uses

Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB

154 rows where use_subcategory = 53

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id ▼ species tribe source pageno use_category use_subcategory notes rawsource
19 Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes 1 Nitinaht 166 ttco83 101 71 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
27 Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes 1 Thompson 259 tta90 10 97 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97
156 Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 Hesquiat 92 te82 41 41 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Fragrant boughs placed under bedding as an incense. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41
170 Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 Nitinaht 166 ttco83 101 71 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
212 Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. 5 Thompson 259 tta90 10 97 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97
242 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Blackfoot 23 j87 146 17 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves used as perfume. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 17
243 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Blackfoot 23 m09 42 278 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves used in buckskin bags for delightful odor & mixed with grease to add fragrance to hair oil. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278
244 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 107 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Needles packed with stored items, saddle pads or burned in a household smudge. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107
245 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 36 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used for incense, primarily in association with the Medicine Pipe bundles. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 36
263 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Flathead 76 h92 30 2 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Boughs used as incense. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2
264 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Flathead 76 h92 30 2 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Needles placed on stoves as incense or pulverized and used as body and garment scents. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2
281 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Nez Perce 162 h92 30 2 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Boughs burned and used as incense in sweathouses. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2
313 Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. 6 Thompson 259 tta90 10 97 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97
384 Acacia greggii Gray 15 Papago 188 cu35 27 52 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Buds and blossoms dried and used by women as perfume sachets. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52
785 Achillea millefolium L. 38 Clallam 41 f80 99 199 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Seeds used as house fragrances. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 199
851 Achillea millefolium L. 38 Kutenai 120 h92 30 6 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves formerly used for cologne, perfume and bath powder. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 6
1362 Acorus calamus L. 55 Omaha 177 ff11 124 584 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves made into wreaths and worn around the neck or head for the pleasant odor. Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584
2258 Allium sp. 160 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 107 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Bulbs rubbed on quivers as a deodorant. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107
2479 Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. 171 Thompson 259 steed28 33 503 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Stems sometimes used as a scent. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503
3273 Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. 236 Okanagan-Colville 175 tbk80 32 75 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves, stems and flowers placed in baby cradles, pillows or stored clothes for the good smell. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 75
3508 Angelica genuflexa Nutt. 262 Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 c93 14 211 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves chewed and juice rubbed on the body to mask the human smell. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 211
3902 Aquilegia canadensis L. 300 Meskwaki 139 smith28 21 273 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Ripe seeds used to perfume smoking tobacco. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 273
3907 Aquilegia canadensis L. 300 Omaha 177 g19 17 82 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Chewed seed paste spread among clothing and used as perfume, especially by bachelors. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82
3908 Aquilegia canadensis L. 300 Omaha 177 g13ii 154 323 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Chewed seed paste used among blankets or other effects by young men as perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323
3912 Aquilegia canadensis L. 300 Pawnee 190 g19 17 82 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Seeds used as perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82
3916 Aquilegia canadensis L. 300 Ponca 205 g19 17 82 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Crushed seeds spread among clothing and used as perfume, especially by bachelors. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82
5004 Artemisia campestris L. 388 Lakota 125 r80 108 35 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Pulverized roots used for perfume. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 35
5068 Artemisia douglasiana Bess. 394 Kawaiisu 106 z81 60 12 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant used for the aromatic fragrance in baths and hair washes. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 12
5241 Artemisia frigida Willd. 397 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 109 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant stuffed into saddles, women's pillows, hide bags and quivers as a deodorant. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109
5350 Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 109 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant stuffed into saddles, women's pillows, hide bags and quivers as a deodorant. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 109
5385 Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 399 Lakota 125 r80 108 36 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant burned as incense. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 36
5443 Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana 401 Lakota 125 r80 108 36 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant burned as incense. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 36
5570 Artemisia suksdorfii Piper 405 Nitinaht 166 ttco83 101 97 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plants dried and hung in houses for fresh scents. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 97
5583 Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. 406 Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 w78 64 186 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used to cover food odors and in the sweat lodges. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186
5978 Asarum canadense L. 421 Chippewa 38 gil33 15 129 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Slightly roasted roots made into a powder and sprinkled on clothing for perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129
6854 Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 47 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Roots used as incense during the Planting ceremonies of the Tobacco Society. A horse was encouraged to stand near a smudge of roots. Then a rider leapt on the horse and galloped across the planting grounds, stopping only to deposit small offerings to the Small People. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47
6855 Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 47 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Roots used as incense during the preparatory rites for the ceremonial runner. The ceremonial runner, in pre-horse days, had the duty of herding the buffalo toward the piskun (buffalo jump). The runner bathed himself in the smoke from a smudge of the dried root; according to tradition, that would enable him to run long distances--more than twenty miles a day. The runner wore special moccasins, which were transferable annually. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47
6856 Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 47 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Roots used as incense for the Crow feather headpiece during the transfer ceremony of Beaver bundle. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47
7461 Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gray 615 Karok 105 sg52 71 384 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Dried leaves sometimes worn inside basket caps for the fragrance. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384
7818 Calycanthus floridus L. 690 Cherokee 32 hc75 1 58 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used for perfume. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58
8881 Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) M. Hopkins 838 Navajo 157 e44 74 56 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves used as an incense in the Mountain Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 56
9462 Chenopodium botrys L. 896 Thompson 259 steed28 33 503 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant wound in necklaces, stuffed in pillows, bags, baskets or tied to clothes as a scent. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503
10369 Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze 1029 Karok 105 sg52 71 389 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves put in hats and clothes and vines hung around the neck as perfume. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 389
10511 Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. 1055 Chippewa 38 gil33 15 127 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves used for perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 127
11512 Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg. 1146 Navajo, Ramah 159 v52 18 35 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used on large fire to smoke clothes and remove skunk smell. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35
13932 Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. lanatum (Brand) Jepson 1492 Diegueno 65 hedges86 85 21 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves used with soap to wash the hair. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 21
14955 Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt 1639 Thompson 259 steed28 33 509 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves made into pads and worn under the armpits to make them smell sweet. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 509
15528 Galium triflorum Michx. 1691 Makah 133 g83 3 316 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant crushed and used as a perfume. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 316
15532 Galium triflorum Michx. 1691 Omaha 177 g13ii 154 323 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant gathered in green state and used only by women as perfume by tucking into the girdle. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323
15533 Galium triflorum Michx. 1691 Omaha 177 g19 17 115 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant tucked under women's girdles for the delicate fragrance given off during withering. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115
15534 Galium triflorum Michx. 1691 Ponca 205 g19 17 115 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant tucked under women's girdles for the delicate fragrance given off during withering. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115
15936 Geum triflorum Pursh 1738 Blackfoot 23 j87 146 38 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Ripe seeds crushed and used as perfume. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38
15957 Geum triflorum var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett 1739 Blackfoot 23 m90 111 57 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Crushed seed pods used for perfume. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 57
17208 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 114 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Grass packed into saddles to keep them smelling good. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 114
17209 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 9 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Grass used by everyone as incense during daily prayers. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9
17210 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 9 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Grass water used as incense smudge by the mother 34 days after giving birth & before returning home. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9
17211 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Blackfoot 23 m09 42 278 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves braided and placed with the clothes or carried in small bags as perfume. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278
17212 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 124 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves mixed with red ochre to make it smell good. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124
17213 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Blackfoot 23 m09 42 278 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves used as a hairwash and incense. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278
17214 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 9 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Stems bound at the lower end with other stems, braided and used as incense during ceremonies. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 9
17215 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Blackfoot 23 j87 146 20 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used as an incense, natural sachet or perfume. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 20
17223 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Cheyenne 33 g72 39 170 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Dried leaves used as a perfume by wrapping the article in the leaves. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 170
17247 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Kiowa 111 vs39 140 15 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15
17248 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Kiowa 111 vs39 140 15 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15
17249 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Kiowa 111 vs39 140 15 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15
17250 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Kiowa 111 vs39 140 15 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Dried leaves sprinkled over the fire to yield incense and used during the peyote ceremony. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 15
17253 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Lakota 125 k90 156 49 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used as a perfume. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 49
17262 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Montana Indian 151 h92 30 28 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used as a clothes and body perfume. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 28
17263 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Okanagan-Colville 175 tbk80 32 55 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Blades braided together and packed amongst clothes to give them a nice smell. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55
17267 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Omaha 177 g13ii 154 323 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant used as perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323
17274 Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. 1896 Thompson 259 steed28 33 503 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Grass tied in the hair and on neck and arm ornaments as a scent. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503
18521 Juniperus communis L. 2054 Tanana, Upper 255 k85 36 4 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Branches used on rocks in the steambath for the aromatic properties. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 4
18542 Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. 2055 Arapaho 17 n66 139 46 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Needles ground and used for their scent. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46
18964 Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. 2062 Cheyenne 33 h81 57 13 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Burned as an incense when making medicine. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 13
19162 Juniperus virginiana L. 2064 Kiowa 111 vs39 140 13 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Needles thrown into the fire and used as incense during prayers in the peyote meeting. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13
19167 Juniperus virginiana L. 2064 Lakota 125 k90 156 30 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves and twigs burned as incense in funerals. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 30
19187 Juniperus virginiana L. 2064 Omaha 177 g13ii 154 320 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Twigs used as incense. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 320
19235 Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana 2066 Kiowa 111 vs39 140 13 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Needles thrown into the fire and used as incense during prayers in the peyote meeting. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13
20207 Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose 2177 Crow 60 h92 30 24 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Root shavings sprinkled on live coals for incense. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24
20947 Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose 2243 Crow 60 h92 30 26 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Root shavings sprinkled on live coals to deodorize and purify the air. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 26
21006 Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose 2246 Nitinaht 166 ttco83 101 92 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves or seeds used as scents or charms. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92
21035 Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose 2246 Thompson 259 steed28 33 503 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant sometimes used as a scent. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503
21036 Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose 2246 Thompson 259 steed28 33 503 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Stems used as a scent. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503
21368 Lupinus sp. 2306 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 38 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used as incense in the Ghost Dance. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38
21482 Lycoperdon sp. 2319 Blackfoot 23 h74 26 38 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Puffballs used as incense to keep ghosts away. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38
22473 Matricaria discoidea DC. 2423 Blackfoot 23 m09 42 278 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Blossoms dried and used for perfume. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278
22481 Matricaria discoidea DC. 2423 Cheyenne 33 h92 30 23 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves dried, powdered, mixed with fir or sweet grass and used as perfume. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23
22496 Matricaria discoidea DC. 2423 Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 w78 64 183 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used as an aromatic in sweat lodges. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183
22510 Matricaria discoidea DC. 2423 Kutenai 120 h92 30 23 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves dried, powdered and used as perfume. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23
22516 Matricaria discoidea DC. 2423 Montana Indian 151 h92 30 23 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used as a perfume. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 23
22557 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. 2435 Dakota 61 g19 17 91 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Bunches of plants hung in the home for the fragrance. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91
22558 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. 2435 Dakota 61 g19 17 91 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Bunches of plants hung in the home for the fragrance. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91
22559 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. 2435 Dakota 61 g13i 91 365 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Grass hung in houses for the pleasant fragrance. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 365
22562 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. 2435 Iroquois 100 r45i 116 93 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Flowers used in a bouquet to perfume the house. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 93
22567 Melilotus sp. 2436 Havasupai 89 ws85 2 227 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves dried, ground, placed in a small bundle and tied onto women's clothes as a perfume. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227
22620 Mentha arvensis L. 2443 Cheyenne 33 h81 57 27 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Leaves and stems used as perfume and deodorizers in houses. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 27
22693 Mentha arvensis L. 2443 Montana Indian 151 h92 30 64 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Used as a home fragrant. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 64
22784 Mentha arvensis L. 2443 Thompson 259 steed28 33 503 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant used extensively as a scent. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 503
22785 Mentha arvensis L. 2443 Thompson 259 tta90 10 233 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Whole plant soaked in warm water to make a solution used to scent feather pillows. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 233
22796 Mentha arvensis L. 2443 Winnebago 280 g19 17 112 Other 3 Incense & Fragrance 53 Plant boiled with traps to deodorize them so that the smell of blood would not deter the animals. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112

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CREATE TABLE uses (
        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
        species INTEGER NOT NULL,
        tribe INTEGER NOT NULL,
        source INTEGER NOT NULL,
        pageno TEXT NOT NULL,
        use_category INTEGER,
        use_subcategory INTEGER,
        notes TEXT,
        rawsource TEXT NOT NULL,
        FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id),
        FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id)
        );