uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
403 rows where use_subcategory = 33 sorted by id descending
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id ▲ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
44424 | Zea mays L. 4244 | Iroquois 100 | w16 112 | 71 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Husks used as wrappers for boiling the double wedding corn bread package. | Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 71 |
43701 | Xerophyllum sp. 4216 | Hahwunkwut 83 | m66 109 | 183 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183 |
43669 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 45 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used in roasting pits as containers for beans. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
43601 | Wyethia helenioides (DC.) Nutt. 4201 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 139 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Green leaves used as top layer, over the hot stones, in the earth oven. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 139 |
43576 | Woodwardia radicans (L.) J. Sm. 4196 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 11 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Fronds used for lining the top and bottom of an earth oven in baking acorn bread. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
43570 | Woodwardia fimbriata Sm. 4195 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 45 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Long leaves used to line the top and bottom of earth oven for baking acorn bread and other foods. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 45 |
43555 | Washingtonia filifera (L. Linden) H. Wendl. 4190 | Cahuilla 24 | bs72 31 | 145 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems used to make cooking utensils, spoons and stirring implements. | Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 145 |
43383 | Vitis californica Benth. 4172 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 139 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Green leaves used as top layer, over the hot stones, in the earth oven. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 139 |
41918 | Usnea longissima (L.) Ach. 4063 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 55 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used for wiping salmon. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55 |
41608 | Ulmus thomasii Sarg. 4054 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41599 | Ulmus thomasii Sarg. 4054 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41592 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41578 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41570 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41562 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41510 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41479 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41471 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41465 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41433 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41401 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 144 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and stems used in making 'trays' or plates. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144 |
41375 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Shuswap 233 | palmer75 92 | 55 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to make mats for bedding, drying berries and for meal times. | Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55 |
41056 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 71 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used to roast fern roots. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 71 |
41018 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to carve dishes and spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
40977 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used to wrap and cover foods in earth ovens. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40976 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used in processing salmon. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40969 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 180 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used under cleaned salmon while draining. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 180 |
40454 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 364 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Fresh leaves formerly used to wrap up acorn meal for baking. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 364 |
40448 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 385 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Twigs used to spit the salmon steaks during smoking. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
40447 | Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene 3972 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 58 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used to prop salmon filet open. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 58 |
40401 | Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. 3963 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 472 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to remove scum in cooking. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472 |
40397 | Tillandsia sp. 3962 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 472 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used as a water supply for cooking during the dry season. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472 |
40232 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 71 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Inner bark beaten to separate the fibers and used for threading clams. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
40202 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 57 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make dishes, ladles and spoons. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
40179 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 63 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make sticks to dry oolichans and made into barbecue racks for salmon and other fish. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 63 |
40128 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 67 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls, cooking boxes and spreading sticks to prevent dried fish from curling up. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
40089 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 228 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make fish barbecuing sticks and cross pieces. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
40071 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 266 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used in drying seaweed for eating. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266 |
40050 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kwakiutl 121 | b66 148 | 8 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for making utensils. | Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 8 |
40040 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kutenai 120 | h92 30 | 54 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
40034 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 57 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make dishes, ladles and spoons. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
40018 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 35 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make serving dippers. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
39997 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 162 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood made into tongs and used to transfer boiling stones from the fire to cooking vessels. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
39996 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 162 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood boards used to separate oval leaved blueberries from the leaves. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
39995 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 162 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Inner bark used to whip soapberries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
39957 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 19 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to line cooking pits or cut in broad strips, plaited and used for dishes. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
39542 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 16 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to make spoons. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39531 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 121 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make mush stirrers. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 121 |
39528 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 11 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for mush stirrers. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
39521 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make serving bowls for food. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 75 |
39504 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 16 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to make spoons and dishes. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
39498 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
39451 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 195 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make barbecue stakes. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 195 |
39425 | Taxodium ascendens Brongn. 3899 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 471 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make spoons and food paddles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 471 |
39033 | Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats. 3848 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 262 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and stalks used to line cooking pits. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
39030 | Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats. 3848 | Papago 188 | h08 174 | 262 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and stalks used to line cooking pits. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
39020 | Suaeda moquinii (Torr.) Greene 3846 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 15 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to line baking pits for roasting chollas. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
39005 | Suaeda arborescens 3844 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 78 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to line saltbush roasting pits. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 78 |
39004 | Suaeda arborescens 3844 | Pima 193 | r08 104 | 71 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to cover coals in cooking pits. | Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71 |
38818 | Stachys mexicana Benth. 3814 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 45 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plants used to cover steaming sprouts. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
38815 | Stachys mexicana Benth. 3814 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 45 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plants used to cover steaming sprouts. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
38814 | Stachys mexicana Benth. 3814 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 69 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plants laid under fish to keep them clean. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 69 |
38736 | Spiraea douglasii var. menziesii (Hook.) K. Presl 3793 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems peeled and used to string clams for roasting. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
38733 | Spiraea douglasii Hook. 3792 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used for spreading and cooking salmon. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
38731 | Spiraea douglasii Hook. 3792 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 210 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used to hang salmon for drying and smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210 |
37963 | Sideroxylon salicifolium (L.) Lam. 3670 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 467 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make food paddles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 467 |
37959 | Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq. 3667 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 494 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make food paddles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 494 |
37496 | Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla 3609 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 63 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems sewn with cord, made into mats & used as rugs, meat platters, cradle linings & sleeping mats. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 63 |
37396 | Schoenoplectus acutus var. acutus 3603 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 36 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems dried, sewn into large mats and used for drying berries and cutting and drying meat and fish. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 36 |
37210 | Sarracenia purpurea L. 3588 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 123 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for a drinking cup when out in the woods or swamp. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123 |
37185 | Sarracenia purpurea L. 3588 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 59 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaf used by children as a toy kettle to cook meat over an open fire. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 59 |
37167 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 25 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems tied together with buckskin and used for mush stirring sticks. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25 |
37140 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 358 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for stirring rods. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 358 |
37139 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Hopi 95 | w39 37 | 74 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Strong wood used to make stirring rods. | Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 74 |
36870 | Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa 3569 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 229 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to whip soapberries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229 |
36275 | Salix sp. 3551 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 61 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Willows used to make drinking vessels and cooking vessels. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
36274 | Salix sp. 3551 | Paiute 183 | m53 98 | 61 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Willow woven into a tray and used for winnowing seeds. | Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
36218 | Salix sp. 3551 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 67 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make meat racks. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
36173 | Salix sp. 3551 | Eskimo, Inuktitut 71 | w78 64 | 189 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Small branches used to string fish for drying. | Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189 |
36095 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 381 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Twigs used by fishermen to string salmon steaks while drying. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
36088 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
36087 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
36077 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Wet'suwet'en 278 | g92 166 | 154 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark strips used for hanging fish. | Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
36055 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
36054 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
35976 | Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr. 3539 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 127 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make single pronged barbecue sticks for roasting salmon. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
35966 | Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr. 3539 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 287 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used to hang drying oolichans. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 287 |
35931 | Salix irrorata Anderss. 3535 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 70 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Eight or twelve willows trimmed at the ends, tied together & used for stirring fire toasted foods. The willows were used for stirring corn, popcorn and any other food toasted over a fire. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 70 |
35924 | Salix irrorata Anderss. 3535 | Apache, White Mountain 15 | r29 45 | 160 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Withes tied together and used to stir mush and other foods. | Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
35902 | Salix interior Rowlee 3534 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems used to make a fish roasting stick. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35839 | Salix exigua Nutt. 3527 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 11 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to wrap up fish before roasting. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 11 |
35838 | Salix exigua Nutt. 3527 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 11 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to wrap up fish before roasting. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 11 |
35768 | Salix discolor Muhl. 3525 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems used to make a fish roasting stick. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35664 | Salix bebbiana Sarg. 3520 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 58 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems used to make a fish roasting stick. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
35648 | Salix amygdaloides Anderss. 3518 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 37 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used to make meat drying racks. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 37 |
35545 | Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd. ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes 3503 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 506 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make skin drying frames and potato drying mats. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 506 |
35544 | Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd. ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes 3503 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 506 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make food paddles. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 506 |
34986 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 264 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed above and below seaweed in steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
34972 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 74 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Sticks used to make salmon spreaders and for stringing clams for cooking and smoking. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
34971 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 74 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves spread at bottom of wooden cooking containers to prevent the hot rocks from burning the wood. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );