uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
308 rows where use_subcategory = 63 sorted by notes
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4524 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
4647 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 82 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked or mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82 |
4588 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4645 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
9641 | Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart. 915 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 34 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 34 |
10841 | Cornus canadensis L. 1091 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10858 | Cornus canadensis L. 1091 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10907 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10915 | Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray 1096 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10978 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
10983 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
23745 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 375 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 375 |
23861 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 27 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27 |
32926 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 135 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135 |
4610 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried or roasted and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
23766 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, greased, mixed with leaves of other plants and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
23813 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, greased, mixed with leaves of other plants and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
23788 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 319 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, ground, moistened and made into balls for preservation. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 319 |
4546 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, mixed with red willow bark and used for pipe smoking. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
33103 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 14 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
23754 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 356 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
23755 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Midoo 142 | m66 109 | 319 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
23906 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 356 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
23907 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Midoo 142 | m66 109 | 319 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
23884 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 389 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, powdered and smoked. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389 |
15653 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pulverized and smoked with kinnikinnick. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
23752 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pulverized, powdered, mixed with liquid, formed into cakes and smoked in hollow stems. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
23904 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pulverized, powdered, mixed with liquid, formed into cakes and smoked in hollow stems. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
41990 | Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. 4071 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 384 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly dried and used as a tobacco. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 384 |
2541 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly smoked. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
32938 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 379 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly used to smoke. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379 |
37606 | Sedum debile S. Wats. 3631 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 381 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly used to smoke. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
23862 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 36 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves half or fully dried and smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36 |
23986 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 36 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves half or fully dried and smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 36 |
23977 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 76 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with kinnikinnick and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
4590 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 559 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
4636 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
4688 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
11117 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
11139 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
34010 | Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. 3426 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
34028 | Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. 3426 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
42190 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
42212 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
42540 | Valeriana sitchensis Bong. 4095 | Okanagon 176 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
42560 | Valeriana sitchensis Bong. 4095 | Thompson 259 | p52 55 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with other plant leaves and smoked. | Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
4547 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 14 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with skunkbush leaves in the absence of tobacco and smoked. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
4531 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Carrier 27 | h49 34 | 12 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
4559 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cree 54 | b41 145 | 485 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 485 |
4604 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 7 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
32873 | Rhus aromatica Ait. 3344 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 32 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 32 |
32915 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 180 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180 |
33164 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33165 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33253 | Rhus trilobata var. trilobata 3354 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33254 | Rhus trilobata var. trilobata 3354 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
40295 | Thymophylla acerosa (DC.) Strother 3952 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 24 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco for the flavor. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
4548 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 183 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco or red willow and used to smoke in a pipe. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183 |
33307 | Rhus typhina L. 3355 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 116 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco to cause it to smoke pleasantly. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116 |
4360 | Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. 335 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4378 | Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. 336 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4468 | Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth 343 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4642 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 118 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 118 |
10989 | Cornus sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg 1101 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
11140 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
42397 | Vaccinium sp. 4087 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves of several species smoked as 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
23744 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Coahuilla 42 | b67 168 | 74 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves pounded, mixed with water, chewed and used as a smoking material. | Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 74 |
4570 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Eskimo, Arctic 68 | p53 171 | 23 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves powdered, dried, used as a substitute for tobacco or mixed with the tobacco and smoked. | Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
4555 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 199 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves pulverized and smoked before the introduction of tobacco and presently mixed with tobacco. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199 |
4654 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 62 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves roasted until dry, mashed and mixed with tobacco. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 62 |
4611 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 297 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves roasted, crushed and smoked. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
42213 | Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm. 4082 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as a 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
42357 | Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. 4085 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 495 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as a 'kinnikinnick.' | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
33002 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 47 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked as tobacco. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47 |
31374 | Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. 3206 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 58 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked by the masker after the feast celebrating the completion of masks for the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 58 |
23817 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 95 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked ceremonially. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
23909 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 41 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for leisure. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
23746 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 240 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for pleasure. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 240 |
23855 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 240 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked for pleasure. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 240 |
4584 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Heiltzuk 91 | c93 14 | 239 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked like tobacco. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
4640 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 108 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked like tobacco. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
4496 | Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. 346 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4505 | Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. 346 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4189 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
4223 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 66 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes smoked. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
3620 | Antennaria rosea Greene 279 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
42536 | Valeriana sitchensis Bong. 4095 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 56 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sometimes used in the tobacco mixture. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56 |
23867 | Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viviani 2582 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 378 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sun dried, finely cut and smoked. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 378 |
4627 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves toasted and used as a tobacco. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
42814 | Verbascum thapsus L. 4106 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a ceremonial tobacco. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
32314 | Quercus nigra L. 3276 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 21 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a substitute for paper in rolling cigarettes. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21 |
42474 | Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n 4090 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 183 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a tobacco additive or substitute. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183 |
4655 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Skagit, Upper 242 | t89 131 | 42 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a tobacco substitute. | Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
4571 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 191 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as an additive to or substitute for tobacco. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191 |
32518 | Quercus stellata Wangenh. 3290 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 22 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as cigarette wrappers for the peyote ceremony. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22 |
4581 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 49 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as one of the elements in the tobacco mixture. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
4595 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
23067 | Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. 2490 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
36211 | Salix sp. 3551 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
23972 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 291 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for chewing and smoking. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 291 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );