uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
308 rows where use_subcategory = 63 sorted by pageno descending
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▲ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32933 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 99, 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red leaves dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100 |
32986 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 99, 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red leaves dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100 |
32990 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 99, 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red leaves dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100 |
32996 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 99, 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red leaves dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100 |
33013 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 99, 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red leaves dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100 |
32932 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 99 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, red leaves used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99 |
32985 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 99 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, red leaves used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99 |
32989 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 99 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, red leaves used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99 |
32995 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 99 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, red leaves used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99 |
33012 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 99 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, red leaves used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99 |
23911 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Apalachee 16 | hann86 197 | 97 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant smoked in the pre-ballgame rituals. | Hann, John H., 1986, The Use and Processing of Plants by Indians of Spanish Florida, Southeastern Archaeology 5(2):1-102, page 97 |
11115 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 96 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark dried, mixed with kinnikinnick or tobacco and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96 |
23817 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked ceremonially. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
3186 | Amorpha canescens Pursh 221 | Oglala 172 | g19 17 | 93 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves crushed fine, mixed with buffalo fat and used as a smoking material. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93 |
23952 | Nicotiana sp. 2586 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 91 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves crushed, stuffed into pipes and smoked. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 91 |
23827 | Nicotiana clevelandii Gray 2578 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23837 | Nicotiana glauca Graham 2579 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23854 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
8684 | Ceanothus sp. 817 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 89 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, mashed leaves mixed with tobacco. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 89 |
14776 | Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. 1619 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 86, 87 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 86, 87 |
22925 | Mentzelia pumila Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2458 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 85 |
33950 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33951 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33954 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33955 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33958 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33959 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33961 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33962 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
4647 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 82 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked or mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82 |
10919 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 81 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark occasionally mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 81 |
10788 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted inner bark used for smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
10809 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted inner bark used for smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
44525 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 78 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Husks made into cigarettes. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 78 |
23977 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 76 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with kinnikinnick and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
4530 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 74 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves and stems used to smoke. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74 |
23744 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Coahuilla 42 | b67 168 | 74 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves pounded, mixed with water, chewed and used as a smoking material. | Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 74 |
4604 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 7 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
23804 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 69 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Mixed with kinnikinnick and red willow and smoked at ceremonies. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69 |
4189 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4223 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4496 | Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. 346 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4505 | Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. 346 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4588 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4645 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10841 | Cornus canadensis L. 1091 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10858 | Cornus canadensis L. 1091 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10907 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10915 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10978 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10983 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4585 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 64 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
20219 | Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose 2177 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 64 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roots mixed with tobacco or rolled in cigarettes to give the smoke a pleasant menthol taste. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
4654 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 62 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves roasted until dry, mashed and mixed with tobacco. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62 |
4731 | Arenaria sp. 357 | Shoshoni 232 | m90 111 | 61 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to make tobacco mixture for smoking. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 61 |
11135 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 61 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Scraped bark used with tobacco. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 61 |
15588 | Gaultheria procumbens L. 1702 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 61 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as a substitute for chewing tobacco. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
12147 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 60 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to smoke. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60 |
8021 | Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood 730 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
23931 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
23970 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
43211 | Vicia faba L. 4141 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Crushed leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 59 |
31374 | Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. 3206 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 58 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked by the masker after the feast celebrating the completion of masks for the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 58 |
23939 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 57 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smashed roots used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 57 |
23979 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 57 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smashed roots used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 57 |
33157 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 563 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with native tobacco and used for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
3620 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
42536 | Valeriana sitchensis Bong. 4095 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
4590 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 559 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
32994 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Plains Indian 198 | h92 30 | 55 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to make a tobacco mixture. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55 |
23047 | Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray 2488 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 54 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 54 |
23859 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 54 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used to smoke in ceremonials. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 54 |
42818 | Verbascum thapsus L. 4106 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 53 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaf gathered and smoked as an Indian tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53 |
32928 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 524 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves added to tobacco for smoking. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524 |
23743 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 52 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 52 |
28121 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 52 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Seeds put into the liquid used to moisten dry tobacco meal and shaped into plugs. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52 |
3621 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 50 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Tiny, dried leaves used as an element of kinnikinnick. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
38398 | Solidago canadensis L. 3734 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 50 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roots smoked with other tobaccos. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50 |
29666 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Wood ashes mixed with tobacco and used for chewing tobacco. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
4687 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
10989 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
11140 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
23812 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves considered the most important source of tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
34027 | Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. 3426 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted, powdered leaves and bark occasionally used for smoking. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
42213 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as a 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
42357 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as a 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
42397 | Vaccinium sp. 4087 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves of several species smoked as 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
4524 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
4581 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as one of the elements in the tobacco mixture. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
9684 | Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n 917 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
11006 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
11045 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Winter bark used to make kinnikinnick. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
20845 | Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2237 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried root chips and Bull Durham used as a friendly smoke. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
30948 | Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. 3182 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Berries mashed, made into little cakes, dried and used like chewing tobacco. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 49 |
4559 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
11029 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
23451 | Morella cerifera (L.) Small 2525 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 480 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a tobacco substitute. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
3246 | Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. 236 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 48 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as a substitute for chewing tobacco. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48 |
10814 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Ponca 205 | h65 189 | 47 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used as an additive to tobacco. | Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 47 |
33002 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 47 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as tobacco. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );