uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
458 rows where use_subcategory = 75 sorted by rawsource
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource ▼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
41296 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2226 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pollen used for flour. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 |
20507 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20508 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20537 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20544 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20545 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns leached and ground into flour. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
32259 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 142 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
21766 | Madia elegans D. Don ex Lindl. 2360 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 154 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pulverized seeds eaten as a dry meal. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 154 |
21780 | Madia gracilis (Sm.) Keck & J. Clausen ex Applegate 2363 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 154 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched, pulverized seeds made into oily meal and readily picked up in lumps. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 154 |
17685 | Hypericum scouleri ssp. scouleri 1969 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Eaten fresh, dried or ground into flour and used like acorn meal. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 158 |
13269 | Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven 1415 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 86 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
16733 | Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii (Greene) Babcock & Hall 1843 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 86 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
16735 | Hemizonia congesta ssp. luzulifolia (DC.) Babcock & Hall 1844 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 86 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
26059 | Perideridia kelloggii (Gray) Mathias 2833 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 86 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
6762 | Avena fatua L. 528 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21767 | Madia elegans D. Don ex Lindl. 2360 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21770 | Madia elegans ssp. densifolia (Greene) Keck 2361 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21781 | Madia gracilis (Sm.) Keck & J. Clausen ex Applegate 2363 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21785 | Madia sativa Molina 2364 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
21786 | Madia sativa Molina 2364 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
32694 | Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis 3312 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
32695 | Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis 3312 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
36404 | Salvia columbariae Benth. 3557 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
43595 | Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt. 4199 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
43612 | Wyethia longicaulis Gray 4203 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 87 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
26045 | Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri 2832 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 89 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 89 |
26046 | Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri 2832 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 89 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Tubers eaten raw, cooked or used for pinole. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 89 |
29947 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 37 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans ground into flour, mixed with other plant foods and eaten. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 37 |
44026 | Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. 4228 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Trunks pit cooked, pounded and made into flour. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 40 |
30018 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 107 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods dried and ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
30062 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pod meal and water used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30063 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods used as one of the important food staples. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30064 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ripe pods allowed to dry or picked after fully dried and ground into meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30878 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 119 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground pit used as a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119 |
5862 | Arthrocnemum subterminale (Parish) Standl. 412 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 135 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 135 |
36363 | Salvia apiana Jepson 3555 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into a flour and used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
36383 | Salvia columbariae Benth. 3557 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour and used to make cakes or mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
36457 | Salvia mellifera Greene 3561 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
37532 | Scirpus sp. 3614 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 139 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
37533 | Scirpus sp. 3614 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 139 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten raw or ground into mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
39026 | Suaeda sp. 3847 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 141 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into flour and used to make mush and cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
41188 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 142 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried roots ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142 |
4357 | Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. 335 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4375 | Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. 336 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4465 | Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth 343 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
6173 | Asclepias sp. 441 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 43 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43 |
12866 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
14727 | Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus 1607 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24567 | Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow 2643 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24590 | Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. 2647 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24592 | Opuntia californica var. parkeri (Coult.) Pinkava 2648 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24633 | Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii 2654 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24649 | Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. 2658 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24791 | Opuntia ramosissima Engelm. 2669 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
9465 | Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 897 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 52 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
44679 | Ziziphus parryi Torr. 4259 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Leached nutlet of the drupe ground into a flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56 |
14208 | Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray 1544 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 72 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 72 |
16561 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 76 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried seeds ground and mixed with flour from other seeds. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 76 |
24349 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 94 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roasted pods and seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
43953 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds dried, stored in baskets and ground into meal when needed. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
16569 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Gros Ventre 82 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16588 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Mandan 135 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16628 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Ree 212 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
20719 | Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose 2230 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Spring roots reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
20759 | Lomatium cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2234 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Spring roots eaten or reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
20760 | Lomatium cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose 2234 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Spring roots reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
21051 | Lomatium simplex var. simplex 2252 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Spring roots reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
21064 | Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose 2254 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Spring roots reduced to flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
573 | Acer negundo var. negundo 29 | Sioux 238 | b05 73 | 16 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Sap boiled down in the spring and made into sugar. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16 |
28923 | Polygonum douglasii Greene 3064 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 18 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds made into meal. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
30918 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 19 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruit used as an important ingredient in the preparation of 'pemmican.' Pemmican was made by the Sioux and other tribes by mixing certain berries, such as the buffalo berry, the choke cherry and the sarvice berry with the fat of the buffalo, pounding up the whole which was then packed away in skins. Sometimes jerked buffalo was put into an oven to render it brittle, beaten up on a skin with these berries, some marrow fat being added to give consistency, and finally packed in skin bags. This was a regular article of commerce and highly prized by the old trappers and hunters for its portability as a condensed food and for its keeping qualities. Later the flesh and tallow of the ox was substituted for that of the buffalo and is still used to some extent. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
37387 | Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus 3603 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 23 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots made into flour and used to make bread. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23 |
6891 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 8 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roasted seeds ground into a flour. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8 |
9405 | Chenopodium album L. 894 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 9 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into flour and made into bread. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 9 |
35253 | Rumex crispus L. 3485 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 249 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
21369 | Lupinus sp. 2306 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 250 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250 |
7646 | Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav¢n) DC. 661 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 251 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds, in great quantities, used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 251 |
36386 | Salvia columbariae Benth. 3557 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 253 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 253 |
16736 | Hemizonia corymbosa (DC.) Torr. & Gray 1845 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 254 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
19743 | Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Gray 2119 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 254 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
13043 | Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus 1386 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
14753 | Festuca sp. 1614 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
17404 | Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev 1911 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
43591 | Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt. 4199 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
43651 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
32309 | Quercus nigra L. 3276 | Choctaw 39 | bd09 118 | 8 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pounded acorns boiled and made into a meal. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8 |
32310 | Quercus nigra L. 3276 | Choctaw 39 | bd09 118 | 8 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pounded acorns used as cornmeal. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8 |
29970 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 176 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fresh pods pounded into a flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
27539 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27540 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as a staple food. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27787 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27788 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as a staple food. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
29950 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 523 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods made into a meal and used for food. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 523 |
24605 | Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow 2652 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Buds and joints used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
2887 | Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng. 202 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 17 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17 |
26491 | Pholisma sonorae (Torr. ex Gray) Yatskievych 2892 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 17 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as a staple root crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17 |
8171 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds made into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
38874 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 22 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds made into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
43915 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 23 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits used as an important staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23 |
30110 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 25 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans ground into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );