uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
121 rows where use_subcategory = 47
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1150 | Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth 46 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 46 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Seeds considered a good food to eat when suffering from stomachaches, colic or aching bones. When a person was suffering from any of these sicknesses, Indian ricegrass seeds should have been the only food eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
2166 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 117 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Cooked bulbs considered a delicacy. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked. They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across. They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves. The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy. The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat. It was very important to them for refreshment. Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117 |
2825 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 26 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
2919 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 26 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berries used in ritual meals. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
2920 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 26 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berry soup used for most ceremonial events. These ceremonial events included the transfer of a tipi design or the opening of a Medicine Pipe bundle or a Beaver bundle. The woman prepared the soup from berries, assorted roots, fat and water. At an appointed time during the ceremony this soup was served to all participants. The soup was blessed, and an offering of one of the berries was put back into the ground, before eating began. A few mouthfuls were taken; then the remainder of the soup was given to one or another of the women, who would take it home to her children. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
2934 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Cheyenne 33 | g72 39 | 176 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berries stewed for feasts. | Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176 |
4506 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 204 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berries formerly mixed with melted mountain goat fat and served to chiefs at feasts. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
4583 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 239 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berries mixed with high bush cranberries or Pacific crabapples and featured at winter feasts. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 239 |
4783 | Argentina egedii ssp. egedii 363 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 289 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Roots dried, steamed and eaten with oil at large feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289 |
6928 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Sanpoil 225 | tbk80 32 | 80 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Shoots mixed with chocolate tips and used in the 'first roots' ceremony. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 80 |
7833 | Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats. 699 | Cowichan 52 | ttco83 101 | 83 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Bulbs formerly served to guests at potlatches or winter dances. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83 |
7848 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Bulbs boiled and given in soup on special events. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
7854 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Cowichan 52 | ttco83 101 | 83 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Bulbs formerly served to guests at potlatches or winter dances. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83 |
7992 | Capsicum annuum var. annuum 725 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 47 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Added to meat and eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47 |
8292 | Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch 763 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
8293 | Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch 763 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nut meat oil added to the mush used by the False Face Societies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8347 | Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch 767 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
8348 | Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch 767 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nut meat oil added to the mush used by the False Face Societies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8432 | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 774 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
8433 | Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 774 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nut meat oil added to the mush used by the False Face Societies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
8499 | Castilleja lineata Greene 789 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 76 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Flowers sucked for the honey, a delicacy. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 76 |
9414 | Chenopodium album L. 894 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 24 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
9514 | Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller 902 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 25 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Seeds winnowed, ground with maize, made into bread and used as a ceremonial food in Nightway. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25 |
9942 | Cirsium edule Nutt. 958 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 20 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Young stems eaten raw as a 'luxury food.' | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 20 |
10076 | Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 979 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
10291 | Cleome multicaulis DC. 1025 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 51 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Leaves made into tea and taken at a general feast after finishing the masks for the Night Chant. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 51 |
10838 | Cornus canadensis L. 1091 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 63 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Raw berries eaten with dogfish oil by the elders of the village at a big feast. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63 |
11209 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
11210 | Corylus americana Walt. 1110 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nut meat oil added to the mush used by the False Face Societies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
11559 | Cucumis melo L. 1157 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11572 | Cucumis sativus L. 1158 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11646 | Cucurbita maxima Duchesne 1162 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11670 | Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir. 1163 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 93 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Flowers used to make special foods. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93 |
11677 | Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir. 1163 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11717 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 113 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Squash eaten at feasts of ceremonial importance and longhouse ceremonies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 113 |
11743 | Cucurbita pepo L. 1164 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 67 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Blossoms cooked in grease and used as a delicacy in combination with other foods. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67 |
11972 | Dalea candida var. candida 1216 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 57 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Roots eaten as a delicacy by little children and sheepherders. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 57 |
11983 | Dalea candida var. candida 1216 | Santa Clara 227 | rhf16 61 | 58 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Plant chewed by women and children as a delicacy. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 58 |
11999 | Dalea candida var. oligophylla (Torr.) Shinners 1217 | Santa Clara 227 | rhf16 61 | 58 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Plant chewed by women and children as a delicacy. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 58 |
12205 | Datura wrightii Regel 1244 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 74 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Seeds eaten in ceremonies. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 74 |
13363 | Equisetum hyemale L. 1422 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 57 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Rootstocks eaten during puberty ceremonies. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
13399 | Equisetum hyemale L. 1422 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 57 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Rootstocks eaten during puberty ceremonies. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
13429 | Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun 1424 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 57 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Rootstocks eaten as a delicacy. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
13430 | Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun 1424 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 57 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Rootstocks eaten during puberty ceremonies. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
13458 | Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun 1424 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 57 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Rootstocks eaten as a delicacy. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
13459 | Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun 1424 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 57 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Rootstocks eaten during puberty ceremonies. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
14680 | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1603 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
14681 | Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1603 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nut meat oil added to the mush used by the False Face Societies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
14736 | Ferocactus sp. 1609 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 5 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Flesh prepared as a special dish with mesquite pods. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
14824 | Fouquieria splendens Engelm. 1630 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 28 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nectar pressed out of blossoms, hardened like rock candy and chewed as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 28 |
14851 | Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. 1632 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 36 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berries served by young women to their guests at parties. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36 |
14924 | Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt 1638 | Apache 10 | c35 19 | 29 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
14926 | Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt 1638 | Cochiti 43 | c35 19 | 29 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
14933 | Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt 1638 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 29 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
14934 | Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt 1638 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 29 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
14935 | Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt 1638 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 53 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits used for food and considered a delicacy. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53 |
15639 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 286 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berries mashed with stink currant berries and eaten by chiefs and their wives. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286 |
15640 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 282 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Ripe berries dipped into oil and eaten fresh at feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
16677 | Helianthus sp. 1833 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 184 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Seeds ground and used by army scouts as rations. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 184 |
18210 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
18211 | Juglans cinerea L. 2031 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nut meat oil added to the mush used by the False Face Societies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18291 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
18292 | Juglans nigra L. 2034 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 123 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nut meat oil added to the mush used by the False Face Societies. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
18754 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Tewa of Hano 258 | rhf16 61 | 40 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Gum chewed as a delicacy. | Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 40 |
20057 | Lewisia rediviva Pursh 2159 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 243 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Dried roots cooked in soups such as fish head soup, but only served on special occasions. Because the roots were so valuable, they were only served on special occasions. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 243 |
20801 | Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance 2235 | Sanpoil 225 | tbk80 32 | 66 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Shoots mixed with balsamroot and featured in the 'first roots' ceremony. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 66 |
21437 | Lycium pallidum Miers 2316 | Jemez 102 | c35 19 | 33 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Unripe berries stewed, sweetened and eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
21449 | Lycium pallidum Miers 2316 | Navajo 157 | e44 74 | 74 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruit sacrificed to the gods. | Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 74 |
22227 | Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. 2391 | Kitasoo 112 | c93 14 | 342 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruit used as a food item associated with ceremonial situations. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342 |
22232 | Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. 2391 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 290 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits boiled until soft and eaten with oil at large feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290 |
23242 | Monarda fistulosa L. 2504 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 50 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Leaves chewed while people were singing and dancing. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50 |
24102 | Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal 2596 | Klamath 115 | c04 186 | 728 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Used as a delicacy. | Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728 |
24217 | Oemleria cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon 2610 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 289 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits eaten fresh with oil at large feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289 |
24257 | Oenothera albicaulis Pursh 2613 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 45 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruit chewed as a delicacy without preparation. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
25552 | Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. 2757 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 411 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Root cooked and given as a special food by Winabojo. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 411 |
26723 | Physalis subulata var. neomexicana (Rydb.) Waterfall ex Kartesz & Gandhi 2920 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 45 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh fruit eaten by children as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
27528 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 43 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Seeds ground, rolled into balls and eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
27533 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Apache, Mescalero 12 | b74 52 | 35 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nuts used as an essential food during girls' puberty ceremonies. | Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
27566 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Hopi 95 | n43 184 | 18 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Nuts roasted and eaten as an after supper luxury. | Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18 |
27616 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Navajo 157 | l86 121 | 21 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Ground nuts rolled into balls and eaten as a delicacy. | Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 21 |
29054 | Polyporus harlowii 3082 | Pueblo 207 | c35 19 | 33 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fungi boiled and eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
29578 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 104 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Bark sucked by anyone observing a liquid taboo. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
30053 | Prosopis pubescens Benth. 3156 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 41 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Raw pods chewed and eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
30232 | Prunus americana Marsh. 3160 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 35 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits pulverized, sun dried, boiled and eaten as a delicacy. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
30719 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 26 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berry soup used for most ceremonial events. These ceremonial events included the transfer of a tipi design or the opening of a Medicine Pipe bundle or a Beaver bundle. The woman prepared the soup from berries, assorted roots, fat and water. At an appointed time during the ceremony this soup was served to all participants. The soup was blessed, and an offering of one of the berries was put back into the ground, before eating began. A few mouthfuls were taken; then the remainder of the soup was given to one or another of the women, who would take it home to her children. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
30803 | Prunus virginiana L. 3181 | Lakota 125 | k90 156 | 38 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Small branches sucked or chewed for thirst during the Sun Dance. | Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
31838 | Quercus agrifolia N‚e 3251 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31933 | Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. 3255 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
31995 | Quercus dumosa Nutt. 3257 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32183 | Quercus kelloggii Newberry 3270 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 121 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
32450 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 99 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
32906 | Rhus glabra L. 3347 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Bark eaten by children as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
33620 | Ribes lobbii Gray 3378 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 286 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berries boiled, cooled and eaten with oulachen oil at feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286 |
34801 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Isleta 101 | c35 19 | 19 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Fruits eaten as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19 |
34934 | Rubus sp. 3469 | Iroquois 100 | p10 107 | 95 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Dried berries soaked in honey and water and used as a ceremonial food by the Bear Society. | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 95 |
34966 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 279 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Young sprouts peeled and served as a featured item at salmonberry sprout feasts. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
34994 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 275 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Sprouts available in large amounts often the occasion for sprout parties. Makah women would collect canoe loads of sprouts and pit steam them on the beach. People would sing and dance while waiting for the steaming sprouts to finish cooking. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275 |
37847 | Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 3658 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 236 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Berries served at large gatherings, special occasions and feasts. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 236 |
38520 | Sophora nuttalliana B.L. Turner 3756 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 33 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Sweet roots chewed as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
38522 | Sophora nuttalliana B.L. Turner 3756 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 33 | Food 1 | Special Food 47 | Sweet roots chewed as a delicacy. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );