uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
308 rows where use_subcategory = 63 sorted by tribe
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id | species | tribe ▼ | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10992 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 159 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 159 |
10993 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 170 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Shredded bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170 |
26569 | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. 2901 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 159 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Reeds filled with tobacco and used as a cigarette. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
23911 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Apalachee 16 | hann86 197 | 97 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant smoked in the pre-ballgame rituals. | Hann, John H., 1986, The Use and Processing of Plants by Indians of Spanish Florida, Southeastern Archaeology 5(2):1-102, page 97 |
3620 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
4522 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Crushed leaves smoked with tobacco. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
4523 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 276 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
4524 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
9597 | Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart. 915 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 277 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as the favorite smoking tobacco. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
9684 | Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n 917 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
11005 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried cambium greased, crushed and mixed with smoking tobacco. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102 |
11006 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
23743 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 52 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 52 |
23870 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh 2583 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 14 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for ritual smoking. Ritual smoking was begun by an orderly, who filled the pipe and passed it, unlit, to the man sitting next to the officiating ceremonialist. This man had the favored position because of his wealth in bundle ownership. He drew on the unlit pipe four times and then passed it back to the orderly, who lit the pipe and gave it to the man next to the distinguished bundle owner. This man drew on the pipe four times (not inhaling) and blew the smoke upward. Then the pipe was passed sunwise (clockwise) to each participant until it reached the door of the tipi, whence it was returned to the orderly. The pipe was not passed across the door to the other side of the lodge, where women and children were seated. If the pipe went out during the smoke, it was given to the orderly, who cleaned and refilled it. The manner in which the participant received the pipe varied according to bundle ownership. Thus, a Medicine Pipe bundle owner would grasp the pipe roughly with both hands half clenched, imitating the actions of a bear. A ceremony in which smoking had special significance was the Big Smoke, or All Smoking, ceremony. This ceremony was confined to ceremonialists, diviners, and bundle owners. They gathered for the single purpose of recounting their prestigious and wealthy positions in the tribe. The Big Smoke commenced at sundown and continued until day break, and there was continuous use of many pipes. Four songs were allowed to be sung for each bundle owned; participants would often qualify for sixteen songs or more. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 14 |
42536 | Valeriana sitchensis Bong. 4095 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
4360 | Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. 335 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4378 | Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. 336 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4468 | Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth 343 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4977 | Artemisia californica Less. 387 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 42 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves chewed fresh or dried and smoked after mixing with tobacco and other leaves. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 42 |
12147 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 60 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to smoke. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 60 |
23827 | Nicotiana clevelandii Gray 2578 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23837 | Nicotiana glauca Graham 2579 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
23854 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 90 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
4530 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 74 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves and stems used to smoke. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74 |
4531 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Carrier 27 | h49 34 | 12 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
3246 | Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. 236 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 48 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as a substitute for chewing tobacco. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48 |
8021 | Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood 730 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
15588 | Gaultheria procumbens L. 1702 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 61 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as a substitute for chewing tobacco. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
23931 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
23970 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
1214 | Acorus calamus L. 55 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 171 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Pulverized root and red willow bark used for smoking. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171 |
4546 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, mixed with red willow bark and used for pipe smoking. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
4547 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 14 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with skunkbush leaves in the absence of tobacco and smoked. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
4548 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 183 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco or red willow and used to smoke in a pipe. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183 |
11017 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with dried kinnikinnick leaves and used for pipe smoking. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
11018 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 183 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, pulverized under bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183 |
11019 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 14 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark mixed with skunkbush leaves in the absence of tobacco and smoked. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
32915 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 180 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180 |
33102 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 180 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180 |
33103 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 14 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
4554 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
9869 | Cicuta maculata L. 942 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Seeds mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
10950 | Cornus rugosa Lam. 1099 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
32926 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 135 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135 |
36143 | Salix sp. 3551 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 378 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking and general utility. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378 |
4555 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 199 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves pulverized and smoked before the introduction of tobacco and presently mixed with tobacco. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199 |
39453 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 199 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Needles mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199 |
23744 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Coahuilla 42 | b67 168 | 74 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves pounded, mixed with water, chewed and used as a smoking material. | Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 74 |
32928 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Comanche 48 | cj40 147 | 524 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves added to tobacco for smoking. | Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524 |
4559 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
11029 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
4567 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 29 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked in a pipe. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
11034 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 36 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried inner bark pulverized, mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36 |
20208 | Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose 2177 | Crow 60 | h92 30 | 24 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Root shavings added to tobacco and kinnikinnick and smoked. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24 |
10794 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 367 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried inner bark used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
10795 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
11038 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
23871 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh 2583 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 113114 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant cultivated and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113114 |
32932 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 99 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, red leaves used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99 |
32933 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 99, 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red leaves dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100 |
32934 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 367 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Scarlet leaves gathered in the fall and dried for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
33950 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark sometimes used alone or with tobacco for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
33951 | Rosa arkansana var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell 3420 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark, alone or mixed with tobacco, used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 85 |
3431 | Angelica atropurpurea L. 259 | Delaware, Oklahoma 63 | t42 22 | 28 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Seeds sometimes mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28 |
23838 | Nicotiana glauca Graham 2579 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 27 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 27 |
2649 | Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill 176 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 35 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Wood burned to make ashes added to tobacco. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35 |
26176 | Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries 2840 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 38 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
26186 | Petasites frigidus var. nivalis (Greene) Cronq. 2841 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 38 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, burned leaves added to chewing tobacco for flavoring. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
35621 | Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville 3516 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 34 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant gathered in late summer, burned to ashes and added to chewing tobacco. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
4570 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Eskimo, Arctic 68 | p53 171 | 23 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves powdered, dried, used as a substitute for tobacco or mixed with the tobacco and smoked. | Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
4571 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 191 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as an additive to or substitute for tobacco. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191 |
5584 | Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. 406 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 186 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used as a tobacco quid additive. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186 |
23943 | Nicotiana sp. 2586 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 184 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant chewed rather than smoked. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184 |
26179 | Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries 2840 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 189 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, burned plant ashes added to chewing tobacco. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189 |
29209 | Populus balsamifera L. 3095 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 188 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaf galls used with or as tobacco. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
36175 | Salix sp. 3551 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 182 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves added to tobacco in place of shelf fungus. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 182 |
42474 | Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n 4090 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 183 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a tobacco additive or substitute. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183 |
11044 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 366 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark smoked as a tobacco. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366 |
23745 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 375 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375 |
32938 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 379 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly used to smoke. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379 |
37606 | Sedum debile S. Wats. 3631 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 381 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly used to smoke. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
37988 | Silene menziesii Hook. 3680 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 381 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves powdered and formerly used to smoke as a tobacco. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
41990 | Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. 4071 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 384 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly dried and used as a tobacco. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384 |
3621 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 50 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Tiny, dried leaves used as an element of kinnikinnick. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
4581 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as one of the elements in the tobacco mixture. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
11045 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Winter bark used to make kinnikinnick. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
20845 | Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2237 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried root chips and Bull Durham used as a friendly smoke. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
23972 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 291 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for chewing and smoking. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 291 |
23746 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 240 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for pleasure. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 240 |
23855 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 240 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for pleasure. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 240 |
23856 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Havasupai 89 | spier28 164 | 105 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Spier, Leslie, 1928, Havasupai Ethnography, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29(3):101-123, 284-285, page 105 |
4584 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Heiltzuk 91 | c93 14 | 239 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked like tobacco. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
4585 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 64 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
23977 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 76 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with kinnikinnick and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
4189 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4496 | Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. 346 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4588 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10841 | Cornus canadensis L. 1091 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10907 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10978 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );