uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
165 rows where use_subcategory = 65 sorted by rawsource
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource ▼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
39250 | Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. 3880 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 23, 24 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Root hairs used for hemorrhages. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 23, 24 |
13503 | Equisetum sylvaticum L. 1429 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 35 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of pulverized stem applied to stop bleeding. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 35 |
42528 | Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 4094 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 57 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Pulverized root placed on painful and bleeding cuts. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 57 |
15786 | Gentianella quinquefolia ssp. quinquefolia 1719 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 222 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Liquid from root used for hemorrhages. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 222 |
28594 | Platanus occidentalis L. 3017 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 235 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Bark used for hemorrhages and lung troubles. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 235 |
32644 | Ranunculus abortivus L. 3299 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 239 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Root used as a styptic for nosebleeds. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 239 |
1930 | Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. 109 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 241 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Root used as a styptic for nosebleeds. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241 |
44344 | Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. 4241 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 244245 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Bark and berry medicine used for hemorrhages. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 244245 |
35885 | Salix humilis Marsh. 3532 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 245 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Leaves used for stopping a hemorrhage. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 245 |
37095 | Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe 3578 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 250 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Steam of burning plant on hot stones inhaled for nosebleed. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 250 |
42529 | Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 4094 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 251 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Root used for hemorrhages. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251 |
32960 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 354 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Infusion of root bark used as a 'hemostatic.' | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
33296 | Rhus typhina L. 3355 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 354 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Root used for hemorrhages. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
38035 | Silphium perfoliatum L. 3687 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 365 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Plant used for hemorrhage. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365 |
14200 | Eriophorum callitrix Cham. ex C.A. Mey. 1539 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 368 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Matted fuzz used as a 'hemostatic.' | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 368 |
40912 | Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 4041 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 380 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Bark used for bleeding wounds. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
29499 | Populus grandidentata Michx. 3103 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 387388 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Infusion of young root used as a 'hemostatic.' | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387388 |
35846 | Salix fragilis L. 3528 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 388 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Bark used as a styptic and poultice for sores. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388 |
35956 | Salix lucida Muhl. 3538 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 388 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Bark used on bleeding cuts. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388 |
33303 | Rhus typhina L. 3355 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 38 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Root bark used as a 'hemostatic.' | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 38 |
21497 | Lycopodium clavatum L. 2321 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 64 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Spores of fruiting spikes used as a styptic and coagulant. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 64 |
21514 | Lycopodium obscurum L. 2324 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 64 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Spores of fruiting spikes used as a styptic and coagulant. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 64 |
1932 | Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. 109 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 76 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Plant used as styptic and infusion snuffed for nosebleed by Prairie Potawatomi. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 76 |
35784 | Salix discolor Muhl. 3525 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 81, 82 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Decoction of root bark used for hemorrhages. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 81, 82 |
31609 | Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels 3225 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 474 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Fresh leaves used to plug nostrils and as an inhalant for nosebleed. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474 |
39175 | Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp. hesperium var. hesperium (Gray) Nesom 3869 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 43 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Smoke from crushed blossoms inhaled for nosebleed. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 43 |
18761 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 55 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Simple or compound infusion of twigs taken after childbirth to stop blood flow. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 55 |
26525 | Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex Gray 2895 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 55 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Simple or compound infusion of twigs taken after childbirth to stop blood flow. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 55 |
39614 | Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. 3910 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 304 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Decoction of plant used for nose bleeds. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
16658 | Helianthus niveus ssp. canescens (Gray) Heiser 1829 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 47 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Stem juice applied to open bleeding wounds. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 47 |
25417 | Panax sp. 2734 | Creek 59 | swan28 128 | 656 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Infusion of root applied to bleeding cuts or wounds. | Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 656 |
36140 | Salix sp. 3551 | Chickasaw 35 | t40 115 | 12 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Roots used for nosebleed. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12 |
25353 | Panax quinquefolius L. 2733 | Creek 59 | t40 115 | 44 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of plant applied to bleeding cuts. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 44 |
14266 | Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. 1551 | Natchez 156 | t40 115 | 45 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Stem and leaves chewed for nosebleeds. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45 |
31749 | Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. 3235 | Koasati 116 | t40 115 | 55 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Soaked plants put up the nose for nosebleeds. | Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 55 |
36849 | Sambucus racemosa var. melanocarpa (Gray) McMinn 3568 | Paiute 183 | tha41 12 | 137138 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of bruised leaves applied to bleeding wounds. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 137138 |
22177 | Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link 2382 | Washo 276 | tha41 12 | 139140 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Powdered root applied to bleeding wounds. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 139140 |
27327 | Picrothamnus desertorum Nutt. 2942 | Shoshoni 232 | tha41 12 | 43, 44 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Decoction of leaves sniffed for nosebleed. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 43, 44 |
16337 | Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby 1786 | Paiute 183 | tha41 12 | 82, 83 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of boiled leaves applied to top of head for nosebleed. | Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 82, 83 |
37632 | Sedum spathulifolium Hook. 3636 | Kuper Island Indian 119 | tb71 23 | 81 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Leaves and stems squeezed and juice rubbed over bleeding wounds. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 81 |
40044 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kwakiutl 121 | tb73 63 | 266 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Shredded bark used to cauterize sores and swellings. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266 |
41751 | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. 4059 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 211 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Burning stem fibers used to cauterize sores and swellings. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 211 |
37422 | Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus 3603 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 115 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Burned stalk ashes used on baby's bleeding navel. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 115 |
31611 | Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels 3225 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 246 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Wool from seed heads mixed with pitch and used inside the nostril for nosebleeds. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 246 |
35675 | Salix bebbiana Sarg. 3520 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
36063 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
36244 | Salix sp. 3551 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 136 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
29928 | Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats. 3151 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 44 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of dampened, bruised leaves applied to bleeding wounds. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
24823 | Opuntia sp. 2670 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 45 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of peeled stems applied as a hemostat. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45 |
40605 | Trifolium dubium Sibthorp 4005 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 33 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of chopped plant applied to cut as hemostat. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33 |
9156 | Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & Gray) Small 865 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 35 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of plant used as a hemostatic. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
9170 | Chamaesyce fendleri (Torr. & Gray) Small 866 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 35 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of chewed plant applied to cuts as a hemostatic. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
9243 | Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia 880 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 35 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of chewed plant applied to cuts as a hemostatic. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
15750 | Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & Gray 1710 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 37 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice applied to cuts as a hemostatic. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
13748 | Erigeron flagellaris Gray 1473 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 50 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of chewed leaves applied as a hemostatic. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
13749 | Erigeron flagellaris Gray 1473 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 50, 51 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of chewed leaves applied as a hemostatic. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50, 51 |
40580 | Trichostema lanceolatum Benth. 3995 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 59 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Infusion of entire plant snuffed up the nose for nosebleeds. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59 |
3951 | Aquilegia micrantha Eastw. 304 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 22 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Plant used as a hemostatic. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 22 |
21355 | Lupinus pusillus ssp. intermontanus (Heller) D. Dunn 2303 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 28 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Plant used for nosebleeds. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 28 |
31779 | Pyrola chlorantha Sw. 3240 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 35 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Plant used as a hemostatic. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 35 |
23758 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 41 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Plant used for nosebleed. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 41 |
25877 | Penstemon eatonii Gray 2806 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 42 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Plant used as a hemostatic. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
11789 | Cuscuta californica Hook. & Arn. 1173 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 23 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Chewed stem juice or powdered plant snuffed up the nose for nosebleeds. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 23 |
23895 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 43 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Poultice of plant applied to bleeding cuts. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
15054 | Frangula californica ssp. californica 1644 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 58 | Drug 2 | Hemostat 65 | Crushed berries used to stop the flow of blood. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );