uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
458 rows where use_subcategory = 75 sorted by notes
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31900 | Quercus alba L. 3253 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns boiled, simmered to remove lye, ground, sifted, cooked in soup stock to flavor and eaten. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
32259 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 142 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
20537 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20544 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20507 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
31947 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31971 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32009 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32150 | Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson 3266 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32196 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32249 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32603 | Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm. 3296 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31848 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 193 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns eaten as a staple food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
32201 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 193 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns eaten as a staple food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
32090 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 22 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns eaten raw, boiled, roasted in ashes or dried, ground and cooked like corn meal. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
20515 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Poliklah 199 | m66 109 | 168 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns form one of the principal foods. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 168 |
20546 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok, South Coast (Nererner) 290 | m66 109 | 168 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns form one of the principal foods. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 168 |
32076 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 41 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns formerly used as a staple food. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
31849 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
31952 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32202 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32221 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 52 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into flour, leached and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52 |
32109 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 64 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into flour. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64 |
32056 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32063 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Cochiti 43 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32079 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32097 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | San Felipe 222 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32101 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32103 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Cochiti 43 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32111 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32115 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | San Felipe 222 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
20545 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns leached and ground into flour. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
32384 | Quercus rubra L. 3285 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 402 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns leached with lye and used as of the most important starchy foods. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402 |
32325 | Quercus peninsularis Trel. 3280 | Diegueno 65 | h75 122 | 216 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns pounded, sun dried, ground and leached. | Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
20535 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used as the basic staple. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
31961 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used as the basic staple. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
32146 | Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. 3265 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used as the basic staple. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
32235 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used as the basic staple. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
32217 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Modesse 145 | m66 109 | 223 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used as the principal vegetable food. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
20498 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hahwunkwut 83 | m66 109 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make a meal. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187 |
32552 | Quercus velutina Lam. 3293 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 49 |
20508 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20501 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hupa 98 | m66 109 | 200 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make meal. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200 |
30048 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 181 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans dried thoroughly and pounded into meal. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181 |
24366 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 93 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans formerly pit roasted, ground, mixed with water and eaten as pinole. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
30110 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 25 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans ground into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25 |
29947 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 37 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans ground into flour, mixed with other plant foods and eaten. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 37 |
30147 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 74 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans parched, ground and eaten as pinole. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 74 |
24358 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
25501 | Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. 2747 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
30084 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 75 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans pit cooked, dried, pounded and eaten as pinole. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 75 |
30085 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans pit roasted for several days, dried and ground into a pinole. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
30111 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans pounded in mortars and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
30089 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 5 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans used to make flour. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
30165 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 5 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans used to make flour. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
12866 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
14727 | Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus 1607 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24567 | Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow 2643 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24590 | Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. 2647 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24592 | Opuntia californica var. parkeri (Coult.) Pinkava 2648 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24633 | Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii 2654 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24649 | Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. 2658 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24791 | Opuntia ramosissima Engelm. 2669 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
30721 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries considered a staple. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
26710 | Physalis pubescens L. 2918 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 17 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries dried, ground into a flour and stored for winter use. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 17 |
33196 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 26 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries ground into a flour. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26 |
18421 | Juniperus californica Carr. 2053 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries seeded, pounded into a meal and eaten. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
3016 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
3144 | Amelanchier sp. 214 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
4635 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
10980 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
11423 | Crataegus rivularis Nutt. 1130 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
14947 | Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
22030 | Mahonia sp. 2377 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
30926 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
33412 | Ribes cereum Dougl. 3363 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
33562 | Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. 3375 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
33741 | Ribes sp. 3396 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
34183 | Rosa sp. 3432 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
34627 | Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 3457 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
34938 | Rubus sp. 3469 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
36925 | Sambucus sp. 3570 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
37871 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
42071 | Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr. 4077 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
42137 | Vaccinium myrtillus L. 4080 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
2921 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a staple food. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
26353 | Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2873 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 69 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berry used as a staple article of food. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69 |
24605 | Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow 2652 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Buds and joints used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
7869 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 14 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs formerly fire baked and used as a sweet and nutritious staple. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
15357 | Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl. 1668 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 119 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs pounded into a flour. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 119 |
2121 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 10 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs used as a staple food. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |
2133 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Kutenai 120 | h92 30 | 10 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs used as a staple food. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |
27447 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Cambium layer used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
28017 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Cambium layer used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
40959 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Gitksan 78 | g92 166 | 150 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Cambium pit cooked, pounded, formed into cakes, dried, stored and eaten as a staple food. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150 |
40963 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla 86 | g92 166 | 150 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Cambium pit cooked, pounded, formed into cakes, dried, stored and eaten as a staple food. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 150 |
19306 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Considered a very important source of food before the introduction of wheat. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
31507 | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 3214 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 90 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Cooked, inner rhizome pounded into a flour and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 90 |
35570 | Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon 3508 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 396 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Corms, a most valued food, boiled fresh, dried or candied with maple sugar. Muskrat and beavers store them in large caches, which the Indians have learned to recognize and appropriate. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396 |
40829 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Sia 234 | w62 159 | 106 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Corn and wheat, the most important foods, used for food. | White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE Bulletin #, page 106 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );