uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
229 rows where use_subcategory = 85 sorted by rawsource
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource ▼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22494 | Matricaria discoidea DC. 2423 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 38 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant tops chewed by children for the pleasant flavor. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
26918 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | a39 167 | 716 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin chewed for pleasure. | Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 |
6082 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex boiled, condensed and chewed. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
6084 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried latex chewed by the older people at their leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
31230 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young sprouts used to chew. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
40445 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 58 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant chewed like tobacco, 'just to raise heck.' | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58 |
6111 | Asclepias erosa Torr. 430 | Coahuilla 42 | b67 168 | 75 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap collected, set aside to solidify, heated over the fire and used as a chewing gum. | Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 75 |
9464 | Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 897 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky sap used to make gum. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
26888 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Algonquin, Quebec 7 | b80 67 | 73 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin chewed like chewing gum. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 73 |
1790 | Agave palmeri Engelm. 93 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1817 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1818 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
29967 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 176 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried beans pounded into flour and eaten as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
16675 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 184 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Seeds parched and ground with mescal to taste like candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
27537 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27785 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
11435 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 521 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Inner bark chewed as gum. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
12022 | Dalea purpurea var. purpurea 1226 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 523 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed for sweet flavor. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 523 |
27054 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 69 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used to chew. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69 |
6197 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Milk' squeezed from leaves and stems and chewed as gum. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
29437 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
13096 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum secretions chewed by children. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
15406 | Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz 1674 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions heated over coals and chewed by children. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30106 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches and chewed. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30107 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches, dried, ground, boiled in gruel, cooled and eaten like candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
32026 | Quercus emoryi Torr. 3260 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 47 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Acorns chewed as a confection. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47 |
8186 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17 |
38880 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17 |
12899 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
12911 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus 1364 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
17610 | Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker 1953 | Spanish American 249 | c35 19 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 30 |
3803 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy latex mixed with clean clay and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
6196 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
6219 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29436 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29449 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29953 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 43 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Beans toasted and eaten as a confection by sucking out the juice. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43 |
29963 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | White resinous secretions used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
6074 | Asclepias asperula ssp. capricornu (Woods.) Woods. 424 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 363 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex used as a chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 363 |
9798 | Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. 935 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 364 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 364 |
31150 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 378 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum used for chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378 |
37684 | Senecio sp. 3646 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 381 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex used as a chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
28151 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Wailaki 273 | c02 89 | 307 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed by children for pleasure. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307 |
6479 | Astragalus ceramicus Sheldon 468 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 291 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet roots eaten by children. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 291 |
7754 | Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray 677 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 295 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Raw roots filled with sugar and eaten by children in early spring. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 295 |
14215 | Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'H‚r. ex Ait. 1547 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 313 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed by children, sometimes as gum. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 313 |
29542 | Populus sp. 3105 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 346 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Berries' chewed as gum, particularly with chili. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 346 |
27178 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 175 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like chewing gum. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
15771 | Gentiana douglasiana Bong. 1716 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 252 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 252 |
3919 | Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. 303 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 262 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262 |
27250 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 68 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch boiled and used for chewing. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68 |
13101 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin used as a primitive chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102 |
16620 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Inner pulp of stalks used as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
16621 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Petals used by children as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
29487 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 109 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young, green pods chewed as gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109 |
1777 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heads baked, sliced, dried and eaten like candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 48 |
14732 | Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo 1608 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 55 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make cactus candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
14743 | Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 1610 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 55 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make cactus candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
15407 | Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz 1674 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 82 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milk extracted from main stem, baked or boiled and used as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 82 |
30144 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 93 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum formerly eaten raw as a sweet. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
30082 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 96 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fresh, sugary pods chewed by children. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96 |
27783 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 88 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet exudation chewed as gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
27612 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
29453 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 38 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap or catkins, alone or mixed with animal fat, used for chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
32343 | Quercus pungens Liebm. 3284 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 41 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum used for chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41 |
17602 | Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hook.) Cockerell 1952 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 80 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 80 |
9695 | Chloracantha spinosa (Benth.) Nesom 919 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 83 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Stems chewed for gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
17601 | Hymenoxys hoopesii (Gray) Bierner 1951 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 87 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
6480 | Astragalus ceramicus var. ceramicus 469 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 16 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots eaten as a sweet. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
12012 | Dalea lanata Spreng. 1222 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 16 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Scraped roots eaten as a sweet. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
5749 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed as gum. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
13669 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa 1454 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root bark chewed like gum. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
26613 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap crystallized, gathered and eaten like candy. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
27747 | Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. 2963 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap crystallized, gathered and eaten like candy. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
27866 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed as gum. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
27228 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 234 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234 |
29534 | Populus sp. 3105 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 361 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit seeds used by children as chewing gum. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 361 |
38006 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38011 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38014 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38017 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38019 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
29401 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29415 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29425 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29431 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cottony fruits used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
12030 | Dalea purpurea var. purpurea 1226 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 94 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root chewed for the pleasant taste. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94 |
27775 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 93 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed for gum. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
6200 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 184 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried, hardened milk used for chewing gum. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184 |
27227 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
27263 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
31262 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31279 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31303 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
20457 | Liquidambar styraciflua L. 2210 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 58 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Hardened gum used for chewing gum. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
19535 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 22 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Solidified pitch chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
543 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 4 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap mixed with shavings from inner sides of animal hides and eaten as candy. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4 |
27936 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 50 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50 |
27413 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitchy secretions chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
6201 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 66 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );