uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
458 rows where use_subcategory = 75 sorted by notes
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44511 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Sia 234 | w62 159 | 106 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Corn and wheat, the most important foods, used for food. | White, Leslie A., 1962, The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, XXX SI-BAE Bulletin #, page 106 |
44440 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 76 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Corn meal used as one of the main foods. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76 |
31990 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Yana 282 | ss43 181 | 249 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried acorns ground into flour. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
32459 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried acorns ground into flour. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40 |
28143 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 92 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried nut eaten whole or pounded into a flour and mixed with pinole. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 92 |
41188 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 142 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried roots ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142 |
11988 | Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners 1217 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 58 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried roots ground into flour. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 58 |
16561 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 76 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried seeds ground and mixed with flour from other seeds. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 76 |
24733 | Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. 2665 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 14 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried seeds ground into flour. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 14 |
24374 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Yavapai 284 | g32 201 | 211 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. | Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
24103 | Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal 2596 | Klamath 115 | m90 111 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried, roasted seeds used as cereal. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 29 |
10071 | Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 979 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 92 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Eaten and considered to be almost a staple food. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92 |
17685 | Hypericum scouleri ssp. scouleri 1969 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Eaten fresh, dried or ground into flour and used like acorn meal. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 158 |
24572 | Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow 2643 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 7 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Flowers pit roasted and eaten as a staple. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
44652 | Zizania palustris L. 4255 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 403 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Formed an important staple in the diet, cooked with deer broth and maple sugar and eaten. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 403 |
29970 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 176 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fresh pods pounded into a flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 176 |
43837 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 39 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruit cooked and ground into a meal. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39 |
30090 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 7 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruit used as a staple food. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
30166 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 7 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruit used as a staple food. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
30918 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 19 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruit used as an important ingredient in the preparation of 'pemmican.' Pemmican was made by the Sioux and other tribes by mixing certain berries, such as the buffalo berry, the choke cherry and the sarvice berry with the fat of the buffalo, pounding up the whole which was then packed away in skins. Sometimes jerked buffalo was put into an oven to render it brittle, beaten up on a skin with these berries, some marrow fat being added to give consistency, and finally packed in skin bags. This was a regular article of commerce and highly prized by the old trappers and hunters for its portability as a condensed food and for its keeping qualities. Later the flesh and tallow of the ox was substituted for that of the buffalo and is still used to some extent. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
24623 | Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck 2653 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 60 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits and joints used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
29995 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 60 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits and seeds used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
44212 | Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies 4234 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits cooked and ground into a meal. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 40 |
44262 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits dried and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
4410 | Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry 337 | Numlaki 170 | c02 89 | 375 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits eaten like pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 375 |
33197 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 60 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits ground into a meal and eaten. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
33078 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Apache 10 | c35 19 | 48 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
7982 | Capsicum annuum L. 724 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 7 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits used as a staple food. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
8220 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 7 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits used as a staple food. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
43915 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 23 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits used as an important staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23 |
13057 | Elymus sp. 1391 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 101 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grain grounded into a fine powder and used in pinole. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101 |
44637 | Zizania aquatica L. 4254 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 360 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grain used as an important and prized food item. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 360 |
6771 | Avena sp. 530 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 85 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grain used in pinole, a very fine dry meal. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 85 |
40824 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grains trampled, winnowed, softened with water, pounded, dried and ground into flour. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
44645 | Zizania aquatica L. 4254 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 328 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grains used as a staple food. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 328 |
24928 | Oryza sativa L. 2691 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 207 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grains used for food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207 |
40818 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 208 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grains used for food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 208 |
44467 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 27 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Green corn roasted, shelled, ground, dried and wrapped in corn husks, like tamales, for journeys. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
29985 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 231 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground beans made into a flour and used for food in some places. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231 |
18581 | Juniperus deppeana Steud. 2056 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
18929 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
44400 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground into meal. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 67 |
30878 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 119 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground pit used as a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119 |
1153 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used as a staple before the availability of corn. After the introduction of corn, the ground seeds were mixed with corn meal and made into steamed balls or pats. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67 |
1146 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Paiute 183 | m90 111 | 32 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used for flour. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 32 |
1140 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 154 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used for food. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154 |
36403 | Salvia columbariae Benth. 3557 | Pomo 200 | m90 111 | 28 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used for pinole. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 28 |
1123 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used to make meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
1124 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used to make meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
1125 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used to make meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
16888 | Heracleum maximum Bartr. 1851 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Growing stalks used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
26248 | Peucedanum sp. 2850 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Growing stalks used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
1781 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 7 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Hearts pit roasted and used as a staple food. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
32316 | Quercus oblongifolia Torr. 3277 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 78 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Hulls removed, acorns parched, ground into meal and used for food. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 78 |
30445 | Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr. 3170 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 232 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Kernels ground into a flour and used for food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232 |
44679 | Ziziphus parryi Torr. 4259 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Leached nutlet of the drupe ground into a flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56 |
8294 | Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch 763 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8349 | Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch 767 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8435 | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 774 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
11211 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
14682 | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1603 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18212 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18293 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
28018 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nutlets or seeds used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
27539 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27787 | Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. 2965 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 185 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
27589 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 37 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts formerly used as a staple food. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
1624 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Yana 282 | ss43 181 | 251 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts ground into a fine meal and eaten. | Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 251 |
27617 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts hulled, parched and ground with corn meal to make a flour. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40 |
44430 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched corn eaten as a staple. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
36363 | Salvia apiana Jepson 3555 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into a flour and used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
36457 | Salvia mellifera Greene 3561 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
36383 | Salvia columbariae Benth. 3557 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour and used to make cakes or mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
9465 | Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 897 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 52 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
14208 | Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray 1544 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 72 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 72 |
28923 | Polygonum douglasii Greene 3064 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 18 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds made into meal. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
43639 | Xanthium sp. 4208 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 258 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched, ground seeds made into a meal and eaten dry or moistened and whole seeds stored. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258 |
26291 | Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius Freeman 2868 | Cocopa 44 | giff33 178 | 264 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched, ground, boiled beans and unparched maize made into a meal. | Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 264 |
21780 | Madia gracilis (Sm.) Keck & J. Clausen ex Applegate 2363 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 154 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched, pulverized seeds made into oily meal and readily picked up in lumps. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 154 |
24606 | Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow 2652 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 59 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 59 |
24666 | Opuntia fulgida Engelm. 2660 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 59 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 59 |
24866 | Opuntia spinosior (Engelm.) Toumey 2671 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 60 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
24869 | Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult. 2673 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 60 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
1849 | Agave sp. 96 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 55 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Plant considered a main staple. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 55 |
30062 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pod meal and water used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30006 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 181 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods crushed or ground into a meal. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 181 |
30018 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 107 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods dried and ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
29950 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 523 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods made into a meal and used for food. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 523 |
29964 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods pulverized and made into a meal for transporting. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
30063 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods used as one of the important food staples. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
41252 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 50 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pollen used as flour. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
41296 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Ojibwa 173 | ahj81 135 | 2226 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pollen used for flour. | Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 |
32309 | Quercus nigra L. 3276 | Choctaw 39 | bd09 118 | 8 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pounded acorns boiled and made into a meal. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8 |
32310 | Quercus nigra L. 3276 | Choctaw 39 | bd09 118 | 8 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pounded acorns used as cornmeal. | Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 8 |
16569 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Gros Ventre 82 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16588 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Mandan 135 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16628 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Ree 212 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
21766 | Madia elegans D. Don ex Lindl. 2360 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 154 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pulverized seeds eaten as a dry meal. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 154 |
6735 | Atriplex torreyi (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 518 | Kamia 103 | g31 180 | 24 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pulverized seeds made into a meal. | Gifford, E. W., 1931, The Kamia of Imperial Valley, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, page 24 |
31444 | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 3214 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Rhizomes roasted, pounded into a flour and eaten. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 194 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );