uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
308 rows where use_subcategory = 63 sorted by source descending
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id | species | tribe | source ▲ | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
23911 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Apalachee 16 | hann86 197 | 97 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant smoked in the pre-ballgame rituals. | Hann, John H., 1986, The Use and Processing of Plants by Indians of Spanish Florida, Southeastern Archaeology 5(2):1-102, page 97 |
10814 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Ponca 205 | h65 189 | 47 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used as an additive to tobacco. | Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 47 |
36211 | Salix sp. 3551 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
4570 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Eskimo, Arctic 68 | p53 171 | 23 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves powdered, dried, used as a substitute for tobacco or mixed with the tobacco and smoked. | Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
23744 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Coahuilla 42 | b67 168 | 74 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves pounded, mixed with water, chewed and used as a smoking material. | Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 74 |
23856 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Havasupai 89 | spier28 164 | 105 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 105 |
23749 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Hopi 95 | cb42 160 | 109 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 109 |
23790 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 109 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 109 |
23791 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Pima 193 | cb42 160 | 109 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 109 |
23858 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Hopi 95 | cb42 160 | 109 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 109 |
23863 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 108 |
23864 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Pima 193 | cb42 160 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 108 |
23940 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Pima 193 | cb42 160 | 111 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 111 |
23987 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Papago 188 | cb42 160 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 108 |
23988 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Pima 193 | cb42 160 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 108 |
23989 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Pima 193 | cb42 160 | 110 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 110 |
11070 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
10810 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 331 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried inner bark used either alone or with tobacco for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331 |
23874 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh 2583 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 331 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant preferred for smoking because of the mild quality. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331 |
32984 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 331 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, deveined, red leaves broken fine and used for smoking in the absence of kinnikinnick. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331 |
2649 | Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill 176 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 35 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Wood burned to make ashes added to tobacco. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35 |
26176 | Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries 2840 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 38 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
26186 | Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq. 2841 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 38 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
35621 | Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville 3516 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 34 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant gathered in late summer, burned to ashes and added to chewing tobacco. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
32928 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 524 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves added to tobacco for smoking. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524 |
3620 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
4524 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
9684 | Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n 917 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
11006 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
23743 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 52 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 52 |
42536 | Valeriana sitchensis Bong. 4095 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
4559 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
11029 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
2885 | Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng. 202 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 151 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Herb mixed with tobacco. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 151 |
32314 | Quercus nigra L. 3276 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 21 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a substitute for paper in rolling cigarettes. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21 |
32518 | Quercus stellata Wangenh. 3290 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 22 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as cigarette wrappers for the peyote ceremony. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22 |
32947 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
32948 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
33164 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33165 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33253 | Rhus trilobata var. trilobata 3354 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33254 | Rhus trilobata var. trilobata 3354 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
44447 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 17 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Shucks used for cigarette wrappings and used in the peyote ceremony. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17 |
3621 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 50 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Tiny, dried leaves used as an element of kinnikinnick. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
4581 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as one of the elements in the tobacco mixture. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
11045 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Winter bark used to make kinnikinnick. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
20845 | Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2237 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried root chips and Bull Durham used as a friendly smoke. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
4530 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 74 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves and stems used to smoke. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74 |
4655 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Skagit, Upper 242 | t89 131 | 42 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a tobacco substitute. | Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
23859 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 54 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used to smoke in ceremonials. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 54 |
23750 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 166 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used very much. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 166 |
23860 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 120 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Wild tobacco smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 120 |
23865 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Yuma 288 | cb51 125 | 120 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Wild tobacco smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 120 |
23937 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 4 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking purposes. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 4 |
23938 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 30 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to smoke and if the smoke blew in a streak to one side, it would rain in 24 hours. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 30 |
4731 | Arenaria sp. 357 | Shoshoni 232 | m90 111 | 61 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to make tobacco mixture for smoking. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 61 |
23754 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 356 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
23755 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Midoo 142 | m66 109 | 319 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
23906 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 356 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
23907 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Midoo 142 | m66 109 | 319 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
4595 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
11069 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
32873 | Rhus aromatica Ait. 3344 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 32 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 32 |
32950 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 33 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red, autumn leaves used to smoke. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33 |
38398 | Solidago canadensis L. 3734 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 50 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roots smoked with other tobaccos. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50 |
10898 | Cornus foemina P. Mill. 1094 | Micmac 141 | s17 103 | 317 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
35954 | Salix lucida Muhl. 3538 | Montagnais 150 | s17 103 | 315 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried bark smoked as a substitute for tobacco. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
4598 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Makah 133 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4610 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried or roasted and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4612 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nootka 167 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4555 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 199 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves pulverized and smoked before the introduction of tobacco and presently mixed with tobacco. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199 |
39453 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 199 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Needles mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199 |
4431 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101 |
4449 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fire dried, pulverized leaves smoked with other plants or alone. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102 |
4639 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 100 |
8684 | Ceanothus sp. 817 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 89 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, mashed leaves mixed with tobacco. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 89 |
23789 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roasted, dried leaves and small twigs used for smoking. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 108 |
4654 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 62 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves roasted until dry, mashed and mixed with tobacco. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62 |
11135 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 61 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Scraped bark used with tobacco. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61 |
23804 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 69 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Mixed with kinnikinnick and red willow and smoked at ceremonies. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69 |
10794 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 367 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried inner bark used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
32934 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 367 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Scarlet leaves gathered in the fall and dried for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
4590 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 559 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
33157 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 563 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with native tobacco and used for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
23905 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 386 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Light green leaves used for smoking. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 386 |
35943 | Salix lasiolepis Benth. 3536 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 331 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark portions dried, powdered and used as substitutes for chewing tobacco. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331 |
23451 | Morella cerifera (L.) Small 2525 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 480 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a tobacco substitute. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
23838 | Nicotiana glauca Graham 2579 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 27 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 27 |
10992 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 159 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 159 |
10993 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 170 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Shredded bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170 |
22874 | Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 2447 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 335 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as substitute for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 335 |
24261 | Oenothera albicaulis Pursh 2613 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 336 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 336 |
24295 | Oenothera caespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz 2618 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 337 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as substitute for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 337 |
23867 | Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viviani 2582 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 378 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sun dried, finely cut and smoked. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 378 |
12190 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 41 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
23047 | Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray 2488 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 54 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 54 |
23067 | Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. 2490 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
40295 | Thymophylla acerosa (DC.) Strother 3952 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 24 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco for the flavor. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
4189 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4223 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );