uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
150 rows where use_subcategory = 70 sorted by rawsource
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource ▼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
27284 | Picea sp. 2939 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 34 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, weapon and tool handles and other utilitarian objects. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
399 | Acacia koa Gray 16 | Hawaiian 90 | a22 68 | 46 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46 |
7392 | Bobea sp. 597 | Hawaiian 90 | a22 68 | 5 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes or canoe parts. | Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 5 |
37743 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 55 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
37745 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 55 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 55 |
39601 | Taxus cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc. 3904 | Aleut 5 | bt51 194 | 29 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Drift wood bent into ribs for boats. | Bank, II, Theodore P., 1951, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands I. Aleutian Vegetation and Aleut Culture, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 29 |
37413 | Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus 3603 | Pomo 200 | b08 179 | 140 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Stems used to make boats. | Barrett, S. A., 1908, Pomo Indian Basketry, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:134-308, page 140 |
27978 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 18 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Trunks hollowed by fire to make dugouts. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
40096 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 25 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make canoes. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
7226 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 8 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make canoes. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 8 |
40047 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kwakiutl 121 | b66 148 | 8 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used for making canoes. | Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8 |
37538 | Scirpus sp. 3614 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Stems bundled and made into rafts. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
7157 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 67 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67 |
29273 | Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw 3097 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 69 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69 |
37733 | Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. 3654 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 309 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Fallen logs formerly hollowed out by fire and used as canoes. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309 |
9078 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 159 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make boat ribs. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159 |
9079 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 159 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make regular and racing paddles for canoes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 159 |
39979 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 162 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to cover canoes to keep the rain out. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
39980 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 162 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to carve canoes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
39464 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Haisla 86 | c93 14 | 187 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make boat ribs. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 187 |
9094 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 313 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make bows, adze handles, paddles and storage containers. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 313 |
40277 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Tsimshian 267 | c93 14 | 315 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 315 |
29307 | Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw 3097 | Nisga 164 | c93 14 | 349 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 349 |
9127 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 61 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes and canoe bailers. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 61 |
40162 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 63 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Fibrous tissue used to make canoe bailers. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
40163 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 63 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Inner bark used to make canoe bailers. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
40164 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 63 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Inner bark used to make sails for canoes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
40165 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 63 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make dugout canoes. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
39520 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 75 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75 |
2559 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 86 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make tool handles, canoe bailers, masks and rattles. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86 |
27505 | Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. 2956 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 89 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Trunk used to make poles to push boats through shallow water. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
27965 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 89 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Logs used to make boats. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
27504 | Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. 2956 | Klamath 115 | c04 186 | 728 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Peeled sapling used to make poles to propel canoes. | Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728 |
27966 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Klamath 115 | c04 186 | 728 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Single logs used to make dugout canoes. | Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728 |
31171 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Klamath 115 | c04 186 | 728 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Single logs used to make dugout canoes. | Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728 |
26621 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Seri 229 | d44 29 | 134 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Canes used to make rafts. | Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134 |
27137 | Picea rubens Sarg. 2937 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Roots used in sewing canoes. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
39450 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 195 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
39951 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 195 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used for canoes. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
478 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 197 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197 |
41137 | Typha domingensis Pers. 4048 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f90 117 | 69 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used in the construction of duck decoys and boats. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69 |
41321 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f90 117 | 69 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used in the construction of duck decoys and boats. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 69 |
40082 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 228 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoes. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
39857 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 123 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe ribs. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123 |
7320 | Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens 583 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 128 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used in boat building. The bark was stripped off at raspberry ripening time, laid away and pressed flat until the next spring. When required for manufacture, especially in boat building, it was heated over a fire to make it pliable for shaping to the purpose. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128 |
40334 | Tilia americana L. 3959 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 136 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make dugout canoes. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
27920 | Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don 2966 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 16 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used rarely to make light dugouts. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39541 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 16 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used to make canoe bailers. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
41069 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 17 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Young trees used for poling canoes upstream. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41079 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 17 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Young trees used for poling canoes upstream. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
41082 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 17 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Young trees used for poling canoes upstream. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
2568 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 27 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Green wood seasoned and used to make canoe paddles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
17367 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Squaxin 251 | g73 25 | 33 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
494 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 39 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
515 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 39 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
518 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 39 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
22964 | Menziesia ferruginea Sm. 2463 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 43 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Twigs woven together with cedar bark and used for grills on the bottom of canoes. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
15226 | Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1658 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 45 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
27518 | Pinus echinata P. Mill. 2958 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 49 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
28079 | Pinus pungens Lamb. 2971 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 49 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
28105 | Pinus rigida P. Mill. 2974 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 49 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
28177 | Pinus strobus L. 2977 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 49 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
28265 | Pinus taeda L. 2978 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 49 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
20485 | Liriodendron tulipifera L. 2211 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 50 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
40038 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kutenai 120 | h92 30 | 54 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe frames. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
40110 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Nez Perce 162 | h92 30 | 54 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood hollowed out with fire, smoothed, trimmed and used to make canoes. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
36128 | Salix sp. 3551 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 32 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make the circular frames for bull boats. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32 |
29441 | Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder 3101 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 39 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood formerly used in making small boats and rafts. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 39 |
27018 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 2 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Roots used for the bow of a canoe. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees. The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig. Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil. Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife. After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice. Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used. They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
27019 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 2 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make boats, boat paddles, shovels, skin stretchers and wedges for chopping wood. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
7278 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make canoes. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
58 | Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. 2 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 21 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make paddles. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
7182 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
7183 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
26904 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 48 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
26905 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 48 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make ribs and gunwales for birch bark canoes. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
27065 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 49 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49 |
26953 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Koyukon 118 | n83 158 | 50 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood split or ripsawed and used to make boats and canoes. | Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
27101 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Koyukon 118 | n83 158 | 50 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood split or ripsawed and used to make boats and canoes. | Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
7208 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Koyukon 118 | n83 158 | 53 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe ribs. | Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 53 |
29332 | Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw 3097 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 68 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make dugout canoes. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68 |
7149 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule 8 | ray45 113 | 119 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make canoes. | Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119 |
26890 | Picea glauca (Moench) Voss 2934 | Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule 8 | ray45 113 | 129 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Roots used to sew canoes. | Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
27050 | Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. 2935 | Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule 8 | ray45 113 | 129 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Roots used to sew canoes. | Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
39849 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule 8 | ray45 113 | 132 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Plant used to make canoe skeletons. | Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 132 |
38549 | Sorbus americana Marsh. 3758 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 236 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make ribs for canoes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236 |
7086 | Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis 575 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make birch bark canoes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7111 | Betula lenta L. 576 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make birch bark canoes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7239 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make birch bark canoes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
19525 | Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch 2099 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 244 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Roots used to sew canoes and used as the strong upper wrappings over the canoe edges. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
15213 | Fraxinus americana L. 1655 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 245 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used to make canoes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
9091 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used to make canoes and paddles. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
9134 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used to make canoes and paddles. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
39476 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
39534 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Wood used to make canoe paddles. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
40027 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used to make dugout canoes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
40193 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 57 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Used to make dugout canoes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
7142 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 164 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make canoes. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164 |
7222 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Micmac 141 | r48 188 | 56 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Bark used to make canoes. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1948, Ethnobotanique Et Ethnozoologie Gaspesiennes, Archives de Folklore 3:51-64, page 56 |
7219 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 267 | Fiber 4 | Canoe Material 70 | Paper birch used to make canoes. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );