uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
784 rows where use_subcategory = 4
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
412 | Acer circinatum Pursh 22 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 197 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Sap eaten dried. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197 |
479 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 197 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Sap eaten dried. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197 |
539 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero 11 | co36 95 | 44 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Inner bark scrapings dried and kept for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
1664 | Agaricus sp. 83 | Thompson 259 | steed28 33 | 483 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Plant strung, dried, cut, peeled and eaten raw or roasted. | Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 483 |
1726 | Agave americana L. 89 | Apache 10 | c35 19 | 10 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
1746 | Agave americana L. 89 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 70 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Fruit heads roasted, centers sun dried and used for food. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 70 |
1760 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Baked leaves dried and stored for future use. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
1761 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Flowers parboiled to release the bitterness and dried for future use. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
1762 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 31 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Roasted, pounded stalks and leaves made into cakes and sun dried. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
1780 | Agave deserti Engelm. 91 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 4 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Hearts dried and stored indefinitely. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4 |
1791 | Agave palmeri Engelm. 93 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Plant eaten dried. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1799 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache 10 | c35 19 | 10 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
1800 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache 10 | c35 19 | 10 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Heads and young leaves roasted, sun dried and used immediately or stored. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 10 |
1819 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Plant eaten dried. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1820 | Agave parryi Engelm. 94 | Apache, Western 14 | b86 87 | 169 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Plant eaten dried. | Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |
1855 | Agave sp. 96 | Navajo 157 | b65 195 | 94 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Heads baked or boiled, pounded into flat sheets, sun dried and stored for future use. | Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 94 |
1865 | Agave sp. 96 | Yavapai 284 | g36 48 | 260 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Pounded, cooked, dried meaty centers of leaves stored in houses for later use. | Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260 |
1945 | Alaria marginata Postels & Ruprecht 114 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 24 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones. Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use. The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs. If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |
2147 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 20 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs, never the tops, dried for the winter. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 |
2151 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 38 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs dried and stored for winter use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38 |
2164 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 117 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs dried for winter storage. The dried bulbs were sprinkled with water and became just like fresh bulbs or they were soaked overnight in water. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117 |
2165 | Allium cernuum Roth 141 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 117 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs tied in bundles, partially dried, pit cooked and used for food. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked. They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across. They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves. The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy. The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat. It was very important to them for refreshment. Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117 |
2179 | Allium douglasii Hook. 144 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 38 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs dried, pit cooked and eaten. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38 |
2192 | Allium geyeri S. Wats. 147 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 38 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs dried, pit cooked and eaten. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38 |
2198 | Allium macropetalum Rydb. 151 | Navajo 157 | c35 19 | 15 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs rubbed in hot ashes, dried and stored for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 |
2204 | Allium parvum Kellogg 153 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 44 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs dried and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 |
2296 | Allium tricoccum Ait. 163 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 406 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Large, bitter, wild leek gathered in spring and dried for future use. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406 |
2705 | Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 186 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 15 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Young plants boiled and dried for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 |
2716 | Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. 186 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 15 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Young plants boiled and dried for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 |
2752 | Amaranthus hybridus L. 190 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 16 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Young plants boiled and dried for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16 |
2768 | Amaranthus hybridus L. 190 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 16 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Young plants boiled and dried for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 16 |
2778 | Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. 191 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 24 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24 |
2786 | Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. 191 | Pima, Gila River 195 | r91 136 | 5 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Leaves dried and stored for year round use. | Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
2795 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Acoma 2 | c35 19 | 15 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Young plants boiled and dried for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 |
2811 | Amaranthus retroflexus L. 193 | Laguna 124 | c35 19 | 15 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Young plants boiled and dried for winter use. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 |
2886 | Ambrosia tenuifolia Spreng. 202 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 17 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Surplus of roots sun dried on roofs and used for food. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17 |
2899 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Atsugewi 19 | g53 129 | 139 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Dried, stored berries soaked in water and eaten. | Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
2909 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 100 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and stored, some with backfat, for future use. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
2910 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 37 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried for future use. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37 |
2936 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Cree, Plains 57 | m40 206 | 202 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries crushed, dried and stored for future use. | Mandelbaum, David G., 1940, The Plains Cree, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 37:202-203, page 202 |
2946 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 28 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Sun dried fruit eaten boiled or pounded into a pemmican. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28 |
2947 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 28 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Sun dried fruit eaten cooked in water or raw as a sweet snack. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28 |
2961 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 361 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries mashed and dried in large quantities for winter use. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 361 |
2964 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Great Basin Indian 80 | n66 139 | 48 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries eaten dried. | Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
2970 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 385 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and stored in big baskets. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
3007 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 120 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
3041 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 253 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried loose like raisins. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
3058 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Ute 272 | c09 142 | 32 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried for winter use. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 |
3064 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. alnifolia 205 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 263 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and eaten. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 263 |
3067 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. cusickii (Fern.) C.L. Hitchc. 206 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 83 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries eaten dried. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 83 |
3071 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Alaska Native 4 | h53 132 | 75 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and used in place of raisins or currants. | Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 75 |
3078 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 38 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried, boiled with dog salmon and eaten at feasts. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38 |
3084 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Skagit, Upper 242 | t89 131 | 38 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries mashed and dried for winter use. | Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38 |
3087 | Amelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hook.) C.L. Hitchc. 207 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 38 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Fruits dried and eaten during the winter. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38 |
3095 | Amelanchier arborea var. arborea 209 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 277 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried for winter use. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
3107 | Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. 210 | Chippewa 38 | gil33 15 | 132 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Fruit dried for winter use. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 132 |
3113 | Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. 210 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 128 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
3123 | Amelanchier laevis Wieg. 211 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 408 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries used for food and dried for winter use, the Indians preferred them to blueberries. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
3124 | Amelanchier pallida Greene 212 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 38 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried for future use. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 38 |
3137 | Amelanchier sp. 214 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 75 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried for winter use. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 75 |
3152 | Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg. 215 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 107 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried for winter use. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107 |
3165 | Amelanchier utahensis Koehne 216 | Navajo 157 | h56 141 | 148 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried for winter use. | Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 148 |
3169 | Amelanchier utahensis Koehne 216 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 100 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries crushed, dried and used for food. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 100 |
4193 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 387 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries steamed, dried and stored for future use. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
4257 | Arctium lappa L. 327 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 120 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Roots dried by the fire and stored away for winter use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 120 |
4340 | Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. 333 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 388 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and stored in storage baskets for future use. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
4353 | Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. 335 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries sun dried and stored for future use. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4366 | Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. 335 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 68 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Dried, pounded berries stored for later use and made into pinole, cakes or mixed with water. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 68 |
4372 | Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. 336 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries sun dried and stored for future use. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4390 | Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry 337 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 388 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and stored in storage baskets for future use. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
4423 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 388 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and stored in storage baskets for future use. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
4441 | Arctostaphylos patula Greene 340 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 388 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and eaten. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
4461 | Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth 343 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 40 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries sun dried and stored for future use. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
4484 | Arctostaphylos sp. 345 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 252 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Fruit dried and stored for winter use. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252 |
4489 | Arctostaphylos sp. 345 | Hualapai 97 | w82 127 | 46 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and stored for future use. | Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 46 |
4493 | Arctostaphylos sp. 345 | Paiute 183 | stew33 65 | 245 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Fruit sun dried, stored in buckskin bags and hung up for winter use. | Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245 |
4503 | Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. 346 | Pomo 200 | b52 96 | 81 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Seeds ground, molded into biscuits and sun-dried. | Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 81 |
4513 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Blackfoot 23 | h74 26 | 101 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and later soaked with sugar. | Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
4549 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Chinook, Lower 37 | g73 25 | 44 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried in bags, mixed with oil and eaten. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
4556 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Coeur d'Alene 47 | teit28 144 | 90 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and used for food. | Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90 |
4591 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Kimsquit 110 | t73 53 | 204 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries formerly dried, boiled, mixed with boiled dumplings and used for food. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
4600 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Montana Indian 151 | b05 73 | 7 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Fruit eaten fresh and dried. | Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
4652 | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 347 | Sanpoil and Nespelem 226 | tbk80 32 | 101 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Berries dried and stored for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 101 |
4782 | Argentina egedii ssp. egedii 363 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 289 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Roots dried, steamed and eaten with oil at large feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 289 |
4786 | Argentina egedii ssp. egedii 363 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 118 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Roots steam cooked, dried for winter storage, soaked, briefly steamed and eaten like dessert. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 118 |
6387 | Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal 450 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 129 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
6511 | Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus (Gray) M.E. Jones 481 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 65 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Pods dried for winter use. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 65 |
6684 | Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats. 508 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 23 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Seeds roasted, dried, parched and stored. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23 |
6730 | Atriplex sp. 517 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 73 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Seeds dried, parched, ground and eaten dry with sips of water. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 73 |
6899 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 80 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Seeds oven dried for future use. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 80 |
6941 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 175 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Cooked roots hung on strings, dried and then stored on the strings or in baskets. The dried roots were reconstituted by soaking in water overnight. After they were cooked, the roots tasted sweet and were eaten as a 'sort of dessert' after a meal of dried fish or some other food as a main course. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 175 |
6963 | Balsamorhiza ?terebinthacea (Hook.) Nutt. (pro sp.) [deltoidea ? hookeri] 543 | Paiute 183 | k32 153 | 103 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Dried roots eaten raw. | Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103 |
7715 | Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats. 673 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 12 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs dried and used as a winter food. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12 |
7727 | Calochortus leichtlinii Hook. f. 674 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 44 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Roots dried and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 |
7750 | Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray 677 | Gosiute 79 | c11 38 | 364 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs formerly dried and preserved for winter use. | Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 364 |
7761 | Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray 677 | Paiute, Northern 185 | f89 50 | 44 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Roots dried and eaten. | Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44 |
7836 | Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats. 699 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 83 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs steam cooked, flattened and dried for future food use. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 83 |
7840 | Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S. Wats. 699 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 74 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs pit steamed, slightly dried and used for food. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74 |
7862 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Klamath 115 | c97 66 | 93 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs stored for future use. | Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 93 |
7872 | Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene 700 | Nisqually 165 | g73 25 | 24 | Food 1 | Dried Food 4 | Bulbs cooked, sun dried and stored for future use as food. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );