children. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96 |
29976 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 228 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pods eaten raw like a stick of candy. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 228 |
29967 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 176 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried beans pounded into flour and eaten as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
29963 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | White resinous secretions used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
29954 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 39 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roasted beans eaten as a confection. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
29953 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 43 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Beans toasted and eaten as a confection by sucking out the juice. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43 |
29543 | Populus sp. 3105 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 71 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Berries chewed as gum with chili. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
29542 | Populus sp. 3105 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 346 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Berries' chewed as gum, particularly with chili. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 346 |
29534 | Populus sp. 3105 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 361 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit seeds used by children as chewing gum. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 361 |
29487 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 109 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young, green pods chewed as gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109 |
29473 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 213 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Berries' eaten or chewed like gum. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213 |
29461 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Zuni 291 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29459 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 265 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used for chewing gum in early spring. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
29453 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 38 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap or catkins, alone or mixed with animal fat, used for chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
29452 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Navajo 157 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29449 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29446 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 62 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton used by children for chewing gum. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
29442 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 39 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used by children for chewing gum. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
29438 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29437 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
29436 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29431 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cottony fruits used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29425 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29415 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29401 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29179 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Zuni 291 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29177 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Navajo 157 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29168 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29018 | Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev. 3079 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Children chewed the thick rhizomes. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
29015 | Polypodium hesperium Maxon 3077 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 91 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice taste. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91 |
29011 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 91 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice flavor. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91 |
28151 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Wailaki 273 | c02 89 | 307 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed by children for pleasure. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307 |
28022 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 40 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried pitch used as chewing gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
28008 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
28007 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Green buds chewed and the juice sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
27936 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 50 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50 |
27866 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed as gum. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
27785 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27783 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 88 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet exudation chewed as gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
27775 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 93 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed for gum. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
27747 | Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. 2963 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap crystallized, gathered and eaten like candy. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
27658 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
27612 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27581 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27537 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27480 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
27424 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
27413 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitchy secretions chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
27392 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
27303 | Picea sp. 2939 | Penobscot 192 | s17 103 | 309 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum extensively chewed as a 'pastime.' | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
27263 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
27250 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 68 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch boiled and used for chewing. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68 |
27228 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 234 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234 |
27227 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
27218 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 293 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 293 |
27191 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cooled, rendered pitch chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27178 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 175 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like chewing gum. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
27073 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 49 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed for pleasure. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49 |
27054 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 69 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used to chew. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );