uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
229 rows where use_subcategory = 85
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18336 | Juncus balticus Willd. 2038 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 246 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sugar, formed along tops of plants, gathered and eaten as candy. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 246 |
19396 | Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung 2088 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 158 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy substance from the root used for chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
19398 | Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung 2088 | Navajo 157 | r29 45 | 158 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy substance from the root used for chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
19401 | Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung 2088 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 68 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried root gum used as chewing gum. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 68 |
19402 | Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung 2088 | Zuni 291 | r29 45 | 158 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy substance from the root used for chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
19535 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 22 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Solidified pitch chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
19554 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 25 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap hardened and eaten like candy. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
19558 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 43 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Syrup or 'dark sugar' gathered as a confection. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 43 |
19577 | Larix occidentalis Nutt. 2100 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 99 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from trunk and branches chewed for pleasure. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
20457 | Liquidambar styraciflua L. 2210 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 58 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Hardened gum used for chewing gum. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
21099 | Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. 2259 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 99 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Tubes formerly sucked by children for sweet nectar. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 99 |
21101 | Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. 2259 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 79 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flower nectar sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
21117 | Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. 2259 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 196 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Nectar sucked from flowers by children. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196 |
21573 | Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook. 2333 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots left in the sun until gum came out and hardened and used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52 |
21584 | Lygodesmia sp. 2334 | Washo 276 | m90 111 | 56 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant gum used for chewing gum. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 56 |
22424 | Marrubium vulgare L. 2417 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 25 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Infusion of leaves mixed with honey and made into candy. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 25 |
22494 | Matricaria discoidea DC. 2423 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 38 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant tops chewed by children for the pleasant flavor. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
22800 | Mentha sp. 2444 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fresh leaves frequently chewed. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 48 |
24726 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 14 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pad strips peeled, parboiled, boiled and used as chewing gum. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14 |
24727 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 14 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pads peeled, sliced, roasted, boiled in sugar water, dried and eaten like candy. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14 |
24824 | Opuntia sp. 2670 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Ripe fruits gathered in large quantities and employed in making candy. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45 |
24995 | Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Torr. 2697 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root chewed, especially during the winter, as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
26613 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap crystallized, gathered and eaten like candy. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
26888 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Algonquin, Quebec 7 | b80 67 | 73 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin chewed like chewing gum. | Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 73 |
26909 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed as a confection. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
26910 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed for pleasure. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
26918 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | a39 167 | 716 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin chewed for pleasure. | Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 |
26956 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Koyukon 118 | n83 158 | 50 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
27024 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 2 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Hard pitch used for chewing gum. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
27054 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 69 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used to chew. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69 |
27073 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 49 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed for pleasure. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49 |
27178 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 175 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like chewing gum. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
27191 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 41 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cooled, rendered pitch chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
27218 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 293 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 293 |
27227 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
27228 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 234 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234 |
27250 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 68 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch boiled and used for chewing. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68 |
27263 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
27303 | Picea sp. 2939 | Penobscot 192 | s17 103 | 309 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum extensively chewed as a 'pastime.' | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
27392 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
27413 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitchy secretions chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
27424 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 44 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed like gum. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
27480 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young shoots of branches chewed for the honey. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
27537 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27581 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 35 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
27612 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 21 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
27658 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
27747 | Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. 2963 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap crystallized, gathered and eaten like candy. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
27775 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 93 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed for gum. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
27783 | Pinus lambertiana Dougl. 2964 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 88 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet exudation chewed as gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
27785 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27866 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed as gum. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
27936 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 50 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 50 |
28007 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Green buds chewed and the juice sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
28008 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
28022 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 40 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried pitch used as chewing gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
28151 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Wailaki 273 | c02 89 | 307 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed by children for pleasure. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307 |
29011 | Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. 3076 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 91 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice flavor. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91 |
29015 | Polypodium hesperium Maxon 3077 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 91 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Rhizomes chewed for the pleasant, sweet, licorice taste. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 91 |
29018 | Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev. 3079 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Children chewed the thick rhizomes. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
29168 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29177 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Navajo 157 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29179 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Zuni 291 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29401 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29415 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29425 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29431 | Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder 3100 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 72 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cottony fruits used as chewing gum by children. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
29436 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29437 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
29438 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29442 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 39 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit used by children for chewing gum. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
29446 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 62 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton used by children for chewing gum. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
29449 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cotton from the pistillate catkins used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
29452 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Navajo 157 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29453 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 38 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap or catkins, alone or mixed with animal fat, used for chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
29459 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 265 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used for chewing gum in early spring. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
29461 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Zuni 291 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Buds used as chewing gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
29473 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 213 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Berries' eaten or chewed like gum. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213 |
29487 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 109 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young, green pods chewed as gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 109 |
29534 | Populus sp. 3105 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 361 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit seeds used by children as chewing gum. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 361 |
29542 | Populus sp. 3105 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 346 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Berries' chewed as gum, particularly with chili. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 346 |
29543 | Populus sp. 3105 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 71 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Berries chewed as gum with chili. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
29953 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 43 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Beans toasted and eaten as a confection by sucking out the juice. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 43 |
29954 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 39 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roasted beans eaten as a confection. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
29963 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | White resinous secretions used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
29967 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 176 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried beans pounded into flour and eaten as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
29976 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 228 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pods eaten raw like a stick of candy. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 228 |
30082 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 96 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fresh, sugary pods chewed by children. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96 |
30106 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches and chewed. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30107 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions found on branches, dried, ground, boiled in gruel, cooled and eaten like candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
30144 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 93 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum formerly eaten raw as a sweet. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
30145 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 74 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | White gum used to make candy. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 74 |
30431 | Prunus gracilis Engelm. & Gray 3169 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried fruit used as an ingredient in making candy. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
31130 | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium 3194 | Rappahannock 211 | shc42 102 | 29 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed for 'fun.' | Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 29 |
31145 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
31150 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 378 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum used for chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 378 |
31230 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Young sprouts used to chew. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
31245 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch used as gum. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
31262 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
31279 | Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 3201 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pitch chewed as a gum. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );