uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
458 rows where use_subcategory = 75 sorted by source
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id | species | tribe | source ▼ | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32585 | Quercus wislizeni A. DC. 3295 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 193 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Stored acorns pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
2921 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries used as a staple food. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
6462 | Astragalus canadensis L. 466 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Root considered a staple. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
26006 | Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias 2831 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 103 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Root considered a staple. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
30721 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries considered a staple. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
2887 | Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng. 202 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 17 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17 |
8171 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 20 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds made into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
8172 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
11734 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
24358 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
24605 | Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow 2652 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Buds and joints used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
25501 | Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. 2747 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
26295 | Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius Freeman 2868 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 32 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as a staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 32 |
26491 | Pholisma sonorae (Torr. ex Gray) Yatskievych 2892 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 17 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Used as a staple root crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17 |
30110 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 25 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans ground into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25 |
30111 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans pounded in mortars and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
38874 | Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum 3823 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 22 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds made into flour and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22 |
40824 | Triticum aestivum L. 4037 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grains trampled, winnowed, softened with water, pounded, dried and ground into flour. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
43915 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 23 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits used as an important staple crop. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23 |
44262 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 45 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Fruits dried and used as a staple food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
44494 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 34 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Whole ears roasted in open pits, dried, grains removed, winnowed and ground into meal. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 34 |
35522 | Ruppia sp. 3499 | Seri 229 | d44 29 | 134 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds made into a meal. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134 |
2121 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Flathead 76 | h92 30 | 10 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs used as a staple food. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |
2133 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Kutenai 120 | h92 30 | 10 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs used as a staple food. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |
7869 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 14 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Bulbs formerly fire baked and used as a sweet and nutritious staple. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 14 |
4357 | Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. 335 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4375 | Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. 336 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4465 | Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth 343 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
5862 | Arthrocnemum subterminale (Parish) Standl. 412 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 135 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 135 |
6173 | Asclepias sp. 441 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 43 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 43 |
9465 | Chenopodium californicum (S. Wats.) S. Wats. 897 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 52 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 52 |
12866 | Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow 1353 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
14208 | Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray 1544 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 72 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 72 |
14727 | Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus 1607 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
16561 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 76 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried seeds ground and mixed with flour from other seeds. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 76 |
24349 | Olneya tesota Gray 2633 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 94 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roasted pods and seeds ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
24567 | Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow 2643 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24590 | Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. 2647 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24592 | Opuntia californica var. parkeri (Coult.) Pinkava 2648 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24633 | Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii 2654 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24649 | Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. 2658 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
24791 | Opuntia ramosissima Engelm. 2669 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 49 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
30018 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 107 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods dried and ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 107 |
30062 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pod meal and water used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30063 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods used as one of the important food staples. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30064 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 118 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ripe pods allowed to dry or picked after fully dried and ground into meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 118 |
30878 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 119 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground pit used as a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 119 |
36363 | Salvia apiana Jepson 3555 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into a flour and used to make mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
36383 | Salvia columbariae Benth. 3557 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into flour and used to make cakes or mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
36457 | Salvia mellifera Greene 3561 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 136 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched seeds ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 136 |
37532 | Scirpus sp. 3614 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 139 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots ground into flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
37533 | Scirpus sp. 3614 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 139 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds eaten raw or ground into mush. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 139 |
39026 | Suaeda sp. 3847 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 141 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into flour and used to make mush and cakes. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 141 |
41188 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 142 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried roots ground into a meal. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 142 |
44679 | Ziziphus parryi Torr. 4259 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Leached nutlet of the drupe ground into a flour. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 56 |
6942 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 491 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded and flour mixed with other foods. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491 |
10071 | Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 979 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 92 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Eaten and considered to be almost a staple food. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 92 |
44400 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground into meal. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 67 |
6771 | Avena sp. 530 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 85 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grain used in pinole, a very fine dry meal. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 85 |
13057 | Elymus sp. 1391 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 101 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Grain grounded into a fine powder and used in pinole. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 101 |
21768 | Madia elegans D. Don ex Lindl. 2360 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 112 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinole. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 112 |
21788 | Madia sativa Molina 2364 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 111 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make pinole. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 111 |
28143 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 92 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Dried nut eaten whole or pounded into a flour and mixed with pinole. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 92 |
43596 | Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt. 4199 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 111 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground to mix with pinole. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 111 |
44655 | Zizania palustris L. 4255 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 101 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Rice valuable for cooking with wild fowl or game and maple sugar used to season the mixture. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 101 |
11798 | Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. 1178 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 156 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make flour. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
16560 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 158 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used to make flour. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
8257 | Carum carvi L. 761 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 34 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into flour. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 34 |
18581 | Juniperus deppeana Steud. 2056 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
18929 | Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little 2060 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
29964 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 257 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Pods pulverized and made into a meal for transporting. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
43639 | Xanthium sp. 4208 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 258 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Parched, ground seeds made into a meal and eaten dry or moistened and whole seeds stored. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 258 |
1151 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 46 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds used as a staple food. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
9499 | Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. 899 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 48 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 48 |
16615 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 47 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds ground into a meal and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47 |
26024 | Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias 2831 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 43 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots ground into flour. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
32221 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 52 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns ground into flour, leached and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52 |
26353 | Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2873 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 69 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berry used as a staple article of food. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 69 |
31900 | Quercus alba L. 3253 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns boiled, simmered to remove lye, ground, sifted, cooked in soup stock to flavor and eaten. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
44450 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 66 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roasted popcorn pounded into a meal added to dried venison, maple sugar or wild rice or all three. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
44639 | Zizania aquatica L. 4254 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 67 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Rice cooked with deer broth, pork or butter and seasoned with maple sugar. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 67 |
29947 | Prosopis glandulosa Torr. 3153 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 37 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Beans ground into flour, mixed with other plant foods and eaten. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 37 |
44026 | Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. 4228 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 40 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Trunks pit cooked, pounded and made into flour. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 40 |
32831 | Rhodiola rosea L. 3336 | Eskimo, Inupiat 72 | j83 54 | 54 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roots stored buried in the sand and grass and used in hard times when short of food. | Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 54 |
43953 | Yucca baccata Torr. 4225 | Southwest Indians 248 | bc41 58 | 15 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds dried, stored in baskets and ground into meal when needed. | Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15 |
1133 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 46 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
13975 | Eriogonum baileyi S. Wats. 1498 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
13989 | Eriogonum davidsonii Greene 1502 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
14047 | Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr‚m. 1512 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 29 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 29 |
14112 | Eriogonum pusillum Torr. & Gray 1526 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
14119 | Eriogonum roseum Dur. & Hilg. 1528 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
14188 | Eriogonum wrightii Torr. ex Benth. 1536 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
16582 | Helianthus annuus L. 1821 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 34 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Roasted seeds pounded, ground into a meal and eaten dry. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34 |
18421 | Juniperus californica Carr. 2053 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 35 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Berries seeded, pounded into a meal and eaten. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
31947 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
31971 | Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. 3256 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32009 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32150 | Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson 3266 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32196 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
32249 | Quercus lobata N‚e 3272 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 56 | Food 1 | Staple 75 | Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );