uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
403 rows where use_subcategory = 33 sorted by pageno
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id | species | tribe | source | pageno ▼ | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
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10998 | Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 1102 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 203 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used for barbecue racks. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203 |
18379 | Juncus mertensianus Bong. 2046 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 204 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Rushes made into woven and twined baskets and used as sifters or to leach acorn meal. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204 |
23540 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 204 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Long grass made into coiled, conical baskets and used as eating and drinking vessels. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204 |
23541 | Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A.S. Hitchc. 2543 | Luiseno 128 | s08 24 | 204 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Long grass made into nearly flat, coiled baskets and used for winnowing and cleaning seeds. | Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204 |
23723 | Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr. 2576 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 206 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Enlarged upper portion of stipes used as funnels for pouring water onto hot rocks in pit cooking. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 206 |
13000 | Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1374 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 207 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark twine used in drying roots and bunches of tied bark used as soapberry whippers. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone). The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths. At this stage, the bark could be dried for future use. The long, even strands of the fresh or dried bark, after it was soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes. The bark wine was used in twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing and also to thread bitter roots, avalanche lily corms and other roots for drying. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207 |
470 | Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel 24 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 209 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make spoons. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209 |
38731 | Spiraea douglasii Hook. 3792 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 210 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used to hang salmon for drying and smoking. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210 |
1869 | Agave utahensis Engelm. 97 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 212 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to make spoons for thin drinks. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 |
24013 | Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. 2590 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 212 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Lower stalks split open to form an alternative base for drying mescal. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 |
29474 | Populus fremontii S. Wats. 3102 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 213 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and plates. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213 |
14045 | Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Fr‚m. 1512 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 216 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems cut at both ends and used as drinking tubes. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 216 |
29639 | Populus tremuloides Michx. 3106 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 22 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Knots used to make wooden cups. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
29118 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 221 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for lining cooking pits, both above and below the foods. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221 |
29120 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 221 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wipe salmon. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221 |
29126 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 221 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for lining cooking pits, both above and below the foods. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 221 |
3158 | Amelanchier utahensis Koehne 216 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 222 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make flat parching trays. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222 |
2505 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 224 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make dishes to serve oolichan grease. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224 |
2678 | Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve 177 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 225 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make spoons. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225 |
40089 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 228 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make fish barbecuing sticks and cross pieces. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
36870 | Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa 3569 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 229 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to whip soapberries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229 |
8176 | Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose 757 | Papago 188 | cu35 27 | 23 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Ribs made into a drying rack for datil fruit. | Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23 |
15267 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Cherokee 32 | hc75 1 | 23 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make butter paddles. | Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
12872 | Echinocactus sp. 1354 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 232 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used as improvised cooking vessels particularly on hunting expeditions. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232 |
7090 | Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis 575 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dishes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7114 | Betula lenta L. 576 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dishes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7246 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dishes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
2538 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cook halibut heads and salmonberry sprouts. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
2539 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and dishes. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
29098 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 247 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Fronds used to line earth ovens. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 247 |
32437 | Quercus sp. 3289 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 248 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for bowls and mortars. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 |
28600 | Platanus racemosa Nutt. 3018 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 249 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap bread during baking. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
37167 | Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. 3586 | Navajo, Ramah 159 | v52 18 | 25 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems tied together with buckskin and used for mush stirring sticks. | Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25 |
3053 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 253 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make salmon spreaders. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
7455 | Bouteloua sp. 611 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Hollow stems used as straws. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
7224 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dishes and cooking utensils. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
23708 | Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. & Rupr. 2576 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 261 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Tubes put into steaming pits so that water could be poured directly on hot rocks at the bottom. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 261 |
39030 | Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats. 3848 | Papago 188 | h08 174 | 262 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and stalks used to line cooking pits. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
39033 | Suaeda suffrutescens S. Wats. 3848 | Pima 193 | h08 174 | 262 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and stalks used to line cooking pits. | Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
17331 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Nitinaht 166 | g83 3 | 263 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used for holding fish while barbecuing because they don't burn. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 263 |
1584 | Adiantum pedatum L. 71 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 264 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to cover berry drying racks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
34815 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 264 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed above and below seaweed in steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
34986 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 264 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves placed above and below seaweed in steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
22222 | Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. 2391 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 265 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Sticks used to retrieve special cooking stones used for cooking edible seaweed. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
29113 | Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl 3085 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 265 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 265 |
9117 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 266 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make dishes. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266 |
40071 | Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 3951 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 266 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Boughs used in drying seaweed for eating. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266 |
21631 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for steam cooking salmon. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
39498 | Taxus brevifolia Nutt. 3902 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 271 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 271 |
34792 | Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 3463 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 276 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to whip soapberries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 276 |
6853 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 277 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used in roasting camas roots. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
2532 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 279 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and large tubs for tribal feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
34968 | Rubus spectabilis Pursh 3470 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 279 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to whip soapberries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
12681 | Dryopteris arguta (Kaulfuss) Watt 1334 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 28 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to clean eels. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
21630 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 282 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used for drying salal berry cakes. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282 |
20112 | Leymus mollis ssp. mollis 2162 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used with skunk cabbage leaves to line steaming boxes for cooking lupine roots. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
21632 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to wrap wild clover roots for baking, boiling and steaming. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
21633 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 285 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used with green grass leaves to line steaming boxes for cooking lupine roots. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
35966 | Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) E. Murr. 3539 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 287 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used to hang drying oolichans. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 287 |
36054 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
36055 | Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. 3547 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
36087 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
36088 | Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. 3550 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 288 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
9754 | Chlorogalum sp. 924 | Pomo 200 | m66 109 | 290 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Long leaves used to line the ground ovens while baking acorn bread. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
497 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to carve dishes and spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
2531 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to carve dishes and spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
27431 | Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. 2953 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make fire tongs. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
41018 | Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 4043 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to carve dishes and spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
15652 | Gaultheria shallon Pursh 1703 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 299 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used to whip soapberries into a froth. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 299 |
14092 | Eriogonum nudum Dougl. ex Benth. 1520 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Hollow stems used as drinking tubes. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
14102 | Eriogonum nudum var. pauciflorum S. Wats. 1522 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 30 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Hollow stems used as drinking tubes. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 30 |
9804 | Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. 935 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 302 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used for roasting corn. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 302 |
7697 | Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin 667 | Round Valley Indian 214 | c02 89 | 306 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Dense leaflets used to prevent sand from mixing with the meal in leaching acorn meal. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306 |
15274 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1660 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 31 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make racks for drying meat. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31 |
9724 | Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth 922 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 319 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Fresh, green leaves used to cover acorn bread dough while cooking. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319 |
9725 | Chlorogalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth 922 | Mendocino Indian 137 | c02 89 | 319 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Outer portion of the bulbs made into small brushes and used for grinding acorns. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 319 |
7191 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dippers for water, funnels and cups. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
7192 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for upright supports and cross bars of the smoke curing rack. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
7193 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make wooden spoons, stoppers for sturgeon skin jars and hammers to pound fish eggs. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
30036 | Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston 3155 | Diegueno 65 | hedges86 85 | 32 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make wooden spoons and other utensils. | Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 32 |
21692 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Tsimshian 267 | c93 14 | 320 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used as an underlay for drying berries. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 320 |
16266 | Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray 1785 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 323 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used in roasting sweet corn. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 323 |
16271 | Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray 1785 | Tewa 257 | c74 82 | 323 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used in roasting sweet corn. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 323 |
7132 | Betula occidentalis Hook. 579 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33 |
7155 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33 |
9090 | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach 860 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for making ornamental dishes and headdresses. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33 |
17311 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make roasting tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
17315 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Klallam 114 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make roasting tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
17323 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make roasting tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
17327 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Makah 133 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make roasting tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
17362 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make roasting tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
17364 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make roasting tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
17368 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Squaxin 251 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make roasting tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
17370 | Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. 1904 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make roasting tongs. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
38733 | Spiraea douglasii Hook. 3792 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used for spreading and cooking salmon. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
38736 | Spiraea douglasii var. menziesii (Hook.) K. Presl 3793 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Stems peeled and used to string clams for roasting. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 33 |
18631 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Hopi 95 | c74 82 | 330 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Twigs used to separate corn dumplings while boiling. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 330 |
18744 | Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. 2058 | Tewa 257 | c74 82 | 330 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Twigs used to separate corn dumplings while boiling. | Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 330 |
21644 | Lysichiton americanus Hult‚n & St. John 2337 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 336 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover sprouts while cooking. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 336 |
7698 | Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin 667 | Round Valley Indian 214 | c02 89 | 337 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leafy branches used to spread water gently over acorn meal. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 337 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );