uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
458 rows where use_subcategory = 75 sorted by tribe
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id | species | tribe ▼ | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19924 | Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. 2136 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
28664 | Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey 3029 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
44393 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
1123 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used to make meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
1124 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used to make meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
1125 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground seeds used to make meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
10071 | Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 979 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 92 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Eaten and considered to be almost a staple food. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92 |
12515 | Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 1300 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
12516 | Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 1300 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
12517 | Digitaria cognata var. cognata 1301 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into meal. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
22872 | Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 2447 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 20 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground into a fine, sweet meal and eaten in pinches. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 20 |
25452 | Panicum capillare L. 2738 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 17 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground and mixed with corn meal. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 17 |
44400 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground into meal. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 67 |
1849 | Agave sp. 96 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 55 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Plant considered a main staple. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 55 |
22931 | Mentzelia sp. 2459 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 52 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds considered an important staple. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 52 |
43837 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 39 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruit cooked and ground into a meal. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 39 |
44212 | Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies 4234 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits cooked and ground into a meal. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 40 |
20501 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Hupa 98 | m66 109 | 200 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make meal. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 200 |
21764 | Madia elegans D. Don ex Lindl. 2360 | Hupa 98 | sg52 71 | 390 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched and pounded into a flour. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 390 |
8294 | Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch 763 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8349 | Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch 767 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8435 | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 774 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
11211 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
14682 | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1603 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18212 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18293 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
19306 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Considered a very important source of food before the introduction of wheat. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
19307 | Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes 2077 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make flour for bread and mush. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
24023 | Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. 2590 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make flour. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
27589 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 37 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Nuts formerly used as a staple food. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
32076 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 41 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns formerly used as a staple food. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
44430 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 46 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched corn eaten as a staple. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 46 |
6735 | Atriplex torreyi (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 518 | Kamia 103 | g31 180 | 24 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pulverized seeds made into a meal. | Gifford, E. W., 1931, The Kamia of Imperial Valley, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, page 24 |
20507 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns considered the main staple. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
20508 | Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. 2212 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. People would camp in groves when harvesting the fruit. Certain villages had certain fruit crops. Fruits were gathered after they had fallen from the trees, but before insects invaded them. While younger men hunted, the remainder of the people played games centered around removing the shells from the seed. When the seeds were ground, a basket with a hole in the bottom large enough to include the stone mortar was placed over the mortar to keep the acorn flour in place. It was then leached in sand with cold water. The finished flour was mixed with water to make a paste which could be cooked in several ways. A gruel was most often made by cooking the paste in cooking baskets. Hot rocks were placed into the paste to bring it to boiling. The rocks were kept from burning the basket with 'acorn paddles.' The rocks were placed in and out of the gruel with twigs bent into a U-shape. Males ate gruel with wooden spoons, the females used mussel shells. The cake of acorn meal that formed around the hot rocks was given to children as sort of a treat. Gruel was flavored with venison, herbs, etc. The paste was occasionally baked as patties in hot coals. Flour was stored in large storage baskets. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
1133 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 46 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
13975 | Eriogonum baileyi S. Wats. 1498 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
13989 | Eriogonum davidsonii Greene 1502 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
14047 | Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr‚m. 1512 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
14112 | Eriogonum pusillum Torr. & Gray 1526 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
14119 | Eriogonum roseum Dur. & Hilg. 1528 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
14188 | Eriogonum wrightii Torr. ex Benth. 1536 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
16582 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 34 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roasted seeds pounded, ground into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34 |
18421 | Juniperus californica Carr. 2053 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries seeded, pounded into a meal and eaten. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
31947 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31971 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32009 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32150 | Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson 3266 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32196 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32249 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32603 | Quercus wislizeni var. frutescens Engelm. 3296 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
11988 | Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners 1217 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 58 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried roots ground into flour. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 58 |
32109 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 64 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into flour. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 64 |
44440 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 76 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Corn meal used as one of the main foods. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 76 |
24103 | Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal 2596 | Klamath 115 | m90 111 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried, roasted seeds used as cereal. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 29 |
24104 | Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal 2596 | Klamath 115 | c04 186 | 728 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as a staple food in primitive times. | Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728 |
2133 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Kutenai 120 | h92 30 | 10 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs used as a staple food. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |
2717 | Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 186 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 22 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
11993 | Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners 1217 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 33 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots dried and ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
32079 | Quercus gambelii Nutt. 3263 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32111 | Quercus gambelii var. gambelii 3264 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
32552 | Quercus velutina Lam. 3293 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns used to make flour. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 49 |
41252 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 50 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pollen used as flour. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 50 |
6760 | Avena fatua L. 528 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 234 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a flour and used for food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 234 |
24834 | Opuntia sp. 2670 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 230 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230 |
29985 | Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 3154 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 231 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground beans made into a flour and used for food in some places. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231 |
30445 | Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) D. Dietr. 3170 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 232 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Kernels ground into a flour and used for food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232 |
31848 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 193 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns eaten as a staple food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
31849 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
31952 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32015 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Stored acorns pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32034 | Quercus engelmannii Greene 3261 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Stored acorns pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32201 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 193 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns eaten as a staple food. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
32202 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 194 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
32585 | Quercus wislizeni A. DC. 3295 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 193 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Stored acorns pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
16588 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Mandan 135 | b05 73 | 12 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
2015 | Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze 130 | Maricopa 136 | cb51 125 | 187 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds harvested, winnowed, parched, ground and the meal eaten. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
2813 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 346 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Small, shiny black seeds used to make pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 346 |
6761 | Avena fatua L. 528 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 311 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, ground and the flour eaten dry. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 311 |
7591 | Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud. 639 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 312 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds formerly used for pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 312 |
7966 | Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. 723 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 352 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352 |
10115 | Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera (Dougl. ex Lindl.) H.F. & M.E. Lewis 993 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 370 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370 |
13266 | Epilobium densiflorum (Lindl.) Hoch & Raven 1415 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 370 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 370 |
16734 | Hemizonia congesta ssp. luzulifolia (DC.) Babcock & Hall 1844 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 394 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used as an important source of pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 394 |
17401 | Hordeum murinum L. 1910 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 313 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 313 |
19744 | Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Gray 2119 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 393 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 393 |
20122 | Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger 2163 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 312 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used for pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 312 |
21779 | Madia gracilis (Sm.) Keck & J. Clausen ex Applegate 2363 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 395 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 395 |
26054 | Perideridia kelloggii (Gray) Mathias 2833 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 372 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Tubers and semifleshy roots eaten as pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 372 |
28340 | Plagiobothrys fulvus var. campestris (Greene) I.M. Johnston 2991 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 382 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 382 |
28341 | Plagiobothrys fulvus var. campestris (Greene) I.M. Johnston 2991 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 382 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds winnowed, parched and flour eaten dry. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 382 |
32693 | Ranunculus occidentalis var. occidentalis 3312 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 347 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Smooth, flat and orbicular seeds used alone or mixed with other seeds to make pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 347 |
40301 | Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook. 3956 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 352 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used in pinole mixtures. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 352 |
40589 | Trifolium bifidum Gray 4001 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 360 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 360 |
40601 | Trifolium dichotomum Hook. & Arn. 4004 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 361 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten as a pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 361 |
43610 | Wyethia longicaulis Gray 4203 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 396 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used with parched wheat for pinole. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 396 |
26353 | Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2873 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 69 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berry used as a staple article of food. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69 |
31900 | Quercus alba L. 3253 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns boiled, simmered to remove lye, ground, sifted, cooked in soup stock to flavor and eaten. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
44450 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roasted popcorn pounded into a meal added to dried venison, maple sugar or wild rice or all three. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
44639 | Zizania aquatica L. 4254 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Rice cooked with deer broth, pork or butter and seasoned with maple sugar. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 67 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );