uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
229 rows where use_subcategory = 85 sorted by pageno
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▼ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
236 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
237 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
238 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
5337 | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
12967 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Peeled berries mixed with grease, stored in a cool place and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102 |
13101 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin used as a primitive chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102 |
27480 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
14398 | Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara 1571 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
16620 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Inner pulp of stalks used as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
16621 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Petals used by children as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
24995 | Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr. 2697 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root chewed, especially during the winter, as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
13599 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. consimilis var. oreophila (A. Nels.) Nesom & Baird 1449 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 104 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed until gummy as a 'chewing gum.' | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 104 |
27392 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
6239 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 105 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried sap chewed as gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 105 |
29487 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 109 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young, green pods chewed as gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109 |
9812 | Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. 935 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 115 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as chewing gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
13667 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa 1454 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 115 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as chewing gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
6919 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 117 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root pitch chewed as gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117 |
27658 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
14351 | Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh 1561 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 121 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Small root ends of corms eaten as candy by children. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121 |
239 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 123 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
8464 | Castilleja hispida Benth. 786 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 127 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet nectar sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
8513 | Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook. 790 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 127 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet nectar sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
542 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 13 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap boiled, added to animal hide shavings and eaten as a relished candy. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13 |
6080 | Asclepias californica Greene 425 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves roasted under hot ashes and chewed. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
6081 | Asclepias californica Greene 425 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice boiled until thick and chewed like chewing gum. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
38006 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38011 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38014 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38017 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
38019 | Silphium laciniatum L. 3686 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 132 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from upper part of stem used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 132 |
6202 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 14 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice hardened and chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
24726 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 14 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pad strips peeled, parboiled, boiled and used as chewing gum. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14 |
24727 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 14 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pads peeled, sliced, roasted, boiled in sugar water, dried and eaten like candy. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14 |
19396 | Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung 2088 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 158 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy substance from the root used for chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
19398 | Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung 2088 | Navajo 157 | r29 45 | 158 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy substance from the root used for chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
19402 | Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung 2088 | Zuni 291 | r29 45 | 158 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy substance from the root used for chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
29168 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29177 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Navajo 157 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29179 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Zuni 291 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29438 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29452 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Navajo 157 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29461 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Zuni 291 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
31145 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
31245 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
6480 | Astragalus ceramicus var. ceramicus 469 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 16 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots eaten as a sweet. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
12012 | Dalea lanata Spreng. 1222 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 16 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Scraped roots eaten as a sweet. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
1912 | Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson 106 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 167 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167 |
1790 | Agave palmeri Engelm. 93 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1817 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1818 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
8186 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17 |
27227 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
27263 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
38880 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17 |
27178 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 175 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like chewing gum. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
29967 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 176 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried beans pounded into flour and eaten as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
6200 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 184 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried, hardened milk used for chewing gum. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184 |
16675 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 184 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Seeds parched and ground with mescal to taste like candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
27537 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27785 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
40542 | Tragopogon sp. 3987 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex chewed for pleasure and later swallowed. The stems were broken, the sap squeezed out, allowed to harden and then chewed for pleasure. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 185 |
6082 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex boiled, condensed and chewed. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
6084 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried latex chewed by the older people at their leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
6112 | Asclepias erosa Torr. 430 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Juice roasted until congealed and used as chewing gum. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 19 |
31262 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31279 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31303 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
6099 | Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. 429 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 196 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Stem sap boiled in water until coagulation and used as chewing gum. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 196 |
21117 | Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. 2259 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 196 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Nectar sucked from flowers by children. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196 |
27024 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 2 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Hard pitch used for chewing gum. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
37922 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 209 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Berries made into juice and used to make a frothy confection. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209 |
13930 | Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. lanatum (Brand) Jepson 1492 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 21 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Decoction of leaves and honey boiled down into a syrup or candy and used by children. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 21 |
27612 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
6179 | Asclepias sp. 441 | Karok 105 | m66 109 | 212 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Juice used for chewing gum. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 212 |
29473 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 213 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Berries' eaten or chewed like gum. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213 |
3802 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 22 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum mixed with clean clay and used for chewing gum. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22 |
19535 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 22 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Solidified pitch chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
29976 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 228 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pods eaten raw like a stick of candy. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 228 |
14375 | Eschscholzia californica Cham. 1567 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 232 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers chewed with chewing gum. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232 |
27228 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 234 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234 |
18336 | Juncus balticus Willd. 2038 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 246 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sugar, formed along tops of plants, gathered and eaten as candy. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 246 |
19554 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 25 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap hardened and eaten like candy. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
22424 | Marrubium vulgare L. 2417 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 25 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Infusion of leaves mixed with honey and made into candy. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 25 |
15771 | Gentiana douglasiana Bong. 1716 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 252 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 252 |
12899 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
12911 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus 1364 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
3919 | Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. 303 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 262 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262 |
13100 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 265 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Amber colored gum used for chewing gum. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
29459 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 265 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used for chewing gum in early spring. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
35414 | Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. 3487 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 265 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used for chewing gum by school girls. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
12898 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 27 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar and used to make candy. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
13096 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum secretions chewed by children. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
15406 | Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz 1674 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions heated over coals and chewed by children. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30106 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches and chewed. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30107 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches, dried, ground, boiled in gruel, cooled and eaten like candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
28007 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Green buds chewed and the juice sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
28008 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
31130 | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium 3194 | Rappahannock 211 | shc42 102 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed for 'fun.' | Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 29 |
6479 | Astragalus ceramicus Sheldon 468 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 291 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet roots eaten by children. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 291 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );