uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
308 rows where use_subcategory = 63 sorted by species
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id | species ▼ | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1035 | Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. 42 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
1214 | Acorus calamus L. 55 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 171 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Pulverized root and red willow bark used for smoking. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171 |
2541 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly smoked. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
2649 | Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill 176 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 35 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Wood burned to make ashes added to tobacco. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 35 |
2885 | Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng. 202 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 151 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Herb mixed with tobacco. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 151 |
3186 | Amorpha canescens Pursh 221 | Oglala 172 | g19 17 | 93 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves crushed fine, mixed with buffalo fat and used as a smoking material. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93 |
3246 | Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. 236 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 48 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as a substitute for chewing tobacco. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 48 |
3431 | Angelica atropurpurea L. 259 | Delaware, Oklahoma 63 | t42 22 | 28 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Seeds sometimes mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28 |
3620 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
3621 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 50 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Tiny, dried leaves used as an element of kinnikinnick. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
4189 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4223 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4360 | Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. 335 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4378 | Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. 336 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4429 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102 |
4431 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 101 |
4443 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102 |
4449 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fire dried, pulverized leaves smoked with other plants or alone. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 102 |
4468 | Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth 343 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4496 | Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. 346 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4505 | Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. 346 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4522 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Crushed leaves smoked with tobacco. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
4523 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 276 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
4524 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
4530 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 74 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves and stems used to smoke. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74 |
4531 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Carrier 27 | h49 34 | 12 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
4546 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, mixed with red willow bark and used for pipe smoking. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
4547 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 14 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with skunkbush leaves in the absence of tobacco and smoked. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
4548 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 183 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco or red willow and used to smoke in a pipe. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183 |
4554 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
4555 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 199 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves pulverized and smoked before the introduction of tobacco and presently mixed with tobacco. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199 |
4559 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
4567 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 29 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked in a pipe. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
4570 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Eskimo, Arctic 68 | p53 171 | 23 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves powdered, dried, used as a substitute for tobacco or mixed with the tobacco and smoked. | Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
4571 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 191 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as an additive to or substitute for tobacco. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191 |
4581 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as one of the elements in the tobacco mixture. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
4584 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Heiltzuk 91 | c93 14 | 239 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked like tobacco. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
4585 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 64 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
4588 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4589 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 20 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
4590 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 559 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
4595 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
4598 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Makah 133 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4604 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 7 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
4610 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried or roasted and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4611 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 297 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves roasted, crushed and smoked. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
4612 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nootka 167 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4627 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves toasted and used as a tobacco. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
4636 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
4639 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 100 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roasted, dried leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 100 |
4640 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked like tobacco. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
4641 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking, like tobacco. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
4642 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 118 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118 |
4645 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4647 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 82 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked or mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82 |
4654 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 62 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves roasted until dry, mashed and mixed with tobacco. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62 |
4655 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Skagit, Upper 242 | t89 131 | 42 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a tobacco substitute. | Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
4686 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 211 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried or toasted leaves alone or mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Too much smoking of these leaves was said to make one dizzy. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211 |
4687 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
4688 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
4731 | Arenaria sp. 357 | Shoshoni 232 | m90 111 | 61 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to make tobacco mixture for smoking. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 61 |
4977 | Artemisia californica Less. 387 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 42 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves chewed fresh or dried and smoked after mixing with tobacco and other leaves. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 42 |
5085 | Artemisia douglasiana Bess. 394 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 119 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 119 |
5412 | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 | Sioux 238 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used in smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
5584 | Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. 406 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 186 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used as a tobacco quid additive. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186 |
8021 | Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood 730 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
8684 | Ceanothus sp. 817 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 89 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, mashed leaves mixed with tobacco. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 89 |
9597 | Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart. 915 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 277 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as the favorite smoking tobacco. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
9641 | Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart. 915 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 34 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 34 |
9684 | Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis (Rydb.) Hult‚n 917 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
9869 | Cicuta maculata L. 942 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Seeds mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
10237 | Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. 1019 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 117 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Stem smoked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
10787 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 32, 33 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used for Indian tobacco, known as 'kinnikinnick.' | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 32, 33 |
10788 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted inner bark used for smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
10792 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
10794 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Dakota 61 | g13i 91 | 367 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried inner bark used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
10795 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10809 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted inner bark used for smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
10810 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Omaha 177 | g13ii 154 | 331 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried inner bark used either alone or with tobacco for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 331 |
10811 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10812 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10813 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10814 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Ponca 205 | h65 189 | 47 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used as an additive to tobacco. | Howard, James, 1965, The Ponca Tribe, SI-BAE Bulletin #195, page 47 |
10815 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 107 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Fragrant inner bark dried and used for smoking. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
10841 | Cornus canadensis L. 1091 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10858 | Cornus canadensis L. 1091 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10898 | Cornus foemina P. Mill. 1094 | Micmac 141 | s17 103 | 317 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
10907 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10915 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10919 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 81 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark occasionally mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 81 |
10945 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 272 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smoked at ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272 |
10948 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 418 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used to make kinnikinnick for smoking. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
10949 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 399 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Peeled, toasted, shredded twig bark used in the kinnikinnick or native smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
10950 | Cornus rugosa Lam. 1099 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
10978 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10983 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10989 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
10992 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 159 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 159 |
10993 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Abnaki 1 | r47 84 | 170 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Shredded bark used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170 |
11005 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried cambium greased, crushed and mixed with smoking tobacco. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );