uses
Data source: Native American Ethnobotany Database · About: NAEB
403 rows where use_subcategory = 33
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id ▼ | species | tribe | source | pageno | use_category | use_subcategory | notes | rawsource |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
415 | Acer circinatum Pursh 22 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 15 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to made acorn paddles. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15 |
420 | Acer circinatum Pursh 22 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 90 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and drinking containers. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90 |
437 | Acer glabrum Torr. 23 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 200 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make spoons. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200 |
448 | Acer glabrum Torr. 23 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 59 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make screens for smoke drying racks. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
449 | Acer glabrum Torr. 23 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 59 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make tongs for removing food from boiling water. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
470 | Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel 24 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 209 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make spoons. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 209 |
473 | Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dippel 24 | Oweekeno 181 | c93 14 | 82 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make spoons. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 82 |
477 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Chehalis 31 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Dead wood used for smoking salmon. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
485 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Cowichan 52 | tb71 23 | 77 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Large leaves used for lining baskets, wrapping fish and placing on berry drying racks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77 |
491 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 385 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood made into the paddle used for stirring the food in the cooking baskets. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
492 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 15 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to made acorn paddles. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15 |
497 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to carve dishes and spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
500 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
501 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Lummi 129 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make dishes and spoons. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
508 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 91 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Hard, lightweight wood used to make bowls. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 91 |
516 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Skagit 241 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
519 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Snohomish 245 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover food cooking in pits. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
522 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Dead wood used for smoking salmon. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
523 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Swinomish 253 | g73 25 | 39 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make dishes and spoons. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 39 |
531 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 147 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Inner bark used to make soapberry whippers. Children sometimes made miniature whisks which they used to whip the juice that was left after the dried soapberries were soaked. They made the juice with their whisks and then drank it. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 |
532 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 147 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used in pit cooking, to line the pit and interspersed between the layers of food. The leaves were also used between layers of fish in fish caches. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 |
533 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 147 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line the containers used in making ripened salmon eggs. The maple leaves were used to line the basket and were placed in layers between the eggs. The eggs were generally prepared in a birch bark basket, placed in a hole in the ground lined with birch bark and left there until springtime when they were considered cooked. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 |
534 | Acer macrophyllum Pursh 26 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 147 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make soapberry eating paddles. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 147 |
545 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 46 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46 |
555 | Acer negundo L. 27 | Montana Indian 151 | h92 30 | 4 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Large trunk burls or knots used to make bowls and dishes. | Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 4 |
621 | Acer rubrum L. 32 | Iroquois 100 | r45ii 59 | 53 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 53 |
631 | Acer rubrum L. 32 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 472 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make spoons. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472 |
676 | Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to make paddles for stirring maple sap. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
705 | Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 413 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and many other objects of utility. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
706 | Acer saccharum Marsh. 35 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 413 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make paddles for stirring maple sugar or wild rice while scorching or parching it. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
1584 | Adiantum pedatum L. 71 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 264 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to cover berry drying racks. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
1598 | Adiantum sp. 72 | Hahwunkwut 83 | m66 109 | 183 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets. | Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183 |
1608 | Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. 73 | Kawaiisu 106 | z81 60 | 10 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood sections hollowed out by burning and carved into bowls. | Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 |
1861 | Agave sp. 96 | Navajo 157 | b65 195 | 91 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to line the baking pits. | Brugge, David M., 1965, Navajo Use of Agave, Kiva 31(2):88-98, page 91 |
1869 | Agave utahensis Engelm. 97 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 212 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used to make spoons for thin drinks. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 212 |
1961 | Alectoria sarmentosa (L.) Ach. 122 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 55 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used for wiping salmon. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55 |
2490 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Clallam 41 | f80 99 | 198 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for dishes and utensils. | Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 198 |
2505 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 224 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make dishes to serve oolichan grease. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 224 |
2510 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Hesquiat 92 | te82 41 | 62 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for carved dishes and canoe bailers. | Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
2531 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 296 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to carve dishes and spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
2532 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Kwakiutl, Southern 122 | tb73 63 | 279 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and large tubs for tribal feasts. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
2538 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cook halibut heads and salmonberry sprouts. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
2539 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Makah 133 | g83 3 | 243 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and dishes. | Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243 |
2553 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 98 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves and branches placed over and beneath food in steaming pits and kettles. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
2554 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 98 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
2574 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 79 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make dishes and spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
2577 | Alnus rubra Bong. 172 | Skagit, Upper 242 | t89 131 | 42 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make canned food dishes, spoons and platters. | Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
2678 | Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. L”ve 177 | Haisla and Hanaksiala 87 | c93 14 | 225 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make spoons. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 225 |
3053 | Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer 204 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 253 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make salmon spreaders. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
3158 | Amelanchier utahensis Koehne 216 | Havasupai 89 | ws85 2 | 222 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make flat parching trays. | Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 222 |
3198 | Amorpha fruticosa L. 222 | Pawnee 190 | g19 17 | 93 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Shrub used on the ground to receive meat while butchering, to keep the meat clean. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 93 |
3503 | Angelica genuflexa Nutt. 262 | Bella Coola 21 | t73 53 | 200 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Hollow stems used to make drinking straws. | Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200 |
3601 | Annona glabra L. 271 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 509 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make spoons. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 509 |
3682 | Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. 286 | Hanaksiala 88 | c93 14 | 145 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used in earth ovens. | Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 145 |
4226 | Arbutus menziesii Pursh 322 | Salish, Coast 217 | tb71 23 | 82 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Young branches used to make spoons. | Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 82 |
4343 | Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. 333 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 388 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make spoons and scraping sticks for acorn soup. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
4393 | Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry 337 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 388 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make spoons and scraping sticks for acorn soup. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
4427 | Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray 338 | Karok 105 | sg52 71 | 388 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make spoons and scraping sticks for acorn soup. | Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
4492 | Arctostaphylos sp. 345 | Miwok 144 | bg33 100 | 146 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make mush stirring paddles. | Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 146 |
4707 | Ardisia escallonoides Schiede & Deppe ex Schlecht. & Cham. 350 | Seminole 228 | s54 88 | 470 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used to make meat roasting sticks. | Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 470 |
5033 | Artemisia cana Pursh 392 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 12 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used as brush beds for roasting pinon cones. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12 |
5146 | Artemisia dracunculus L. 395 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 76 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches with leaves used as spreaders for drying salmon and to separate stored layers of salmon. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
5512 | Artemisia sp. 404 | Cheyenne 33 | h81 57 | 16 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Branches used to remove the spines of prickly pear cacti fruits. | Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 16 |
5810 | Artemisia tridentata Nutt. 407 | Tubatulabal 269 | v38 137 | 12 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used as brush beds for roasting pinon cones. | Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 12 |
6181 | Asclepias sp. 441 | Kiowa 111 | vs39 140 | 47 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Dried pods used as spoons. | Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47 |
6475 | Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis 467 | Omaha 177 | g19 17 | 91 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used as a mat to keep the meat free from dirt while butchering. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91 |
6477 | Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis 467 | Ponca 205 | g19 17 | 91 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Plant used as a mat to keep the meat free from dirt while butchering. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 91 |
6571 | Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth 498 | Cowlitz 53 | g73 25 | 14 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to cover camas while baking. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 14 |
6573 | Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth 498 | Karok 105 | b81 70 | 20 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used to clean eel's blood from butchered eel. | Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
6578 | Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth 498 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 62 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Fronds placed in layers below and above food in steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
6853 | Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. 549 | Blackfoot 23 | m09 42 | 277 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used in roasting camas roots. | McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
7090 | Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis 575 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dishes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7114 | Betula lenta L. 576 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dishes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7132 | Betula occidentalis Hook. 579 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33 |
7155 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Blackfoot 23 | j87 146 | 33 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls. | Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 33 |
7160 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Carrier 27 | c73 134 | 67 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Inner bark made into dishes and used for processing fish, picking berries and to eat with. | Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 67 |
7164 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Chippewa 38 | d28 4 | 377 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Used for utensils. | Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
7191 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dippers for water, funnels and cups. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
7192 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used for upright supports and cross bars of the smoke curing rack. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
7193 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Cree, Woodlands 58 | l85 47 | 32 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make wooden spoons, stoppers for sturgeon skin jars and hammers to pound fish eggs. | Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
7198 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Dakota 61 | g19 17 | 75 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Fine, shredded bark used as household utensils. | Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
7224 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Micmac 141 | sd51 182 | 258 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dishes and cooking utensils. | Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
7245 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 416 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make all sorts of drying trays. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
7246 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | r28 8 | 241 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make dishes. | Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
7247 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 416 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make funnels for pouring hot lard. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
7248 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 416 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make shallow trays for winnowing wild rice. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
7249 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Ojibwa 173 | smith32 20 | 416 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Nearly any kitchen utensil common to the white man, could be duplicated in birch bark by the Ojibwe. | Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
7270 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Potawatomi 206 | smith33 43 | 112 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make many of the household utensils, storage vessels and containers. | Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112 |
7288 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Bark used to make containers for storing food, picking berries and cooking. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
7289 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and spoons. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
7290 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Tanana, Upper 255 | k85 36 | 5 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Wood used to make bowls and spoons. | Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
7309 | Betula papyrifera Marsh. 580 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 189 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Tough, waterproof bark used as a material for wrapping food. The bark was particularly important in the storage of food. It could be stripped off in fall when it was quite papery and could be split into thin sheets. These were weighted down with rocks to flatten them and then used to line the bottoms of berry baskets to keep the baskets from getting stained. The bark was also placed between layers of dried salmon in storage and used in the storage of cooked roots such as lily corms. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 189 |
7377 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Nitinaht 166 | ttco83 101 | 63 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Fronds placed below and above food in steaming pits. | Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 63 |
7381 | Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 592 | Quinault 210 | g73 25 | 15 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves used with sword fern to cook baking camas. | Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15 |
7448 | Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths 608 | Zuni 291 | s15 6 | 83 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Grass bunches tied together and used to strain goat's milk. | Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 83 |
7455 | Bouteloua sp. 611 | Costanoan 50 | b84 16 | 255 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Hollow stems used as straws. | Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
7634 | Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. 658 | Okanagan-Colville 175 | tbk80 32 | 53 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Leaves tied to a stick and used as a beater for whipping soapberries. | Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 53 |
7637 | Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. 658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 140 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Grass used in drying soapberries. The grass was washed, braided at the ends and laid out on a rack upon which the soapberries were placed to dry. A small fire was lit under the racks and when the berries were dried, they were stored with the grass still attached. Then, for use, the berries and grass were soaked in water and hand mixed. The grass, which helped to whip the berries, eventually floated to the top after which it was removed. Any remaining grass was removed by the person eating the berry whip. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140 |
7638 | Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. 658 | Thompson 259 | tta90 10 | 140 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Tied bunches of grass used as soapberry whips. | Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 140 |
7697 | Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin 667 | Round Valley Indian 214 | c02 89 | 306 | Other 3 | Cooking Tools 33 | Dense leaflets used to prevent sand from mixing with the meal in leaching acorn meal. | Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306 |
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CREATE TABLE uses ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, species INTEGER NOT NULL, tribe INTEGER NOT NULL, source INTEGER NOT NULL, pageno TEXT NOT NULL, use_category INTEGER, use_subcategory INTEGER, notes TEXT, rawsource TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY(use_category) REFERENCES use_categories(id), FOREIGN KEY(use_subcategory) REFERENCES use_subcategories(id), FOREIGN KEY(tribe) REFERENCES tribes(id), FOREIGN KEY(species) REFERENCES species(id), FOREIGN KEY(source) REFERENCES sources(id) );