uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
403 rows where use_subcategory = 33 sorted by notes
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes ▼ | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29147 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 69 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Large, fleshy leaves used for laying food on and for spreading on berry drying racks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69 |
21647 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 78 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Large, waxy leaves used as plates, drinking cups, berry drying racks and steam pit covers. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 78 |
37185 | Sarracenia purpurea L. 3588 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 59 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaf used by children as a toy kettle to cook meat over an open fire. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 59 |
7698 | Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin 667 | Round Valley Indian 214 | c02 89 | 337 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leafy branches used to spread water gently over acorn meal. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 337 |
2553 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 98 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and branches placed over and beneath food in steaming pits and kettles. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
39030 | Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats. 3848 | Papago 188 | h08 174 | 262 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and stalks used to line cooking pits. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
39033 | Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats. 3848 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 262 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and stalks used to line cooking pits. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
41401 | Typha latifolia L. 4049 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 144 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and stems used in making 'trays' or plates. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 144 |
21653 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves folded into makeshift cups. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76 |
36055 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
36088 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
26175 | Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries 2840 | Eskimo, Alaska 67 | aa80 152 | 38 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves occasionally used to form make-shift funnels. | Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 38 |
34815 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 264 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed above and below seaweed in steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
34986 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 264 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed above and below seaweed in steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
31529 | Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood 3216 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 14 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed beneath fish being cleaned and used to wipe the fish. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14 |
31536 | Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood 3216 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 14 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed beneath fish being cleaned and used to wipe the fish. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14 |
31543 | Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood 3216 | Squaxin 251 | g73 25 | 14 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed beneath fish being cleaned and used to wipe the fish. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14 |
31545 | Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood 3216 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 14 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed beneath fish being cleaned and used to wipe the fish. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14 |
34971 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 74 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves spread at bottom of wooden cooking containers to prevent the hot rocks from burning the wood. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
7634 | Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. 658 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 53 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves tied to a stick and used as a beater for whipping soapberries. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53 |
21605 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 189 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used as a mat when drying berries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189 |
21692 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tsimshian 267 | c93 14 | 320 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used as an underlay for drying berries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320 |
37210 | Sarracenia purpurea L. 3588 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 123 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for a drinking cup when out in the woods or swamp. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123 |
21630 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 282 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for drying salal berry cakes. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
29118 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 221 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for lining cooking pits, both above and below the foods. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221 |
29126 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 221 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for lining cooking pits, both above and below the foods. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221 |
21631 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for steam cooking salmon. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
532 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 147 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used in pit cooking, to line the pit and interspersed between the layers of food. The leaves were also used between layers of fish in fish caches. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 |
6853 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 277 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used in roasting camas roots. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
43669 | Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (P. Mill.) Torr. & Gray 4211 | Pima 193 | c35 19 | 45 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used in roasting pits as containers for beans. | Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 45 |
6573 | Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth 498 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 20 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to clean eel's blood from butchered eel. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
31521 | Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood 3216 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 48 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to clean eels and salmon. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
12681 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 28 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to clean eels. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
2538 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cook halibut heads and salmonberry sprouts. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
26209 | Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq. 2842 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 49 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover berries cooking in pits. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49 |
6571 | Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth 498 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 14 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover camas while baking. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14 |
500 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
516 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
519 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
21644 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 336 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover sprouts while cooking. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 336 |
34784 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 74 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to dry berries on. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74 |
29101 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 13 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line pits when baking camas or wapatoo. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13 |
29095 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 13 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line pits when baking camas. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13 |
29140 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Quileute 209 | g73 25 | 13 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line pits when baking camas. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13 |
29144 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 13 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line pits when baking rhizomes or camas. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13 |
29119 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 13 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line pits when steaming sprouts. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13 |
29113 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 265 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265 |
1861 | Agave sp. 96 | Navajo 157 | b65 195 | 91 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line the baking pits. | Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 91 |
533 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 147 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line the containers used in making ripened salmon eggs. The maple leaves were used to line the basket and were placed in layers between the eggs. The eggs were generally prepared in a birch bark basket, placed in a hole in the ground lined with birch bark and left there until springtime when they were considered cooked. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 |
21648 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 105 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to make rectangular drying frames for drying mashed salal berries. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 105 |
21667 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 73 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to make water dippers on camping trips. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 73 |
34792 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 276 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to whip soapberries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 276 |
34968 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 279 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to whip soapberries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
36870 | Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa 3569 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 229 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to whip soapberries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229 |
29120 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 221 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wipe salmon. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221 |
28600 | Platanus racemosa Nutt. 3018 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 249 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap bread during baking. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
31876 | Quercus alba L. 3253 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 46 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
32053 | Quercus falcata Michx. 3262 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 46 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
32177 | Quercus imbricaria Michx. 3269 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 46 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
32364 | Quercus rubra L. 3285 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 46 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
32509 | Quercus stellata Wangenh. 3290 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 46 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
32545 | Quercus velutina Lam. 3293 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 46 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
34840 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 113 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap food for baking. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 113 |
34838 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Pomo 200 | g67 80 | 13 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap meat for baking. | Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13 |
21615 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Hoh 94 | r36 77 | 59 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap red elderberries during baking. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
21663 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Quileute 209 | r36 77 | 59 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap red elderberries during baking. | Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
21689 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tolowa 266 | b81 70 | 38 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21697 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Yurok 289 | b81 70 | 38 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap sturgeon eggs baked in ashes. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
21606 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 189 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap western hemlock cambium, bear meat and porcupine meat while cooking. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 189 |
21632 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap wild clover roots for baking, boiling and steaming. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
21633 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used with green grass leaves to line steaming boxes for cooking lupine roots. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
20112 | Leymus mollis ssp. mollis 2162 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used with skunk cabbage leaves to line steaming boxes for cooking lupine roots. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
7381 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 15 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used with sword fern to cook baking camas. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15 |
15632 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 65 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves, folded around like a cone, made a good drinking cup. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 65 |
41433 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41465 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41471 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41479 | Ulmus americana L. 4051 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41510 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41562 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41570 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41578 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41592 | Ulmus rubra Muhl. 4052 | Winnebago 280 | g19 17 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
41599 | Ulmus thomasii Sarg. 4054 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
41608 | Ulmus thomasii Sarg. 4054 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
23540 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 204 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Long grass made into coiled, conical baskets and used as eating and drinking vessels. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204 |
23541 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 204 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Long grass made into nearly flat, coiled baskets and used for winnowing and cleaning seeds. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204 |
9754 | Chlorogalum sp. 924 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 290 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Long leaves used to line the ground ovens while baking acorn bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
43570 | Woodwardia fimbriata Sm. 4195 | Pomo, Kashaya 202 | gl80 40 | 45 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Long leaves used to line the top and bottom of earth oven for baking acorn bread and other foods. | Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 45 |
24013 | Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. 2590 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 212 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Lower stalks split open to form an alternative base for drying mescal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 |
7249 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 416 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Nearly any kitchen utensil common to the white man, could be duplicated in birch bark by the Ojibwe. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
28059 | Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson 2968 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 104 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Needles supported on a framework of poles used for drying cooked berries. The needles were interspersed between layers of dried salmon or any other food being stored. They kept the food dry, but allowed air to circulate around it to prevent spoiling. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
9725 | Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth 922 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 319 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Outer portion of the bulbs made into small brushes and used for grinding acorns. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319 |
31223 | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco 3199 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 107 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Peeled twig bundles used as whippers for soapberries. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
27599 | Pinus edulis Engelm. 2959 | Keres, Western 107 | swank32 79 | 60 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Pitch rubbed on stone to blacken and the stone used to make paper bread from black corn. | Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
32748 | Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. 3322 | Lakota 125 | r80 108 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant top used as a nipple. | Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 39 |
6475 | Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis 467 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 91 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used as a mat to keep the meat free from dirt while butchering. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91 |
6477 | Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis 467 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 91 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used as a mat to keep the meat free from dirt while butchering. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91 |
8550 | Catopsis sp. 802 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 472 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used as a water supply for cooking during the dry season. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472 |
16364 | Guzmania sp. 1788 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 472 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used as a water supply for cooking during the dry season. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );