uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
458 rows where use_subcategory = 75
This data as json, CSV (advanced)
id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9465 | Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 897 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 52 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
9499 | Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. 899 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
9533 | Chenopodium murale L. 904 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 23 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and eaten as a pinole in combination with other meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23 |
9534 | Chenopodium murale L. 904 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 73 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and eaten as pinole. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 73 |
9535 | Chenopodium nevadense Standl. 905 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 98 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and eaten as meal. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 98 |
9551 | Chenopodium sp. 910 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
9558 | Chenopodium sp. 910 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 44 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds of several species ground and used like corn. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 44 |
10024 | Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. 973 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
10071 | Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 979 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 92 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Eaten and considered to be almost a staple food. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92 |
10115 | Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera (Dougl. ex Lindl.) H.F. & M.E. Lewis 993 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 370 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370 |
10139 | Claytonia lanceolata var. sessilifolia (Torr.) A. Nels. 1002 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
10337 | Cleome serrulata Pursh 1026 | Pueblo 207 | c35 19 | 24 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as one of the most important food plants. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 24 |
10493 | Comandra umbellata ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl 1051 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds or nuts used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
10980 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
11211 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
11423 | Crataegus rivularis Nutt. 1130 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
11734 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
11798 | Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. 1178 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 156 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make flour. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
11806 | Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. 1178 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Tiny seeds ground, mixed with corn meal and made into steamed cakes. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67 |
11984 | Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners 1217 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots dried and ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
11988 | Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners 1217 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 58 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried roots ground into flour. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 58 |
11993 | Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners 1217 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots dried and ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
11997 | Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners 1217 | San Felipe 222 | c35 19 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots dried and ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
12348 | Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. 1271 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds harvested, winnowed, parched, ground and the meal eaten. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
12362 | Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. 1271 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 5 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground, parched and used to make pinole. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
12385 | Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata 1273 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 77 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground, mixed with water and eaten as pinole. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 77 |
12399 | Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl 1274 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 98 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and eaten as meal. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 98 |
12409 | Descurainia sp. 1275 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 220 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched and ground into a flour. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 220 |
12473 | Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum 1292 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 245 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots roasted and ground into flour. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245 |
12515 | Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 1300 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
12516 | Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 1300 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
12517 | Digitaria cognata var. cognata 1301 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
12866 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
12918 | Echinochloa colona (L.) Link 1365 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and the flour eaten dry. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
12924 | Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. 1366 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded, winnowed, parched and ground into a meal. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
12986 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
13043 | Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus 1386 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
13057 | Elymus sp. 1391 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 101 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grain grounded into a fine powder and used in pinole. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101 |
13266 | Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven 1415 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 370 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370 |
13269 | Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven 1415 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 86 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
13546 | Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link 1433 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and the flour eaten dry. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
13828 | Eriochloa aristata Vasey 1486 | Cocopa 44 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and the flour eaten dry. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
13975 | Eriogonum baileyi S. Wats. 1498 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
13989 | Eriogonum davidsonii Greene 1502 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
14047 | Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr‚m. 1512 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
14112 | Eriogonum pusillum Torr. & Gray 1526 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
14119 | Eriogonum roseum Dur. & Hilg. 1528 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
14188 | Eriogonum wrightii Torr. ex Benth. 1536 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
14208 | Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray 1544 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 72 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 72 |
14347 | Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh 1561 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
14682 | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1603 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
14727 | Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus 1607 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
14750 | Ferula dissoluta 1611 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
14753 | Festuca sp. 1614 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
14947 | Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
15340 | Fritillaria affinis var. affinis 1666 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
15357 | Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl. 1668 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 119 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs pounded into a flour. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 119 |
15379 | Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. 1669 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
16560 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make flour. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
16561 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 76 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried seeds ground and mixed with flour from other seeds. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 76 |
16569 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Gros Ventre 82 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16573 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
16582 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 34 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roasted seeds pounded, ground into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34 |
16588 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Mandan 135 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16590 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds winnowed, parched, ground and eaten as pinole. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
16613 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 98 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and eaten as meal. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 98 |
16615 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47 |
16622 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Pima 193 | c49 11 | 103 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into meal and used as food. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
16628 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Ree 212 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
16663 | Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. 1832 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
16733 | Hemizonia congesta ssp. clevelandii (Greene) Babcock & Hall 1843 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 86 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
16734 | Hemizonia congesta ssp. luzulifolia (DC.) Babcock & Hall 1844 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 394 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used as an important source of pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 394 |
16735 | Hemizonia congesta ssp. luzulifolia (DC.) Babcock & Hall 1844 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 86 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinoles. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 86 |
16736 | Hemizonia corymbosa (DC.) Torr. & Gray 1845 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 254 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
16740 | Hemizonia sp. 1848 | Wintoon 281 | m66 109 | 274 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinole. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 274 |
16888 | Heracleum maximum Bartr. 1851 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 239 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Growing stalks used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
17401 | Hordeum murinum L. 1910 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 313 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 313 |
17404 | Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev 1911 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
17537 | Hydrophyllum occidentale (S. Wats.) Gray 1934 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
17685 | Hypericum scouleri ssp. scouleri 1969 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Eaten fresh, dried or ground into flour and used like acorn meal. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 158 |
18212 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18293 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18421 | Juniperus californica Carr. 2053 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries seeded, pounded into a meal and eaten. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
18581 | Juniperus deppeana Steud. 2056 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
18929 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
19306 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Considered a very important source of food before the introduction of wheat. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
19307 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make flour for bread and mush. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
19743 | Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Gray 2119 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 254 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten in pinole. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
19744 | Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Gray 2119 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 393 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 393 |
19924 | Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. 2136 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
20040 | Lewisia rediviva Pursh 2159 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
20122 | Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger 2163 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 312 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 312 |
20270 | Lilium columbianum hort. ex Baker 2184 | Okanagon 176 | teit28 144 | 238 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a principle food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
20498 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hahwunkwut 83 | m66 109 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make a meal. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 187 |
20501 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hupa 98 | m66 109 | 200 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make meal. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200 |
20507 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20508 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20515 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Poliklah 199 | m66 109 | 168 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns form one of the principal foods. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 168 |
20535 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Shasta 230 | h46 149 | 308 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used as the basic staple. | Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
20537 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
Advanced export
JSON shape: default, array, newline-delimited, object
CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );