uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
229 rows where use_subcategory = 85 sorted by source
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id | species | tribe | source ▼ | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20457 | Liquidambar styraciflua L. 2210 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 58 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Hardened gum used for chewing gum. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
29473 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 213 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Berries' eaten or chewed like gum. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213 |
29976 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 228 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pods eaten raw like a stick of candy. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 228 |
27228 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 234 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234 |
9249 | Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia 880 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 67 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed for the pleasant taste. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67 |
12015 | Dalea lasiathera Gray 1224 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 69 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root chewed, especially by children, and greatly enjoyed. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69 |
17569 | Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. 1942 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 68 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root used as chewing gum. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 68 |
19401 | Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung 2088 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 68 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried root gum used as chewing gum. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 68 |
1912 | Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson 106 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 167 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167 |
14351 | Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh 1561 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 121 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Small root ends of corms eaten as candy by children. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121 |
19577 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 99 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from trunk and branches chewed for pleasure. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
21117 | Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. 2259 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 196 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Nectar sucked from flowers by children. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196 |
27480 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
29011 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 91 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice flavor. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91 |
29015 | Polypodium hesperium Maxon 3077 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 91 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice taste. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91 |
37922 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 209 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Berries made into juice and used to make a frothy confection. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
40542 | Tragopogon sp. 3987 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex chewed for pleasure and later swallowed. The stems were broken, the sap squeezed out, allowed to harden and then chewed for pleasure. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 185 |
1777 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heads baked, sliced, dried and eaten like candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 48 |
13101 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin used as a primitive chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102 |
14732 | Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo 1608 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 55 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make cactus candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
14743 | Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 1610 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 55 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make cactus candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
15407 | Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz 1674 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 82 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milk extracted from main stem, baked or boiled and used as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 82 |
16620 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Inner pulp of stalks used as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
16621 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Petals used by children as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
29487 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 109 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young, green pods chewed as gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109 |
30082 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 96 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fresh, sugary pods chewed by children. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96 |
30144 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 93 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum formerly eaten raw as a sweet. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
3919 | Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. 303 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 262 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262 |
15771 | Gentiana douglasiana Bong. 1716 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 252 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 252 |
27178 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 175 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like chewing gum. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
27250 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 68 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch boiled and used for chewing. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68 |
12030 | Dalea purpurea var. purpurea 1226 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 94 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root chewed for the pleasant taste. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94 |
29401 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29415 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29425 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29431 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cottony fruits used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
38006 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38011 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38014 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38017 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38019 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
21573 | Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook. 2333 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots left in the sun until gum came out and hardened and used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52 |
27658 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
37692 | Senecio spartioides var. multicapitatus (Greenm. ex Rydb.) Welsh 3648 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root bark used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
38917 | Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. 3828 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
3803 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy latex mixed with clean clay and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
6196 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
6219 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
12899 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
12911 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus 1364 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
17610 | Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker 1953 | Spanish American 249 | c35 19 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 30 |
29436 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29449 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29953 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 43 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Beans toasted and eaten as a confection by sucking out the juice. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43 |
29963 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | White resinous secretions used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
21101 | Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. 2259 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 79 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flower nectar sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
6099 | Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. 429 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 196 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Stem sap boiled in water until coagulation and used as chewing gum. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 196 |
14375 | Eschscholzia californica Cham. 1567 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 232 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers chewed with chewing gum. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232 |
27227 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
27263 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
31262 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31279 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31303 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
236 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
237 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
238 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
239 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 123 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
5337 | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
12967 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Peeled berries mixed with grease, stored in a cool place and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102 |
14398 | Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara 1571 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
24995 | Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr. 2697 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root chewed, especially during the winter, as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
27392 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
13096 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum secretions chewed by children. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
15406 | Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz 1674 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions heated over coals and chewed by children. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30106 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches and chewed. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30107 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches, dried, ground, boiled in gruel, cooled and eaten like candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
32026 | Quercus emoryi Torr. 3260 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 47 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Acorns chewed as a confection. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47 |
543 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 4 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap mixed with shavings from inner sides of animal hides and eaten as candy. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4 |
6201 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 66 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66 |
19535 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 22 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Solidified pitch chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
27413 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitchy secretions chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
27936 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 50 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50 |
9464 | Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 897 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky sap used to make gum. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
1910 | Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson 106 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 74 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex dried and used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
19554 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 25 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap hardened and eaten like candy. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
28007 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Green buds chewed and the juice sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
28008 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
1906 | Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. 105 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 493 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice chewed as gum. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493 |
27024 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 2 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Hard pitch used for chewing gum. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
29543 | Populus sp. 3105 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 71 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Berries chewed as gum with chili. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
41115 | Typha angustifolia L. 4047 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 64 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Mature heads chewed with tallow as gum. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 64 |
6074 | Asclepias asperula ssp. capricornu (Woods.) Woods. 424 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 363 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex used as a chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 363 |
9798 | Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. 935 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 364 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 364 |
31150 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 378 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum used for chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378 |
37684 | Senecio sp. 3646 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 381 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex used as a chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
6200 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 184 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried, hardened milk used for chewing gum. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184 |
27775 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 93 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed for gum. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
27191 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cooled, rendered pitch chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27424 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
29018 | Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev. 3079 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Children chewed the thick rhizomes. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );