uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
187 rows where use_subcategory = 58 sorted by tribe descending
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id | species | tribe ▲ | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11807 | Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. 1178 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 84 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Blossoms chewed and rubbed all over the hands for protection. This medicine belonged to the grandmother of the Gods of War. She gave it to the people with the instructions that, when near the enemy, they should chew the blossoms, eject the mass into their hand rubbing their hands well together. As soon as the Gods of War had done this, a peculiar yellow light spread all over the world, preventing the enemy from seeing how to aim their arrows. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 84 |
21463 | Lycium pallidum Miers 2316 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 94 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Ground leaves, twigs and flowers given to warriors for protection during war. A pinch of the mixture was given to each warrior. The warriors placed it in their mouths, ejected the mass into their hands and rubbed in on their faces, arms and bodies so that the enemy's arrows could not harm them. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 94 |
20234 | Ligusticum porteri Coult. & Rose 2180 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 44 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Roots used to ward off rattlesnakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44 |
20745 | Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2232 | Yuki 287 | c57ii 69 | 44 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Poultice of roots applied to neck to ward off sickness and rattlesnakes. | Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 44 |
27499 | Pinus contorta var. contorta 2954 | Tsimshian 267 | c93 14 | 318 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318 |
213 | Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 97 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Boughs used by young girls to scrub the face & clothes so that they would not be bothered by bears. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
4685 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 211 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves placed in moccasins or shoes after the death of a husband or wife for protection. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 211 |
5422 | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 170 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Plant used as incense to protect one against evil influences. If one had to go into a large crowd, he could smoke himself with this plant to protect himself against strangers who might bring him harm. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 170 |
17373 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 261 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Extremely hard wood used to make cuirasses and other types of armor. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 261 |
19065 | Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. 2062 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 92 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Boughs used as protection against illnesses and death. One informant said that, formerly, when a person died the branches were broken and laid in the coffin to keep the germs away and to keep the spirit or 'ghost' of the deceased person from harming or scaring the living. The informant also said that the branches could be placed on the stove in a little dish and the scent allowed to permeate the room. The branches could also be placed around the edges of the family's bedrooms as a disinfectant. They were left there until they lost their strong, pungent odor. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92 |
19066 | Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. 2062 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 92 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Hunters rubbed the boughs on themselves as protection against grizzlies. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92 |
20628 | Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm. 2219 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 192 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Plant used as a charm to stop a thunderstorm. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 192 |
21684 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 113 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Charcoal used as protection against 'witchcraft.' | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 113 |
27272 | Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. 2938 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 100 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches rubbed on skin to protect one against evil or 'witchcraft.' The protective powers were attributed to the prickly needles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
29680 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 277 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Decoction of branches used as a protective bath against witches. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 277 |
33927 | Rosa acicularis Lindl. 3417 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 267 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches placed around the body and house of a dead person to protect other people from its spirit. After a death, an orphan, widower or widow placed rose branches under the mattress to protect against sickness and to 'keep ghosts away.' Widows and widowers could fish only if rose branches were first swept around their gill nets. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
33928 | Rosa acicularis Lindl. 3417 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 267 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
34099 | Rosa nutkana K. Presl 3427 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 267 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches placed around the body and house of a dead person to protect other people from its spirit. After a death, an orphan, widower or widow placed rose branches under the mattress to protect against sickness and to 'keep ghosts away.' Widows and widowers could fish only if rose branches were first swept around their gill nets. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
34100 | Rosa nutkana K. Presl 3427 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 267 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
34139 | Rosa pisocarpa Gray 3431 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 267 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches placed around the body and house of a dead person to protect other people from its spirit. After a death, an orphan, widower or widow placed rose branches under the mattress to protect against sickness and to 'keep ghosts away.' Widows and widowers could fish only if rose branches were first swept around their gill nets. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
34140 | Rosa pisocarpa Gray 3431 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 267 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
34258 | Rosa woodsii Lindl. 3434 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 267 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches placed around the body and house of a dead person to protect other people from its spirit. After a death, an orphan, widower or widow placed rose branches under the mattress to protect against sickness and to 'keep ghosts away.' Widows and widowers could fish only if rose branches were first swept around their gill nets. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
34259 | Rosa woodsii Lindl. 3434 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 267 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves placed in moccasins for athlete's foot and possibly for protection. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
13621 | Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. bigelovii (Gray) Nesom & Baird 1450 | Tewa 257 | rhf16 61 | 45 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used to make wind breaks and other shelters for melon plants and young peach trees. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45 |
27686 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Tewa 257 | c74 82 | 347 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Gum put on forehead when going outside of house as protection against sorcery. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
7297 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Bark made into broad rimmed hats used by young, menstruating girls to restrict their vision. The broad rimmed hats prevented them from looking where they were not supposed to. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
16159 | Gramineae sp. 1770 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 8 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used for bedding and insulation in foot gear. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8 |
36306 | Salix sp. 3551 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 7 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leafless branches waved in the air to scare wolves away. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7 |
36307 | Salix sp. 3551 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 7 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leafless stems waved in the air to scare wolves away. Wolves were said to dislike the noise this made and would leave the area. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7 |
12858 | Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. 1350 | Sioux 238 | h92 30 | 38 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Juice used by 'jugglers' for protection in handling hot meat. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38 |
6587 | Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth 498 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 49 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used to cover berry baskets. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49 |
31497 | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 3214 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 49 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used to cover berry baskets. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 49 |
34075 | Rosa nutkana K. Presl 3427 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 67 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches broken and left in the house after removal of corpse to keep the disease in the body. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67 |
19234 | Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba 2065 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 404 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves kept with eagle tail feathers to prevent the feathers from causing sickness. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 404 |
15906 | Geum macrophyllum Willd. 1735 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 86 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves eaten before seeing a dying person for protection from germs. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
9924 | Cirsium brevistylum Cronq. 952 | Saanich 215 | tb71 23 | 81 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Sharp leaves placed in bathwater for protection from evil spirits, particularly before feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 81 |
35948 | Salix lasiolepis Benth. 3536 | Round Valley Indian 214 | c02 89 | 331 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Trees planted in circles and used to protect the dancers from the sun and wind. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 331 |
7518 | Brassica oleracea L. 619 | Rappahannock 211 | shc42 102 | 25 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves worn under the hat to protect from a strong sun. | Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 25 |
939 | Achillea millefolium L. 38 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 117 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Seed heads placed on a pan of live coals to produce smoke to keep the witches away. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 117 |
3276 | Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. 236 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 117 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Dried tops placed on a pan of live coals to hurt the eyes of the evil spirits and keep them away. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 117 |
39925 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 122 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Preserved or fresh leaves used as a smudge to exorcise evil spirits and purify sacred objects. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122 |
19198 | Juniperus virginiana L. 2064 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 63 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63 |
3591 | Angelica tomentosa S. Wats. 269 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 20 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Root carried and/or hung in homes for protection. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 20 |
41662 | Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. 4056 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 90 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Small, leafy branches hung in homes for protection against any harm that might come into the homes. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 90 |
3145 | Amelanchier sp. 214 | Pit River 197 | m66 109 | 222 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Wood made into a heavy robe or overcoat and corset armor and used for fighting. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 222 |
19193 | Juniperus virginiana L. 2064 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 63 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63 |
19682 | Larrea tridentata var. tridentata 2102 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches stuck in the ground to shade tobacco plants. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
24855 | Opuntia sp. 2670 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used between fence posts to protect tobacco plants from marauding animals. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
30117 | Prosopis velutina Woot. 3158 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 37 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Posts used to make a fence to protect tobacco plants from marauding animals. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 37 |
42604 | Veratrum californicum Dur. 4102 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 127 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Roots tied on the ankle or calf to drive away rattlesnakes. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 127 |
24311 | Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner 2620 | Paiute 183 | m90 111 | 50 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Root rubbed on hunter's moccasins and body to repel snakes. | Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 50 |
34189 | Rosa sp. 3432 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 81 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Sprig of rose carried to keep the ghost away at a funeral. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 81 |
41059 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Four rings of boughs and ritual bathing used to negate the effects of evil spirits. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
19188 | Juniperus virginiana L. 2064 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 63 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Boughs put on tipi poles to ward off lightning. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63 |
44491 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 68 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Chewed seeds scattered around the corn fields to protect the harvest from blackbirds. When the corn was approaching maturity, blackbirds attacked the fields for food. To prevent further damage, men chewed some grains and scattered them around the corn fields to deter the birds from the fields. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 68 |
18501 | Juniperus communis L. 2054 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 18 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Decoction of branches used as a wash for the body to protect a person from evil influences. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 18 |
19013 | Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. 2062 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 19 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Boughs considered an extremely powerful medicine for combating evil spirits associated with death. When a person died, his family used the boughs to fumigate the house. All the doors and windows were closed and the boughs were burned and the smoke allowed to fill all the rooms. This treatment was made even more effective by adding rose branches to the juniper. After the smoke treatment, rose and juniper branches were boiled together and the water used to wash the entire house--lights, windows, floors, walls and ceilings. This wash water was then taken outside and splashed all around the house and along the trails leading to the outbuildings to prevent the spirit of the dead person from coming back to the house. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 19 |
26389 | Philadelphus lewisii Pursh 2875 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 108 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Wood used to make breast plate armor. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 108 |
33894 | Rosa acicularis Lindl. 3417 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches made into tea and taken as protection from bad spirits and ghosts. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
33895 | Rosa acicularis Lindl. 3417 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches made into tea and used as washing water for one who was being jinxed by some bad person. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
33896 | Rosa acicularis Lindl. 3417 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches placed around the house and yard of the deceased to keep his or her spirit from returning. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34007 | Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. 3426 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches made into tea and taken as protection from bad spirits and ghosts. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34008 | Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. 3426 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches made into tea and used as washing water for one who was being jinxed by some bad person. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34009 | Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. 3426 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches placed around the house and yard of the deceased to keep his or her spirit from returning. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34062 | Rosa nutkana K. Presl 3427 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches made into tea and taken as protection from bad spirits and ghosts. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34063 | Rosa nutkana K. Presl 3427 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches made into tea and used as washing water for one who was being jinxed by some bad person. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34064 | Rosa nutkana K. Presl 3427 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches placed around the house and yard of the deceased to keep his or her spirit from returning. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34215 | Rosa woodsii Lindl. 3434 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches made into tea and taken as protection from bad spirits and ghosts. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34216 | Rosa woodsii Lindl. 3434 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches made into tea and used as washing water for one who was being jinxed by some bad person. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
34217 | Rosa woodsii Lindl. 3434 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 131 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches placed around the house and yard of the deceased to keep his or her spirit from returning. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
41308 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 57 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves wrapped around the sweathouse entrance frame to prevent from getting burned on the wood. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 57 |
41726 | Urtica dioica L. 4058 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 140 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Boiled plant used as a bath to combat witchcraft and a jinx by an evil person. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 140 |
7257 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 414 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Ojibwe claim that birch was never struck by lightning, hence offered a safe harbor in thunderstorms. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |
18106 | Iris versicolor L. 2017 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 430 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used as a charm against snakes. When blueberry picking, everyone carries a piece of this plant in his clothes and will handle it every little while to perpetuate the scent. They believe that snakes will shun them while so protected. They say that the Arizona Indians use it when they hold their snake dances and are never struck as long as their clothes are fumigated with it. They also chew it to get the odor into their mouths, preparatory to taking rattlesnakes into their teeth. The rattlesnake never offers to bite them so long as the scent of the blue flag persists. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430 |
28457 | Plantago major L. 3001 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 431 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Ground root always carried in the pockets to ward off snakes. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
9922 | Cirsium brevistylum Cronq. 952 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 97 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves or roots dried and placed around the house for protection from evil influences. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 97 |
14793 | Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. ex Fr.) Karst. 1623 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 56 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used for protection against people with ill feelings and wishes toward others. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56 |
15542 | Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex Wallr.) Pat. 1694 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 56 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used for protection against people with ill feelings and wishes toward others. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 56 |
39067 | Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake 3849 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 102 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Bark soaked, rubbed in water and used as a skin wash for protection and truthfulness. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 102 |
34182 | Rosa sp. 3432 | Nez Perce 162 | h92 30 | 62 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Sprigs hung on cradleboards to keep ghosts from babies. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 62 |
39065 | Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake 3849 | Nez Perce 162 | h92 30 | 59 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Branches looped around cradleboards to protect babies from ghosts. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 59 |
9504 | Chenopodium graveolens Willd. 900 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 25 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Cold infusion taken to give protection in warfare. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25 |
32158 | Quercus grisea Liebm. 3267 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 22 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used to protect new or ceremonial hogans from lightning, ghosts and witches. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
32620 | Quercus ?pauciloba Rydb. (pro sp.) [gambelii ? turbinella] 3250 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 22 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used to protect new or ceremonial hogans from lightning, ghosts and witches. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
39656 | Tetradymia canescens DC. 3914 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 53 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Burning leaf smoke used by undertakers after a burial to prevent the ghost from following. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
39657 | Tetradymia canescens DC. 3914 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 53 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Cold infusion of plant used as a bath by undertakers to prevent the ghost from following. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
41284 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 14 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves used to make mats hung up in the hogan to protect it, the people & the sheep from lightning. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |
42905 | Verbesina encelioides ssp. exauriculata (Robins. & Greenm.) J.R. Coleman 4116 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 54 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Flowers hung in the hogan or worn in a hat band as protection from lightning. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54 |
12007 | Dalea flavescens (S. Wats.) Welsh 1220 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 29 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Infusion of plant taken when lightning strikes near a hogan. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 29 |
26478 | Phlox stansburyi (Torr.) Heller 2888 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 38 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Infusion used to keep grasshoppers, rabbits and pack rats from eating corn. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 38 |
40521 | Tragia nepetifolia Cav. 3983 | Navajo, Kayenta 158 | wh51 106 | 31 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Plant sprinkled on hogan during rain storm for protection from lightning. | Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31 |
15716 | Gaura mollis James 1706 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 66 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Plant used to keep the dancers from burning themselves during the Fire Dance at the Mountain Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 66 |
26551 | Phoradendron sp. 2898 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 41 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Twigs hung over the doorway of a hogan for protection from lightning. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41 |
33789 | Ricinus communis L. 3403 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 60 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Plant used in an unknown manner as a protection from the spirit of the bear. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
44254 | Yucca sp. 4236 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 34 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaf juice mixed with powders and applied to shields. Yucca leaves were heated over a fire and the juice wrung out of them into an earthen vessel. The juice was then mixed with powders and applied to the shield with a pointed stick to make it live in the power of the sun, the serpent, the bear, the lightning and the rainbow. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 34 |
3450 | Angelica breweri Gray 260 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 166 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Chewed, rubbed on body or decoction taken to ward off snakes. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166 |
16864 | Heracleum maximum Bartr. 1851 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 81 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Plant smudged to drive away the evil spirit, whose special mission was to steal one's hunting luck. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 81 |
25386 | Panax quinquefolius L. 2733 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 80 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Root used in some war bundles and hunting bundles. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
39896 | Thuja occidentalis L. 3950 | Menominee 138 | s23 51 | 81 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Leaves used as moth balls and clothes stored away with layers of leaf sprays to keep out the moths. | Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 81 |
41711 | Urtica dioica L. 4058 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 246 | Other 3 | Protection 58 | Used to rub seal hunters bodies to protect themselves from the weather. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );