uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
308 rows where use_subcategory = 63 sorted by tribe
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id | species | tribe ▼ | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14775 | Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. 1619 | Hopi 95 | f96 72 | 20 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. | Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 20 |
14776 | Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill. 1619 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 86, 87 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 86, 87 |
22874 | Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray 2447 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 335 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as substitute for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 335 |
22925 | Mentzelia pumila Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2458 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 85 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 85 |
23749 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Hopi 95 | cb42 160 | 109 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 109 |
23750 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Hopi 95 | vest40 126 | 166 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used very much. | Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 166 |
23858 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Hopi 95 | cb42 160 | 109 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used for smoking. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 109 |
24261 | Oenothera albicaulis Pursh 2613 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 336 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 336 |
24295 | Oenothera caespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz 2618 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 337 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as substitute for tobacco. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 337 |
23859 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 54 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used to smoke in ceremonials. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 54 |
23937 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 4 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking purposes. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 4 |
23938 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 30 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used to smoke and if the smoke blew in a streak to one side, it would rain in 24 hours. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 30 |
23939 | Nicotiana rustica L. 2585 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 57 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smashed roots used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 57 |
23979 | Nicotiana tabacum L. 2587 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 57 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smashed roots used for smoking. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 57 |
27297 | Picea sp. 2939 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 36 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried roots used to make cigars and smoked. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
28720 | Polanisia dodecandra ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & Gray) Iltis 3035 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 38 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried, rubbed leaves rolled in corn husks to make ceremonial cigarettes. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
42814 | Verbascum thapsus L. 4106 | Isleta 101 | j31 76 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a ceremonial tobacco. | Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
4589 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Jemez 102 | c30 28 | 20 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. | Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
20730 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Root chewed and smoked in the pipe. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
23884 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 389 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, powdered and smoked. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389 |
12326 | Dendromecon rigida Benth. 1262 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | One or two leaves put into the liquid and used in the preparation of the tobacco plug. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 25 |
23752 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pulverized, powdered, mixed with liquid, formed into cakes and smoked in hollow stems. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
23904 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pulverized, powdered, mixed with liquid, formed into cakes and smoked in hollow stems. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
28121 | Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. 2975 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 52 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Seeds put into the liquid used to moisten dry tobacco meal and shaped into plugs. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 52 |
12190 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 41 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
23047 | Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray 2488 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 54 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 54 |
23067 | Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. 2490 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 25 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
40295 | Thymophylla acerosa (DC.) Strother 3952 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 24 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco for the flavor. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
4590 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 559 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 559 |
33157 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Keresan 108 | w45 90 | 563 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with native tobacco and used for smoking. | White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
32314 | Quercus nigra L. 3276 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 21 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as a substitute for paper in rolling cigarettes. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 21 |
32518 | Quercus stellata Wangenh. 3290 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 22 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as cigarette wrappers for the peyote ceremony. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22 |
32947 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
32948 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 37 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
33164 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33165 | Rhus trilobata Nutt. 3352 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33253 | Rhus trilobata var. trilobata 3354 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
33254 | Rhus trilobata var. trilobata 3354 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 39 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
44447 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 17 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Shucks used for cigarette wrappings and used in the peyote ceremony. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17 |
39495 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 16 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Needles dried, pulverized and used in place of tobacco for smoking. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
4429 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102 |
4443 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 102 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 102 |
23753 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 104 |
4595 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
11069 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 44 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 44 |
11070 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
32873 | Rhus aromatica Ait. 3344 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 32 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 32 |
32950 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 33 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Red, autumn leaves used to smoke. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33 |
23949 | Nicotiana sp. 2586 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 229 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant formerly used as tobacco. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 229 |
2541 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves formerly smoked. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
4598 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Makah 133 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
15653 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pulverized and smoked with kinnikinnick. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 43 |
23905 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 386 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Light green leaves used for smoking. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 386 |
35943 | Salix lasiolepis Benth. 3536 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 331 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark portions dried, powdered and used as substitutes for chewing tobacco. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331 |
10787 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 32, 33 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used for Indian tobacco, known as 'kinnikinnick.' | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 32, 33 |
10788 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted inner bark used for smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
10809 | Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1089 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Toasted inner bark used for smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
42818 | Verbascum thapsus L. 4106 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 53 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaf gathered and smoked as an Indian tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 53 |
10945 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 272 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smoked at ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272 |
40746 | Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. 4026 | Meskwaki 139 | smith28 21 | 272 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Smoked at ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 272 |
23754 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 356 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
23906 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Mewuk 140 | m66 109 | 356 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 356 |
10898 | Cornus foemina P. Mill. 1094 | Micmac 141 | s17 103 | 317 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried bark mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
36211 | Salix sp. 3551 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used as tobacco. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
23755 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Midoo 142 | m66 109 | 319 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
23907 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis var. bigelovii (Torr.) DeWolf 2584 | Midoo 142 | m66 109 | 319 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried, pounded and used for smoking. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 319 |
23860 | Nicotiana obtusifolia var. obtusifolia 2580 | Mohave 147 | cb51 125 | 120 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Wild tobacco smoked. | Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 120 |
35954 | Salix lucida Muhl. 3538 | Montagnais 150 | s17 103 | 315 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried bark smoked as a substitute for tobacco. | Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
4604 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 7 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
9641 | Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart. 915 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 34 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried and smoked. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 34 |
11083 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 11 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark dried and mixed with tobacco as a substitute for kinnikinnick. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11 |
23872 | Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh 2583 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 16 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Used in compound for smoking and the delicate tobacco from flower was never chewed. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 16 |
29175 | Populus angustifolia James 3094 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 19 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.' | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
29218 | Populus balsamifera L. 3095 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 19 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.' | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
29389 | Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. 3098 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 19 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.' | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
29635 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 19 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.' | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
2885 | Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng. 202 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 151 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Herb mixed with tobacco. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 151 |
31374 | Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. 3206 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 58 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves smoked by the masker after the feast celebrating the completion of masks for the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 58 |
43211 | Vicia faba L. 4141 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 59 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Crushed leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 59 |
44475 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 27 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Husks used for cigarette papers. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 27 |
38398 | Solidago canadensis L. 3734 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 50 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roots smoked with other tobaccos. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 50 |
18553 | Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. 2055 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 12 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried fruits added to flavor tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
23764 | Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. 2577 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 43 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used as substitute for commercial tobacco. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
44483 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 18 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dry husks of young corn used to roll cigarettes, when paper not available. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18 |
23867 | Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viviani 2582 | Neeshenam 160 | p74 81 | 378 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves sun dried, finely cut and smoked. | Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 378 |
4610 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves dried or roasted and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
4611 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 297 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves roasted, crushed and smoked. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 297 |
4612 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Nootka 167 | ttco83 101 | 104 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves used for smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 104 |
3186 | Amorpha canescens Pursh 221 | Oglala 172 | g19 17 | 93 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Dried leaves crushed fine, mixed with buffalo fat and used as a smoking material. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93 |
1035 | Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. 42 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
10792 | Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1088 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used for kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
10948 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 418 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark used to make kinnikinnick for smoking. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
10949 | Cornus racemosa Lam. 1098 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 399 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Peeled, toasted, shredded twig bark used in the kinnikinnick or native smoking tobacco. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
13795 | Erigeron philadelphicus L. 1480 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 398 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Plant used in the smoking tobacco or kinnikinnick mixture. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398 |
35957 | Salix lucida Muhl. 3538 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 422 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Peeled, toasted and flaked bark used for kinnikinnick or smoking mixture. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
43024 | Viburnum dentatum var. dentatum 4129 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 417 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Bark furnished one of the ingredients of kinnikinnick. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
4627 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 101 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Leaves toasted and used as a tobacco. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
10237 | Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. 1019 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 117 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Stem smoked by children. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
11115 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 96 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Inner bark dried, mixed with kinnikinnick or tobacco and smoked. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96 |
20219 | Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose 2177 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 64 | Other 3 | Smoke Plant 63 | Roots mixed with tobacco or rolled in cigarettes to give the smoke a pleasant menthol taste. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );