uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
229 rows where use_subcategory = 85
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17 | Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes 1 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 71 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
168 | Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 71 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
193 | Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 50 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum from inside the bark, next to the trunk, chewed. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
236 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. The confection was an aid to digestion as well as a delicacy. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
237 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
238 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Cones pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with backfat and marrow and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
239 | Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 123 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin chewed for bad breath and pleasure. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
542 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 13 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap boiled, added to animal hide shavings and eaten as a relished candy. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13 |
543 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 4 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap mixed with shavings from inner sides of animal hides and eaten as candy. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4 |
709 | Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 92 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Children made taffy by cooling the maple sap in the snow. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92 |
1777 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heads baked, sliced, dried and eaten like candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 48 |
1779 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 6 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant dried and used as sweets. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6 |
1790 | Agave palmeri Engelm. 93 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1817 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1818 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Heart of the crown eaten by children as candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1896 | Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene 102 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 389 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root juice used for chewing gum. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389 |
1906 | Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. 105 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 493 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice chewed as gum. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493 |
1910 | Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson 106 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 74 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex dried and used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
1912 | Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson 106 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 167 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex used as chewing gum. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 167 |
3066 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. cusickii (Fern.) C.L. Hitchc. 206 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 83 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Mashed berries formed into cakes, sun dried and eaten as candy. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 83 |
3619 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed by children for the flavor. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
3802 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 22 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum mixed with clean clay and used for chewing gum. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 22 |
3803 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gummy latex mixed with clean clay and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
3807 | Apocynum cannabinum L. 297 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 47 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex used as chewing gum. After the latex was squeezed from the plant, it was allowed to stand over night, whereupon it hardened into a 'white gum.' Two kinds of gum were recognized; that which was left overnight, and that which was chewed only a few hours after it had been extracted from the plant. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47 |
3919 | Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. 303 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 262 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262 |
5337 | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
5749 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum chewed as gum. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
6074 | Asclepias asperula ssp. capricornu (Woods.) Woods. 424 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 363 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex used as a chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 363 |
6080 | Asclepias californica Greene 425 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves roasted under hot ashes and chewed. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
6081 | Asclepias californica Greene 425 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 13 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice boiled until thick and chewed like chewing gum. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 13 |
6082 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Latex boiled, condensed and chewed. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
6084 | Asclepias cordifolia (Benth.) Jepson 426 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried latex chewed by the older people at their leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 19 |
6095 | Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. 429 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 388 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milk stirred, heated, mixed with salmon fat or deer grease and used for chewing gum. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
6099 | Asclepias eriocarpa Benth. 429 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 196 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Stem sap boiled in water until coagulation and used as chewing gum. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 196 |
6111 | Asclepias erosa Torr. 430 | Coahuilla 42 | b67 168 | 75 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sap collected, set aside to solidify, heated over the fire and used as a chewing gum. | Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 75 |
6112 | Asclepias erosa Torr. 430 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 19 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Juice roasted until congealed and used as chewing gum. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 19 |
6179 | Asclepias sp. 441 | Karok 105 | m66 109 | 212 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Juice used for chewing gum. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 212 |
6196 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
6197 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 45 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | 'Milk' squeezed from leaves and stems and chewed as gum. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
6200 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 184 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried, hardened milk used for chewing gum. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 184 |
6201 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | h92 30 | 66 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 66 |
6202 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 14 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice hardened and chewed as gum. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
6218 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky juice used as chewing gum. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
6219 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 31 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky latex allowed to harden and used as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 31 |
6239 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 105 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Dried sap chewed as gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 105 |
6248 | Asclepias speciosa Torr. 442 | Shoshoni 232 | m90 111 | 56 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milk rolled in hand and used for gum. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 56 |
6270 | Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail 445 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Ripe seed silk mixed with grease and used as chewing gum. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 30 |
6479 | Astragalus ceramicus Sheldon 468 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 291 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet roots eaten by children. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 291 |
6480 | Astragalus ceramicus var. ceramicus 469 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 16 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots eaten as a sweet. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
6919 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 117 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root pitch chewed as gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117 |
7754 | Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray 677 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 295 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Raw roots filled with sugar and eaten by children in early spring. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 295 |
8186 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago and Pima 189 | cb37 151 | 17 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17 |
8214 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 6 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruits used as sweets. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6 |
8464 | Castilleja hispida Benth. 786 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 127 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet nectar sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
8513 | Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook. 790 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 127 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Sweet nectar sucked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
9249 | Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia 880 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 67 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Leaves chewed for the pleasant taste. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67 |
9464 | Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 897 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 52 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milky sap used to make gum. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
9695 | Chloracantha spinosa (Benth.) Nesom 919 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 83 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Stems chewed for gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 83 |
9798 | Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. 935 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 364 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as chewing gum. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 364 |
9812 | Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. 935 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 115 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as chewing gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
11435 | Crataegus sp. 1131 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 521 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Inner bark chewed as gum. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
12012 | Dalea lanata Spreng. 1222 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 16 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Scraped roots eaten as a sweet. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
12015 | Dalea lasiathera Gray 1224 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 69 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root chewed, especially by children, and greatly enjoyed. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 69 |
12022 | Dalea purpurea var. purpurea 1226 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 523 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed for sweet flavor. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 523 |
12023 | Dalea purpurea var. purpurea 1226 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 47 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed as a gum. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 47 |
12030 | Dalea purpurea var. purpurea 1226 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 94 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root chewed for the pleasant taste. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 94 |
12898 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 27 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar and used to make candy. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
12899 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. 1363 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
12911 | Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus 1364 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 26 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
12967 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Peeled berries mixed with grease, stored in a cool place and eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102 |
13096 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gum secretions chewed by children. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
13100 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 265 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Amber colored gum used for chewing gum. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
13101 | Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. 1395 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 102 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Resin used as a primitive chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102 |
13599 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. consimilis var. oreophila (A. Nels.) Nesom & Baird 1449 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 104 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed until gummy as a 'chewing gum.' | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 104 |
13667 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa 1454 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 115 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as chewing gum. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 115 |
13669 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa 1454 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 53 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root bark chewed like gum. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
13930 | Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. lanatum (Brand) Jepson 1492 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 21 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Decoction of leaves and honey boiled down into a syrup or candy and used by children. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 21 |
14215 | Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'H‚r. ex Ait. 1547 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 313 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed by children, sometimes as gum. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 313 |
14351 | Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh 1561 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 121 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Small root ends of corms eaten as candy by children. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 121 |
14375 | Eschscholzia californica Cham. 1567 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 232 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers chewed with chewing gum. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232 |
14398 | Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara 1571 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Fruit eaten as a confection. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
14606 | Euphorbia marginata Pursh 1591 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 36 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 36 |
14607 | Euphorbia marginata Pursh 1591 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 36 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 36 |
14608 | Euphorbia marginata Pursh 1591 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 36 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used for chewing gum. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 36 |
14732 | Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo 1608 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 55 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make cactus candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
14743 | Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 1610 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 55 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Used to make cactus candy. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
14757 | Ficus aurea Nutt. 1616 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 481 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant used for chewing gum. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 481 |
15406 | Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz 1674 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Gumlike secretions heated over coals and chewed by children. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
15407 | Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum (Vail) Kartesz 1674 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 82 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Milk extracted from main stem, baked or boiled and used as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 82 |
15771 | Gentiana douglasiana Bong. 1716 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 252 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 252 |
16620 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Inner pulp of stalks used as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
16621 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Petals used by children as chewing gum. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
16675 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 184 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Seeds parched and ground with mescal to taste like candy. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
17569 | Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. 1942 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 68 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root used as chewing gum. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 68 |
17601 | Hymenoxys hoopesii (Gray) Bierner 1951 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 87 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
17602 | Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hook.) Cockerell 1952 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 80 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Plant used as a chewing gum. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 80 |
17606 | Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker 1953 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 32 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots used as chewing gum. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
17608 | Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker 1953 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 48 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root used as chewing gum. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
17610 | Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker 1953 | Spanish American 249 | c35 19 | 30 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Roots chewed as chewing gum. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 30 |
17611 | Hymenoxys richardsonii var. floribunda (Gray) Parker 1953 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 56 | Food 1 | Candy 85 | Root skins pounded and the gummy material chewed as gum. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 56 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );