uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
308 rows where use_subcategory = 63 sorted by rawsource descending
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource ▲ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28121 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 52 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Seeds put into the liquid used to moisten dry tobacco meal and shaped into plugs. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52 |
23752 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pulverized, powdered, mixed with liquid, formed into cakes and smoked in hollow stems. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
23904 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pulverized, powdered, mixed with liquid, formed into cakes and smoked in hollow stems. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
12326 | Dendromecon rigida Benth. 1262 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | One or two leaves put into the liquid and used in the preparation of the tobacco plug. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 25 |
38398 | Solidago canadensis L. 3734 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 50 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roots smoked with other tobaccos. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50 |
4571 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 191 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as an additive to or substitute for tobacco. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191 |
26179 | Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries 2840 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 189 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, burned plant ashes added to chewing tobacco. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189 |
29209 | Populus balsamifera L. 3095 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 188 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaf galls used with or as tobacco. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
5584 | Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. 406 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 186 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used as a tobacco quid additive. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186 |
23943 | Nicotiana sp. 2586 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 184 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant chewed rather than smoked. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184 |
42474 | Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n 4090 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 183 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a tobacco additive or substitute. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183 |
36175 | Salix sp. 3551 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 182 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves added to tobacco in place of shelf fungus. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 182 |
14776 | Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. 1619 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 86, 87 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 86, 87 |
22925 | Mentzelia pumila Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2458 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 85 |
33157 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 563 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with native tobacco and used for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
4590 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 559 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
23746 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 240 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for pleasure. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 240 |
23855 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 240 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for pleasure. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 240 |
23937 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 4 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking purposes. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 4 |
23938 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 30 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to smoke and if the smoke blew in a streak to one side, it would rain in 24 hours. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 30 |
23859 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 54 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used to smoke in ceremonials. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 54 |
23764 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as substitute for commercial tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
44483 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 18 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dry husks of young corn used to roll cigarettes, when paper not available. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18 |
18553 | Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. 2055 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried fruits added to flavor tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
33164 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33165 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33253 | Rhus trilobata var. trilobata 3354 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33254 | Rhus trilobata var. trilobata 3354 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
32947 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
32948 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
32518 | Quercus stellata Wangenh. 3290 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 22 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as cigarette wrappers for the peyote ceremony. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22 |
32314 | Quercus nigra L. 3276 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 21 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a substitute for paper in rolling cigarettes. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21 |
44447 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 17 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Shucks used for cigarette wrappings and used in the peyote ceremony. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17 |
23750 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 166 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used very much. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 166 |
11115 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 96 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark dried, mixed with kinnikinnick or tobacco and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96 |
20219 | Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose 2177 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 64 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roots mixed with tobacco or rolled in cigarettes to give the smoke a pleasant menthol taste. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
23765 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 140 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140 |
10237 | Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. 1019 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 117 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Stem smoked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
4627 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves toasted and used as a tobacco. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
42848 | Verbascum thapsus L. 4106 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 287 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaf used for smoking. It was cautioned that too much smoking of this plant was poisonous. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 287 |
4686 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 211 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried or toasted leaves alone or mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Too much smoking of these leaves was said to make one dizzy. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211 |
4598 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Makah 133 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4610 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried or roasted and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4612 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nootka 167 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
23977 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 76 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with kinnikinnick and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
4585 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 64 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
4647 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 82 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked or mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82 |
10919 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 81 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark occasionally mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 81 |
4655 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Skagit, Upper 242 | t89 131 | 42 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a tobacco substitute. | Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
3431 | Angelica atropurpurea L. 259 | Delaware, Oklahoma 63 | t42 22 | 28 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Seeds sometimes mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28 |
23047 | Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray 2488 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 54 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 54 |
12190 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 41 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
23067 | Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. 2490 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
40295 | Thymophylla acerosa (DC.) Strother 3952 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 24 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco for the flavor. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
23451 | Morella cerifera (L.) Small 2525 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 480 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a tobacco substitute. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
23788 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 319 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, ground, moistened and made into balls for preservation. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 319 |
23817 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked ceremonially. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
4687 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
10989 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
11140 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
23812 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves considered the most important source of tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
34027 | Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. 3426 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted, powdered leaves and bark occasionally used for smoking. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
42213 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as a 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
42357 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as a 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
42397 | Vaccinium sp. 4087 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves of several species smoked as 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
23856 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Havasupai 89 | spier28 164 | 105 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 105 |
10898 | Cornus foemina P. Mill. 1094 | Micmac 141 | s17 103 | 317 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
35954 | Salix lucida Muhl. 3538 | Montagnais 150 | s17 103 | 315 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried bark smoked as a substitute for tobacco. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
36211 | Salix sp. 3551 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
23949 | Nicotiana sp. 2586 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 229 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant formerly used as tobacco. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229 |
4642 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 118 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118 |
11125 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 118 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted, shredded bark used as kinnikinnick or smoking material. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118 |
33307 | Rhus typhina L. 3355 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 116 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco to cause it to smoke pleasantly. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116 |
35957 | Salix lucida Muhl. 3538 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 422 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Peeled, toasted and flaked bark used for kinnikinnick or smoking mixture. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
10948 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 418 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used to make kinnikinnick for smoking. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
1035 | Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. 42 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
5412 | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 | Sioux 238 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used in smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
10792 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
43024 | Viburnum dentatum var. dentatum 4129 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark furnished one of the ingredients of kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
10949 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 399 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Peeled, toasted, shredded twig bark used in the kinnikinnick or native smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
13795 | Erigeron philadelphicus L. 1480 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 398 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used in the smoking tobacco or kinnikinnick mixture. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398 |
10945 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 272 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smoked at ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272 |
40746 | Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. 4026 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 272 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smoked at ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272 |
10788 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted inner bark used for smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
10809 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted inner bark used for smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
42818 | Verbascum thapsus L. 4106 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 53 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaf gathered and smoked as an Indian tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53 |
10787 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 32, 33 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used for Indian tobacco, known as 'kinnikinnick.' | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 32, 33 |
23884 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 389 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, powdered and smoked. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389 |
10993 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 170 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Shredded bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170 |
10992 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 159 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 159 |
23939 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 57 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smashed roots used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 57 |
23979 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 57 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smashed roots used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 57 |
27297 | Picea sp. 2939 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 36 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried roots used to make cigars and smoked. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
4595 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
11069 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
32950 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 33 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red, autumn leaves used to smoke. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33 |
32873 | Rhus aromatica Ait. 3344 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 32 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 32 |
44525 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 78 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Husks made into cigarettes. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
33002 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 47 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as tobacco. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47 |
23810 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 103104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves and other plant parts smoked in pipes and cigarettes. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 103104 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );